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The Relations Between Narcisistic Characteristics and Empathy, Childhood Traumas, Shame

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1615 - 1627, 26.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1018673

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between narcissistic traits and empathy, childhood traumas, and shame. The sample of the study consisted of 385 students studying in the undergraduate departments of state and foundation universities in Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. Grandiose and fragile narcissistic traits have different appearances, and it is thought that revealing the relationship between these traits and empathy, childhood traumas and shame is important in terms of guiding the way and approaches to address these traits in psychotherapy. According to the results of the study; there is a significant positive correlation between fragile narcissism and childhood traumas total score; a significant positive correlation between cognitive empathy; a low-level positive correlation between emotional empathy; and a low-level positive correlation with shame. The multiple linear regression model predicting fragile narcissism, which consists of emotional, abuse, emotional neglect, and shame variables are significant. There is a very low positive significant relationship between grandiose narcissism and total score of childhood traumas; a low positive significant relationship between cognitive empathy; a low positive significant relationship between emotional empathy; and a very low negative significant relationship between shames.

References

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  • American Professional Society Abuse Children (2011). The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. J. E. Myers (Ed.), 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Bertele, N., Talmon, A. ve Gross, J. J. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and narcissism: the mediating role of dissociation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi: 10.1177/0886260520984404.
  • Bilevicius, E., Neufeld, D. C., Single, A., Foot, M., Ellery, M., Keough, M. T. ve Johnson, E. A. (2019). Vulnerable narcissism and addiction: The mediating role of shame. Addictive behaviors, 92, 115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.035.
  • Burgmer, P., Weiss, A. ve Ohmann, K. (2019). I don’t feel ya: How narcissism shapes empathy. Self and Identity, 20(2), 199-215. doi: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1645730
  • Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L. ve Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Reviews. 28(4), 638-656. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006.
  • Chukwuorji, J. C., Uzuegbu, C. N., Agbo, F., Ifegwazi, C. M. ve Ebulum, G. C. (2020). Different slopes for different folks: Gender moderates the relationship between empathy and narcissism. Current Psychology, 39, 1808-1818. doi: 10.1007/s12144-018-9881-z.
  • Dickinson, K. A. ve Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(3), 188-207. Erişim adresi: http://sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/dickinson2003.pdf
  • Ekşi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 1081-1096. doi: 10.12738/estp.2016.4.0001
  • Engyel, M., Urbán, R., Bandi, S. ve Nagy, L. (2020). Dimensionality of narcissism: a Bifactorial model of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory using single-stimulus response formats. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-00971-2
  • Erdoğan, B. (2019). Yetişkin bireylerde narsisizm, çocukluk çağı ruhsal travmaları ve ilişki doyumu ile cinsel tutum ve davranışların incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Arel Üniversitesi.
  • Freis, S. D., Brown, A. A., Carroll, P. J. ve Arkin, R. M. (2015). Shame, rage, And Unsuccessful Motivated Reasoning in Vulnerable Narcissism. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology. 34(10):877–95. Erişim adresi: https://lima.osu.edu/assets/lima/uploads/Departments/Psychology/pCarroll/Freis,%20Brown,%20Carroll,%20Ar kin-SCP.pdf
  • From, I. ve Miller, M. V. (1992). Introduction to gestalt therapy: Excitement and growth in the human personality. New York: The Gestalt Journal Press.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C. ve Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five- factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500-512. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
  • Gramzow, R. ve Tangney, J. P. (1992). Proneness to Shame and the Narcissistic Personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 369-376. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/June- Tangney/publication/247746436_Proneness_to_Shame_and_the_Narcissistic_Personality/links/57434dfa0 8ae298602f0ed2d/Proneness-to-Shame-and-the-Narcissistic-Personality.pdf
  • Heiserman, A. ve Cook, H. (1998). Narcissism, affect, and gender: An empirical examination of Kernberg's and Kohut's theories of narcissism. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 15(1), 74. Erişim adresi: http://www.sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/heiserman1998.pdf
  • Huxley, E. ve Bizumic, B. (2017). Parental invalidation and the development of narcissism. Journal of Psychology, 151, 130-147. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2016.1248807
  • Keene, A. C. ve Epps, J. (2016). Childhood physical abuse and aggression: Shame and narcissistic vulnerability. Child abuse & neglect, 51, 276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.012
  • Kernberg, O.P. (1975). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm. (Çev. Mustafa Atakay). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Kına, B. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantıları ile Kırılgan Narsizm Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Haliç Üniversitesi.
  • Kim, H.Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 38(1), 52. doi: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
  • Levine, A. B. ve Faust, J. (2013). A psychodynamic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of closet narcissism. Clinical Case Studies, 12(3), 199-212. doi: 10.1177/1534650113475475
  • Luchner, A. F. ve Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2016). Dysfunctional empathy in vulnerable narcissism. North American Journal of Psychology, 18(3), 597-610. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew- Luchner/publication/310503269_Dysfunctional_Empathy_in_Vulnerable_Narcissism/links/58306be408ae102 f0731c7ea/Dysfunctional-Empathy-in-Vulnerable-Narcissism.pdf
  • Miller, A. (2020). Yetenekli çocuğun dramı (Çev: E. Avşar). İstanbul: Profil Kitap.
  • McGregor, I., Nail, P. R., Marigold, D. C. ve Kang, S. J. (2001). Defensive pride and consensus: strength in imaginary numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 978. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.978
  • McWilliams, N. (2013). Psikanalitik tanı. Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (Çev: E. Kalem). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Morrison, A. P. (1983). Shame, ideal self, and narcissism. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 19(2), 295-318. doi: 10.1080/00107530.1983.10746610
  • Nguyen, K. T. ve Shaw, L. (2020). The aetiology of non-clinical narcissism: Clarifying the role of adverse childhood experiences and parental overvaluation. Personality and Individual Differences, 154. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109615
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. ve Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 365. Erişim adresi: http://www.sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/pincus2009.pdf
  • Raskin, R. ve Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890. Erişim adresi: https://sys.re/files/docs/psychology/raskin.pdf
  • Richman, J. A. ve Flaherty, J. A. (1990). Gender differences in medical student distress: contributions of prior socialization and current role-related stress. Social Science & Medicine, 30(7), 777-787. doi: 10.1016/0277- 9536(90)90201-3
  • Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T. ve Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187(1- 2), 241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013
  • Ryan, K.M., Weikel, K. ve Sprechini, G. (2008). Gender Differences in Narcissism and Courtship Violence in Dating Couples. Sex Roles 58, 802-813. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9403-9
  • Salonia, G. (2013). From the Greatness of the Image to the Fullness of Contact. Thoughts on Gestalt Therapy and Narcissistic Experience. Ed. G. Francesetti, M. Gecele, J. Roubal. Gestalt Theory in Clinical Practice. Siracusa: Istituo di Gestalt HCC Italy.
  • Savaşır, I. ve Şahin, N. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Stone, B. M. ve Bartholomay, E. M. (2020). A two-factor structure of the hypersensitive narcissism scale describes gender-dependent manifestations of covert narcissism. Current Psychology, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020- 01088-2
  • Şar, V., Öztürk, E. ve İkikardeş, E. (2012). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamasının Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Türkiye Klinikleri, Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(4), 1054. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26947
  • Schie, C. C., Jarman, H. L., Reis, S. ve Grenyer, B. F. (2021). Narcissistic traits in young people and how experiencing shame relates to current attachment challenges. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03249-4
  • Simmons, C. A., Lehmann, P., Cobb, N. ve Fowler, C. R. (2005). Personality profiles of women and men arrested for domestic violence: An analysis of similarities and differences. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 41, 63-81. doi: 10.1300/J076v41n04_03
  • Sivanathan, D., Bizumic, B., Rieger, E. ve Huxley, E. (2019). Vulnerable narcissism as a mediator of the relationship between perceived parental invalidation and eating disorder pathology. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(6), 1071-1077. doi: 10.1007/s40519-019-00647-2
  • Symington, N. (2012). The Psychology of the Person. Routledge: NY, 1st ed.
  • Tschanz, B.T., Morf, C.C. ve Turner, C.W. (1998). Gender differences in the structure of narcissism: a multi-sample analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Sex Roles, 38, 863-870. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1018833400411.pdf
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Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1615 - 1627, 26.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1018673

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, narsisistik özellikler ile empati, çocukluk çağı travmaları ve utanç arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da bulunan devlet ve vakıf üniversitelerinin lisans bölümlerinde 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 385 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Büyüklenmeci ve kırılgan narsisistik özellikler birbirinden farklı görünümlere sahiptir, bu özelliklerin empati, çocukluk çağı travmaları ve utanç ile ilişkisinin ortaya konmasının, psikoterapide bu özellikleri ele alma biçimi ve yaklaşımlara yön göstermesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; kırılgan narsisizm ile çocukluk çağı travmaları toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı; bilişsel empati arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı; duygusal empati arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı; utanç ile düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Duygusal, istismar, duygusal ihmal ve utanç değişkenlerinden oluşan, kırılgan narsisizmi yordayıcı çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli anlamlıdır. Büyüklenmeci narsisizm ile çocukluk çağı travmaları toplam puanı arasında çok düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı; bilişsel empati arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı; duygusal empati arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı; utanç arasında çok düşük düzeyde negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Akça, S. (2017). Kohut’un Kendilik Nesnesi İhtiyaçları Bağlamında Kırılgan Narsisizmin İncelenmesi: Bir Vaka Örneği. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 4(1), 1-13.
  • American Professional Society Abuse Children (2011). The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. J. E. Myers (Ed.), 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Bertele, N., Talmon, A. ve Gross, J. J. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and narcissism: the mediating role of dissociation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi: 10.1177/0886260520984404.
  • Bilevicius, E., Neufeld, D. C., Single, A., Foot, M., Ellery, M., Keough, M. T. ve Johnson, E. A. (2019). Vulnerable narcissism and addiction: The mediating role of shame. Addictive behaviors, 92, 115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.035.
  • Burgmer, P., Weiss, A. ve Ohmann, K. (2019). I don’t feel ya: How narcissism shapes empathy. Self and Identity, 20(2), 199-215. doi: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1645730
  • Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L. ve Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Reviews. 28(4), 638-656. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006.
  • Chukwuorji, J. C., Uzuegbu, C. N., Agbo, F., Ifegwazi, C. M. ve Ebulum, G. C. (2020). Different slopes for different folks: Gender moderates the relationship between empathy and narcissism. Current Psychology, 39, 1808-1818. doi: 10.1007/s12144-018-9881-z.
  • Dickinson, K. A. ve Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(3), 188-207. Erişim adresi: http://sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/dickinson2003.pdf
  • Ekşi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 1081-1096. doi: 10.12738/estp.2016.4.0001
  • Engyel, M., Urbán, R., Bandi, S. ve Nagy, L. (2020). Dimensionality of narcissism: a Bifactorial model of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory using single-stimulus response formats. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-00971-2
  • Erdoğan, B. (2019). Yetişkin bireylerde narsisizm, çocukluk çağı ruhsal travmaları ve ilişki doyumu ile cinsel tutum ve davranışların incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Arel Üniversitesi.
  • Freis, S. D., Brown, A. A., Carroll, P. J. ve Arkin, R. M. (2015). Shame, rage, And Unsuccessful Motivated Reasoning in Vulnerable Narcissism. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology. 34(10):877–95. Erişim adresi: https://lima.osu.edu/assets/lima/uploads/Departments/Psychology/pCarroll/Freis,%20Brown,%20Carroll,%20Ar kin-SCP.pdf
  • From, I. ve Miller, M. V. (1992). Introduction to gestalt therapy: Excitement and growth in the human personality. New York: The Gestalt Journal Press.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C. ve Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five- factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500-512. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
  • Gramzow, R. ve Tangney, J. P. (1992). Proneness to Shame and the Narcissistic Personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 369-376. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/June- Tangney/publication/247746436_Proneness_to_Shame_and_the_Narcissistic_Personality/links/57434dfa0 8ae298602f0ed2d/Proneness-to-Shame-and-the-Narcissistic-Personality.pdf
  • Heiserman, A. ve Cook, H. (1998). Narcissism, affect, and gender: An empirical examination of Kernberg's and Kohut's theories of narcissism. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 15(1), 74. Erişim adresi: http://www.sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/heiserman1998.pdf
  • Huxley, E. ve Bizumic, B. (2017). Parental invalidation and the development of narcissism. Journal of Psychology, 151, 130-147. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2016.1248807
  • Keene, A. C. ve Epps, J. (2016). Childhood physical abuse and aggression: Shame and narcissistic vulnerability. Child abuse & neglect, 51, 276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.012
  • Kernberg, O.P. (1975). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm. (Çev. Mustafa Atakay). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Kına, B. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantıları ile Kırılgan Narsizm Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Haliç Üniversitesi.
  • Kim, H.Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 38(1), 52. doi: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
  • Levine, A. B. ve Faust, J. (2013). A psychodynamic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of closet narcissism. Clinical Case Studies, 12(3), 199-212. doi: 10.1177/1534650113475475
  • Luchner, A. F. ve Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2016). Dysfunctional empathy in vulnerable narcissism. North American Journal of Psychology, 18(3), 597-610. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew- Luchner/publication/310503269_Dysfunctional_Empathy_in_Vulnerable_Narcissism/links/58306be408ae102 f0731c7ea/Dysfunctional-Empathy-in-Vulnerable-Narcissism.pdf
  • Miller, A. (2020). Yetenekli çocuğun dramı (Çev: E. Avşar). İstanbul: Profil Kitap.
  • McGregor, I., Nail, P. R., Marigold, D. C. ve Kang, S. J. (2001). Defensive pride and consensus: strength in imaginary numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 978. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.978
  • McWilliams, N. (2013). Psikanalitik tanı. Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak (Çev: E. Kalem). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Morrison, A. P. (1983). Shame, ideal self, and narcissism. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 19(2), 295-318. doi: 10.1080/00107530.1983.10746610
  • Nguyen, K. T. ve Shaw, L. (2020). The aetiology of non-clinical narcissism: Clarifying the role of adverse childhood experiences and parental overvaluation. Personality and Individual Differences, 154. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109615
  • Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. ve Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 365. Erişim adresi: http://www.sakkyndig.com/psykologi/artvit/pincus2009.pdf
  • Raskin, R. ve Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890. Erişim adresi: https://sys.re/files/docs/psychology/raskin.pdf
  • Richman, J. A. ve Flaherty, J. A. (1990). Gender differences in medical student distress: contributions of prior socialization and current role-related stress. Social Science & Medicine, 30(7), 777-787. doi: 10.1016/0277- 9536(90)90201-3
  • Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preißler, S., Rüter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T. ve Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187(1- 2), 241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.013
  • Ryan, K.M., Weikel, K. ve Sprechini, G. (2008). Gender Differences in Narcissism and Courtship Violence in Dating Couples. Sex Roles 58, 802-813. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9403-9
  • Salonia, G. (2013). From the Greatness of the Image to the Fullness of Contact. Thoughts on Gestalt Therapy and Narcissistic Experience. Ed. G. Francesetti, M. Gecele, J. Roubal. Gestalt Theory in Clinical Practice. Siracusa: Istituo di Gestalt HCC Italy.
  • Savaşır, I. ve Şahin, N. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Stone, B. M. ve Bartholomay, E. M. (2020). A two-factor structure of the hypersensitive narcissism scale describes gender-dependent manifestations of covert narcissism. Current Psychology, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020- 01088-2
  • Şar, V., Öztürk, E. ve İkikardeş, E. (2012). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamasının Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Türkiye Klinikleri, Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(4), 1054. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26947
  • Schie, C. C., Jarman, H. L., Reis, S. ve Grenyer, B. F. (2021). Narcissistic traits in young people and how experiencing shame relates to current attachment challenges. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03249-4
  • Simmons, C. A., Lehmann, P., Cobb, N. ve Fowler, C. R. (2005). Personality profiles of women and men arrested for domestic violence: An analysis of similarities and differences. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 41, 63-81. doi: 10.1300/J076v41n04_03
  • Sivanathan, D., Bizumic, B., Rieger, E. ve Huxley, E. (2019). Vulnerable narcissism as a mediator of the relationship between perceived parental invalidation and eating disorder pathology. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(6), 1071-1077. doi: 10.1007/s40519-019-00647-2
  • Symington, N. (2012). The Psychology of the Person. Routledge: NY, 1st ed.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bengisu Nehir Aydın 0000-0003-2920-3920

Early Pub Date October 26, 2022
Publication Date October 26, 2022
Submission Date November 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aydın, B. N. (2022). Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(4), 1615-1627. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1018673
AMA Aydın BN. Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi. MJSS. October 2022;11(4):1615-1627. doi:10.33206/mjss.1018673
Chicago Aydın, Bengisu Nehir. “Narsisistik Özellikler Ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ve Utancın İlişkisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, no. 4 (October 2022): 1615-27. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1018673.
EndNote Aydın BN (October 1, 2022) Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 4 1615–1627.
IEEE B. N. Aydın, “Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi”, MJSS, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1615–1627, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1018673.
ISNAD Aydın, Bengisu Nehir. “Narsisistik Özellikler Ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ve Utancın İlişkisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/4 (October 2022), 1615-1627. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1018673.
JAMA Aydın BN. Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi. MJSS. 2022;11:1615–1627.
MLA Aydın, Bengisu Nehir. “Narsisistik Özellikler Ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ve Utancın İlişkisi”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1615-27, doi:10.33206/mjss.1018673.
Vancouver Aydın BN. Narsisistik Özellikler ile Empati, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Utancın İlişkisi. MJSS. 2022;11(4):1615-27.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies