Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 98 - 112, 23.10.2025

Abstract

References

  • Bartle, R. (1996). Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. Journal of MUD Research, 1(1).
  • Beard, K. (2014). Theoretically Speaking: An Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on Flow Theory Development and Its Usefulness in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Education. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-014-9291-1.
  • Brandsma, J. (1989). The art of the psychotherapist By James F.T. Bugental. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987. $27.95. Clinical Psychology Review, 9(2), 262–263. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90034-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row.
  • Csíkszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Gitman, L.J., McDaniel, C., Shah, A., Reece, M., Koffel, L., Talsma, B., & Hyatt, J.C. (2020). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Gunasekare, U. L. T. P. (2016). Self determination theory (SDT): A review on SDT as a complementary theory of motivation. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 58. doi:10.4038/kjhrm.v11i1.28
  • Khasieva, M. (2024). Prospects for the development of educational computer games in the context of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi. Педагогика и просвещение. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454- 0676.2024.3.71124.
  • Lewis, J.A. (1996). Flow. The Family Journal, 4, 337 - 338.
  • Martela, F. (2020). Self‐Determination Theory. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Morgeson, F. P. (2021). Introduction. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8(1), i–ii. doi:10.1146/annurev-op-08-111720-100001
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
  • Mustofa, A. Z. (2022). Hierarchy of human needs: A humanistic psychology approach of Abraham Maslow. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 30–35. doi:10.30984/kijms.v3i2.282
  • Salen, K., & Zimmerman, E. (2004). Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press.
  • Salisbury, J., & Tomlinson, P. (2016). Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi's Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games. Trans. Digit. Games Res. Assoc., 2. https://doi.org/10.26503/TODIGRA.V2I2.34.
  • Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses. CRC Press.
  • Singh, T., & Behera, M. P. (2016). Application of the maslow’s hierarchy of need theory: Impacts and implications on employee’s career stages. Training & Development Journal, 7(2), 43. doi:10.5958/2231- 069x.2016.00007.x
  • Sonnenburg, S., & Primus, D. J. (2020). Flow. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 510–515). doi:10.1016/b978-0-12- 809324-5.23754-1
  • Zalenski, R. J., & Raspa, R. (2006). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1120–1127. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1120

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 98 - 112, 23.10.2025

Abstract

References

  • Bartle, R. (1996). Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. Journal of MUD Research, 1(1).
  • Beard, K. (2014). Theoretically Speaking: An Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on Flow Theory Development and Its Usefulness in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Education. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-014-9291-1.
  • Brandsma, J. (1989). The art of the psychotherapist By James F.T. Bugental. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987. $27.95. Clinical Psychology Review, 9(2), 262–263. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90034-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row.
  • Csíkszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Gitman, L.J., McDaniel, C., Shah, A., Reece, M., Koffel, L., Talsma, B., & Hyatt, J.C. (2020). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Gunasekare, U. L. T. P. (2016). Self determination theory (SDT): A review on SDT as a complementary theory of motivation. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 58. doi:10.4038/kjhrm.v11i1.28
  • Khasieva, M. (2024). Prospects for the development of educational computer games in the context of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi. Педагогика и просвещение. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454- 0676.2024.3.71124.
  • Lewis, J.A. (1996). Flow. The Family Journal, 4, 337 - 338.
  • Martela, F. (2020). Self‐Determination Theory. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Morgeson, F. P. (2021). Introduction. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8(1), i–ii. doi:10.1146/annurev-op-08-111720-100001
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
  • Mustofa, A. Z. (2022). Hierarchy of human needs: A humanistic psychology approach of Abraham Maslow. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 30–35. doi:10.30984/kijms.v3i2.282
  • Salen, K., & Zimmerman, E. (2004). Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press.
  • Salisbury, J., & Tomlinson, P. (2016). Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi's Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games. Trans. Digit. Games Res. Assoc., 2. https://doi.org/10.26503/TODIGRA.V2I2.34.
  • Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses. CRC Press.
  • Singh, T., & Behera, M. P. (2016). Application of the maslow’s hierarchy of need theory: Impacts and implications on employee’s career stages. Training & Development Journal, 7(2), 43. doi:10.5958/2231- 069x.2016.00007.x
  • Sonnenburg, S., & Primus, D. J. (2020). Flow. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 510–515). doi:10.1016/b978-0-12- 809324-5.23754-1
  • Zalenski, R. J., & Raspa, R. (2006). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1120–1127. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1120

Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisi ile Oyun Tasarımını Yeniden Düşünmek

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 98 - 112, 23.10.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Abraham Maslow’un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisinin dijital oyun tasarımı alanına nasıl uygulanabileceğini araştırmaktadır. Maslow’un beş temel katmanından oluşan bu kuramsal yapı – fizyolojik ihtiyaçlardan kendini gerçekleştirmeye kadar uzanan – oyun dünyası bağlamında yeniden yorumlanarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma, temel insani güdülerin oyunlardaki mekanikler, estetik unsurlar ve sistemsel yapılar içerisinde nasıl temsil edildiğini kavramsal bir analizle ele almaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, hiyerarşinin her bir düzeyi oyun tasarımındaki belirli ögelerle ilişkilendirilmiştir: işlevsel arayüzler fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarla, kayıt sistemleri güvenlik duygusuyla, çok oyunculu modlar aidiyet hissiyle, ödül sistemleri saygı ihtiyacıyla ve kullanıcı tarafından üretilen içerikler ya da yapay zekâ temelli anlatılar kendini gerçekleştirme arzusuyla eşleştirilmiştir. Bu eşleştirmeler doğrultusunda geliştirilen karşılaştırmalı model, düşük düzeyli tasarım ögeleri ile yüksek düzeyli olanları birbirinden ayırt etmeye olanak tanımaktadır. Araştırmada ayrıca, bir oyunun oyuncu ihtiyaçlarını ne ölçüde karşıladığına göre “güçlü” veya “zayıf” olarak değerlendirilebileceği katmanlı bir eleştiri formatı önerilmektedir. Bulgular, deneyimsel, estetik ve yaratıcı açıdan derinlikli oyunların, daha çok üst düzey insani ihtiyaçlarla örtüştüğünü ve bu nedenle oyuncuya daha zengin bir deneyim sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Makale, oyun tasarımcılarının oyuncu merkezli yaratıcı kararlar almasına yardımcı olabilecek, Maslow’un kuramına dayalı kuramsal bir model ve kavramsal bir araç sunarak sona ermektedir.

Ethical Statement

“Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisi ile Oyun Tasarımını Yeniden Düşünmek” başlıklı çalışmanın yazım sürecinde bilimsel kurallara, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulmuş; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmamış ve bu çalışma herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiştir. Etik kurulu izni gerektirecek bir çalışma değildir.

References

  • Bartle, R. (1996). Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. Journal of MUD Research, 1(1).
  • Beard, K. (2014). Theoretically Speaking: An Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on Flow Theory Development and Its Usefulness in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Education. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-014-9291-1.
  • Brandsma, J. (1989). The art of the psychotherapist By James F.T. Bugental. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987. $27.95. Clinical Psychology Review, 9(2), 262–263. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90034-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row.
  • Csíkszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Gitman, L.J., McDaniel, C., Shah, A., Reece, M., Koffel, L., Talsma, B., & Hyatt, J.C. (2020). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Gunasekare, U. L. T. P. (2016). Self determination theory (SDT): A review on SDT as a complementary theory of motivation. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 58. doi:10.4038/kjhrm.v11i1.28
  • Khasieva, M. (2024). Prospects for the development of educational computer games in the context of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi. Педагогика и просвещение. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454- 0676.2024.3.71124.
  • Lewis, J.A. (1996). Flow. The Family Journal, 4, 337 - 338.
  • Martela, F. (2020). Self‐Determination Theory. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Morgeson, F. P. (2021). Introduction. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8(1), i–ii. doi:10.1146/annurev-op-08-111720-100001
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
  • Mustofa, A. Z. (2022). Hierarchy of human needs: A humanistic psychology approach of Abraham Maslow. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 30–35. doi:10.30984/kijms.v3i2.282
  • Salen, K., & Zimmerman, E. (2004). Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press.
  • Salisbury, J., & Tomlinson, P. (2016). Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi's Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games. Trans. Digit. Games Res. Assoc., 2. https://doi.org/10.26503/TODIGRA.V2I2.34.
  • Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses. CRC Press.
  • Singh, T., & Behera, M. P. (2016). Application of the maslow’s hierarchy of need theory: Impacts and implications on employee’s career stages. Training & Development Journal, 7(2), 43. doi:10.5958/2231- 069x.2016.00007.x
  • Sonnenburg, S., & Primus, D. J. (2020). Flow. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 510–515). doi:10.1016/b978-0-12- 809324-5.23754-1
  • Zalenski, R. J., & Raspa, R. (2006). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1120–1127. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1120

Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 98 - 112, 23.10.2025

Abstract

This study explores the applicability of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to the field of digital game design. By reinterpreting each layer of the hierarchy—ranging from physiological needs to self-actualization—the research investigates how core human motivations are reflected in game mechanics, aesthetics, and systems. The methodology involves a conceptual analysis of each hierarchical layer, mapping them to design elements such as functional interfaces (physiological), save systems (safety), multiplayer modes (belonging), reward structures (esteem), and user-generated content or AI-driven narratives (self-actualization). Through this mapping, a comparative model is developed to differentiate between low-level and high-level design features. The study proposes a layered critique format to assess “strong” and “weak” games based on how comprehensively they address player needs. Findings suggest that games with higher experiential, aesthetic, and creative depth often align with upper-level human needs, providing a richer player experience. The article concludes by offering a theoretical model and a conceptual tool to support designers in making player-centric creative decisions guided by Maslow’s framework.

Ethical Statement

During the writing process of the study “Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” scientific rules, ethical and citation rules were followed. No falsification was made on the collected data and this study was not sent to any other academic publication medium for evaluation. Ethics Committee Permission is not required.

References

  • Bartle, R. (1996). Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: Players who suit MUDs. Journal of MUD Research, 1(1).
  • Beard, K. (2014). Theoretically Speaking: An Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on Flow Theory Development and Its Usefulness in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Education. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 353-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10648-014-9291-1.
  • Brandsma, J. (1989). The art of the psychotherapist By James F.T. Bugental. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987. $27.95. Clinical Psychology Review, 9(2), 262–263. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90034-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row.
  • Csíkszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Flow: The Classic Work on How to Achieve Happiness.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Gitman, L.J., McDaniel, C., Shah, A., Reece, M., Koffel, L., Talsma, B., & Hyatt, J.C. (2020). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Gunasekare, U. L. T. P. (2016). Self determination theory (SDT): A review on SDT as a complementary theory of motivation. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 58. doi:10.4038/kjhrm.v11i1.28
  • Khasieva, M. (2024). Prospects for the development of educational computer games in the context of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi. Педагогика и просвещение. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454- 0676.2024.3.71124.
  • Lewis, J.A. (1996). Flow. The Family Journal, 4, 337 - 338.
  • Martela, F. (2020). Self‐Determination Theory. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.
  • Morgeson, F. P. (2021). Introduction. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 8(1), i–ii. doi:10.1146/annurev-op-08-111720-100001
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
  • Mustofa, A. Z. (2022). Hierarchy of human needs: A humanistic psychology approach of Abraham Maslow. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 3(2), 30–35. doi:10.30984/kijms.v3i2.282
  • Salen, K., & Zimmerman, E. (2004). Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press.
  • Salisbury, J., & Tomlinson, P. (2016). Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi's Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games. Trans. Digit. Games Res. Assoc., 2. https://doi.org/10.26503/TODIGRA.V2I2.34.
  • Schell, J. (2008). The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses. CRC Press.
  • Singh, T., & Behera, M. P. (2016). Application of the maslow’s hierarchy of need theory: Impacts and implications on employee’s career stages. Training & Development Journal, 7(2), 43. doi:10.5958/2231- 069x.2016.00007.x
  • Sonnenburg, S., & Primus, D. J. (2020). Flow. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 510–515). doi:10.1016/b978-0-12- 809324-5.23754-1
  • Zalenski, R. J., & Raspa, R. (2006). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(5), 1120–1127. doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1120
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Gaming and Animation, Digital and Electronic Media Art, Visual Arts (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Volkan Davut Mengi 0000-0003-4803-7999

Early Pub Date October 23, 2025
Publication Date October 23, 2025
Submission Date April 3, 2025
Acceptance Date September 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı

Cite

APA Mengi, V. D. (2025). Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı), 98-112.
AMA Mengi VD. Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. MJSS. October 2025;14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı):98-112.
Chicago Mengi, Volkan Davut. “Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı (October 2025): 98-112.
EndNote Mengi VD (October 1, 2025) Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14 Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı 98–112.
IEEE V. D. Mengi, “Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”, MJSS, vol. 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, pp. 98–112, 2025.
ISNAD Mengi, Volkan Davut. “Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14/Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı (October2025), 98-112.
JAMA Mengi VD. Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. MJSS. 2025;14:98–112.
MLA Mengi, Volkan Davut. “Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 2025, pp. 98-112.
Vancouver Mengi VD. Reimagining Game Design Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. MJSS. 2025;14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı):98-112.

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