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Uluslararası Öğrencilerin Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişimi: Kurumsal Engeller ve Yapısal Çözüm İhtiyacı

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 218 - 234, 23.10.2025

Madina Konakbayeva , Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu

Abstract

Yükseköğretimin küreselleşmesiyle birlikte uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliği artmış, bu da öğrencilerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişim sorunlarını daha görünür kılmıştır. Bu çalışma, sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri (SDOH) çerçevesinde, sağlık sistemleri ve uluslararasılaşma politikaları farklı olan Türkiye ve Kazakistan’daki uluslararası öğrencilerin deneyimlerini karşılaştırmaktadır. Çeşitli disiplinlerden gelen 20 öğrenciyle (her ülkeden 10) yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler nitel karşılaştırmalı bir analizle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde beş temel engeli ortaya koymaktadır: ekonomik zorluklar, dil engeli, idari yetersizlikler, kültürel farklılıklar ve sağlık hizmetleri hakkında bilgi eksikliğidir. Türkiye’de devlet bursu alan öğrenciler kapsamlı sağlık sigortasına sahip olurken, kendi imkanlarıyla okuyan öğrenciler yüksek maliyetli özel sağlık sigortaları ve bürokratik engellerle karşılaşmakta ve kimi zaman tedavi için ülkelerine dönmektedir. Kazakistan’da düşük maliyetli özel sağlık sigortası yaygın olsa da öğrenciler dil engeli ve çeviri desteği eksikliği nedeniyle sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde güçlük yaşamaktadır. Her iki ülkede de sağlık hizmetlerine erişim konusunda yeterli oryantasyonun olmaması ve belirsiz prosedürler, öğrencilerin sağlık hizmetine ulaşımlarının geciktirmesine veya sağlık hizmetlerine erişmekten kaçınmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarıyla, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde bireysel uyum süreçlerine kıyasla yapısal koşulların belirleyici etkisinin altı çizilmiştir. Eşitsizliklerin azaltılması için çok dilli bilgilendirme, kapsayıcı sağlık sigortası programları ve sağlık okuryazarlığını güçlendiren uygulamalar önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Uluslararası Öğrenciler Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişim Göç Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri Uluslararası Öğrenci Hareketliliği

Ethical Statement

“Uluslararası Öğrencilerin Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişimi: Kurumsal Engeller ve Yapısal Çözüm İhtiyacı” başlıklı çalışmanın yazım sürecinde bilimsel kurallara, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulmuş; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmamış ve bu çalışma herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiştir. Gerekli olan etik kurul izinleri Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 23.10.2024 tarih ve 11 sayılı toplantısında alınmıştır (Araştırma kodu: 2024/399).

References

  • Atun, R. Aydın, S. Aran, M. Gürol, I. Chakraborty, S. Akdağ, R. (2014). Health-care reform in Türkiye: far from perfect. Lancet.
  • Balbus, J., Crimmins, A., Gamble, J. L., Easterling, D. R., Kunkel, K. E., Saha, S., & Sarofim, M. C. (2016). Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate Change and Human Health. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in The United States. https://doi.org/10.7930/j0vx0dfw
  • Beckfield, J. Olafsdottir, S. Sosnaud, B. (2013). Healthcare Systems in Comparative Perspective: Classification, Convergence, Institutions, Inequalities, and Five Missed Turns. Annual Review of Sociology 39, 1: 127-146.
  • Blouin, C. Chopra, M. van der Hoeven R. (2009). Trade and social determinants of health. Lancet 373: 5027.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2025). Internationalization strategy document in higher education 2024-2028. YÖK.
  • European Commission. (2013). Health inequalities in the EU Final report of a consortium. Consortium lead: Sir Michael Marmot, Health and Consumers. Health Inequalities in the EU. https://doi.org/10.2772/34426
  • Hossin, M. Z. (2020). International Migration and health: It Is Time to Go beyond Conventional Theoretical Frameworks. BMJ Global Health, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001938
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://emigratecaportuguesa.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1966-a-theory-of-migration.pdf
  • Link, B.G. Phelan, J.C. (1996). Editorial: understanding sociodemographic differences in health-the role of fundamental social causes. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:471-473.
  • Mackert, M. Koh, H.E. Mabry-Flynn, A. Champlin, S. Bea, A. (2017). Domestic and International College Students: Health Insurance Information Seeking and Use. ISSN: 2162-3104 Print/ ISSN: 2166-3750 Online Volume 7, Issue 3 (2017), pp. 542-561 © Journal of International Students.
  • Masai, A. N., Güçiz-Doğan, B., Ouma, P. N., Nyadera, I. N., & Ruto, V. K. (2021). Healthcare services utilization among international students in Ankara, Türkiye: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06301-x
  • Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025). Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment [Review of Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment]. Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment - Official Information Source of the Prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Ministry of Health of Republic of Türkiye. (2008). Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı İlerleme Raporu [Progress Report on the Health Transformation Program in Türkiye]. Ministry of Health Publication No: 749.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2020). Healthy People 2030. WHO. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm.
  • Official Information Source of the Prime minister of Republic of Kazakhstan. (2024). Half-Year Results: Development of Science and Higher Education, Research, and International Cooperation. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-polugodiya-razvitie-nauki-i-vysshego-obrazovaniya-issledovaniya-i-mezhdunarodnoe-sotrudnichestvo-28837
  • Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025) Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 405-V “On Mandatory Social Health Insurance” (as of October 16, 1995). PARAGRAPH Information System. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32908862
  • Phillips, S.P. (205 C.E.). “Defining and Measuring Gender: A Social Determinant of Health Whose Time Has Come.” Int J Equity Health, 4, 1–4. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm
  • Tang, C. Gui, X. Chen, Y. Magueramane, M. (2018). New to a Country: Barriers for International Students to Access Health Services and Opportunities for Design. Pervasive Health 18, NY, USA Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Titrek, O. Hashimi, S.H. Ali, A.S. Nguluma, H.F. (2016). “Challenges Faced by International Students in Türkiye”, Anthropologist, 24(1): 148-156.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2017). World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. WHO.

Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 218 - 234, 23.10.2025

Madina Konakbayeva , Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu

Abstract

The globalization of higher education has increased awareness of healthcare access issues by expanding international student mobility. This study examines the experiences of international students in Kazakhstan and Türkiye, guided by the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) framework as a guide. Twenty students from various disciplines participated in semi-structured interviews (10 in each country), and the results were analyzed using a qualitative comparative method. The study identifies five main obstacles to healthcare access: insufficient knowledge about medical services, administrative shortcomings, cultural differences, financial hardship, and language barriers. While self-funded students must endure expensive private insurance and administrative obstacles and occasionally travel back to their home countries for treatment, state-funded scholarship recipients in Türkiye benefit from comprehensive health insurance. In Kazakhstan, low-cost private health insurance is more common, but students frequently struggle with language barriers and the lack of translation support. In both countries, insufficient orientation and unclear procedures delay access to healthcare or discourage students from seeking it. These findings emphasize that structural conditions play a more decisive role in healthcare access than individual adjustment processes. The study suggests initiatives to improve international students' health literacy, inclusive insurance plans, and multilingual information provision as ways to reduce disparities.

Keywords

International Students Healthcare Access Migration Social Determinants of Health International Student Mobility

Ethical Statement

During the writing process of the study titled “Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan” scientific, ethical, and citation principles were followed. No falsification was made to the collected data, and this study has not been submitted to any other academic publication medium for evaluation. In addition, permission was obtained from the Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University of Ethics Committee (Date: 23/10/2024 and Meeting no: 11 and Research code 2024/399) to conduct the research.

References

  • Atun, R. Aydın, S. Aran, M. Gürol, I. Chakraborty, S. Akdağ, R. (2014). Health-care reform in Türkiye: far from perfect. Lancet.
  • Balbus, J., Crimmins, A., Gamble, J. L., Easterling, D. R., Kunkel, K. E., Saha, S., & Sarofim, M. C. (2016). Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate Change and Human Health. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in The United States. https://doi.org/10.7930/j0vx0dfw
  • Beckfield, J. Olafsdottir, S. Sosnaud, B. (2013). Healthcare Systems in Comparative Perspective: Classification, Convergence, Institutions, Inequalities, and Five Missed Turns. Annual Review of Sociology 39, 1: 127-146.
  • Blouin, C. Chopra, M. van der Hoeven R. (2009). Trade and social determinants of health. Lancet 373: 5027.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2025). Internationalization strategy document in higher education 2024-2028. YÖK.
  • European Commission. (2013). Health inequalities in the EU Final report of a consortium. Consortium lead: Sir Michael Marmot, Health and Consumers. Health Inequalities in the EU. https://doi.org/10.2772/34426
  • Hossin, M. Z. (2020). International Migration and health: It Is Time to Go beyond Conventional Theoretical Frameworks. BMJ Global Health, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001938
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://emigratecaportuguesa.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1966-a-theory-of-migration.pdf
  • Link, B.G. Phelan, J.C. (1996). Editorial: understanding sociodemographic differences in health-the role of fundamental social causes. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:471-473.
  • Mackert, M. Koh, H.E. Mabry-Flynn, A. Champlin, S. Bea, A. (2017). Domestic and International College Students: Health Insurance Information Seeking and Use. ISSN: 2162-3104 Print/ ISSN: 2166-3750 Online Volume 7, Issue 3 (2017), pp. 542-561 © Journal of International Students.
  • Masai, A. N., Güçiz-Doğan, B., Ouma, P. N., Nyadera, I. N., & Ruto, V. K. (2021). Healthcare services utilization among international students in Ankara, Türkiye: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06301-x
  • Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025). Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment [Review of Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment]. Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment - Official Information Source of the Prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Ministry of Health of Republic of Türkiye. (2008). Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı İlerleme Raporu [Progress Report on the Health Transformation Program in Türkiye]. Ministry of Health Publication No: 749.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2020). Healthy People 2030. WHO. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm.
  • Official Information Source of the Prime minister of Republic of Kazakhstan. (2024). Half-Year Results: Development of Science and Higher Education, Research, and International Cooperation. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-polugodiya-razvitie-nauki-i-vysshego-obrazovaniya-issledovaniya-i-mezhdunarodnoe-sotrudnichestvo-28837
  • Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025) Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 405-V “On Mandatory Social Health Insurance” (as of October 16, 1995). PARAGRAPH Information System. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32908862
  • Phillips, S.P. (205 C.E.). “Defining and Measuring Gender: A Social Determinant of Health Whose Time Has Come.” Int J Equity Health, 4, 1–4. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm
  • Tang, C. Gui, X. Chen, Y. Magueramane, M. (2018). New to a Country: Barriers for International Students to Access Health Services and Opportunities for Design. Pervasive Health 18, NY, USA Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Titrek, O. Hashimi, S.H. Ali, A.S. Nguluma, H.F. (2016). “Challenges Faced by International Students in Türkiye”, Anthropologist, 24(1): 148-156.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2017). World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. WHO.

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 218 - 234, 23.10.2025

Madina Konakbayeva , Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu

Abstract

References

  • Atun, R. Aydın, S. Aran, M. Gürol, I. Chakraborty, S. Akdağ, R. (2014). Health-care reform in Türkiye: far from perfect. Lancet.
  • Balbus, J., Crimmins, A., Gamble, J. L., Easterling, D. R., Kunkel, K. E., Saha, S., & Sarofim, M. C. (2016). Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate Change and Human Health. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in The United States. https://doi.org/10.7930/j0vx0dfw
  • Beckfield, J. Olafsdottir, S. Sosnaud, B. (2013). Healthcare Systems in Comparative Perspective: Classification, Convergence, Institutions, Inequalities, and Five Missed Turns. Annual Review of Sociology 39, 1: 127-146.
  • Blouin, C. Chopra, M. van der Hoeven R. (2009). Trade and social determinants of health. Lancet 373: 5027.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2025). Internationalization strategy document in higher education 2024-2028. YÖK.
  • European Commission. (2013). Health inequalities in the EU Final report of a consortium. Consortium lead: Sir Michael Marmot, Health and Consumers. Health Inequalities in the EU. https://doi.org/10.2772/34426
  • Hossin, M. Z. (2020). International Migration and health: It Is Time to Go beyond Conventional Theoretical Frameworks. BMJ Global Health, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001938
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://emigratecaportuguesa.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1966-a-theory-of-migration.pdf
  • Link, B.G. Phelan, J.C. (1996). Editorial: understanding sociodemographic differences in health-the role of fundamental social causes. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:471-473.
  • Mackert, M. Koh, H.E. Mabry-Flynn, A. Champlin, S. Bea, A. (2017). Domestic and International College Students: Health Insurance Information Seeking and Use. ISSN: 2162-3104 Print/ ISSN: 2166-3750 Online Volume 7, Issue 3 (2017), pp. 542-561 © Journal of International Students.
  • Masai, A. N., Güçiz-Doğan, B., Ouma, P. N., Nyadera, I. N., & Ruto, V. K. (2021). Healthcare services utilization among international students in Ankara, Türkiye: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06301-x
  • Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025). Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment [Review of Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment]. Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment - Official Information Source of the Prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Ministry of Health of Republic of Türkiye. (2008). Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı İlerleme Raporu [Progress Report on the Health Transformation Program in Türkiye]. Ministry of Health Publication No: 749.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2020). Healthy People 2030. WHO. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm.
  • Official Information Source of the Prime minister of Republic of Kazakhstan. (2024). Half-Year Results: Development of Science and Higher Education, Research, and International Cooperation. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-polugodiya-razvitie-nauki-i-vysshego-obrazovaniya-issledovaniya-i-mezhdunarodnoe-sotrudnichestvo-28837
  • Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025) Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 405-V “On Mandatory Social Health Insurance” (as of October 16, 1995). PARAGRAPH Information System. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32908862
  • Phillips, S.P. (205 C.E.). “Defining and Measuring Gender: A Social Determinant of Health Whose Time Has Come.” Int J Equity Health, 4, 1–4. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm
  • Tang, C. Gui, X. Chen, Y. Magueramane, M. (2018). New to a Country: Barriers for International Students to Access Health Services and Opportunities for Design. Pervasive Health 18, NY, USA Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Titrek, O. Hashimi, S.H. Ali, A.S. Nguluma, H.F. (2016). “Challenges Faced by International Students in Türkiye”, Anthropologist, 24(1): 148-156.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2017). World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. WHO.

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 218 - 234, 23.10.2025

Madina Konakbayeva , Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu

Abstract

References

  • Atun, R. Aydın, S. Aran, M. Gürol, I. Chakraborty, S. Akdağ, R. (2014). Health-care reform in Türkiye: far from perfect. Lancet.
  • Balbus, J., Crimmins, A., Gamble, J. L., Easterling, D. R., Kunkel, K. E., Saha, S., & Sarofim, M. C. (2016). Ch. 1: Introduction: Climate Change and Human Health. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in The United States. https://doi.org/10.7930/j0vx0dfw
  • Beckfield, J. Olafsdottir, S. Sosnaud, B. (2013). Healthcare Systems in Comparative Perspective: Classification, Convergence, Institutions, Inequalities, and Five Missed Turns. Annual Review of Sociology 39, 1: 127-146.
  • Blouin, C. Chopra, M. van der Hoeven R. (2009). Trade and social determinants of health. Lancet 373: 5027.
  • Council of Higher Education. (2025). Internationalization strategy document in higher education 2024-2028. YÖK.
  • European Commission. (2013). Health inequalities in the EU Final report of a consortium. Consortium lead: Sir Michael Marmot, Health and Consumers. Health Inequalities in the EU. https://doi.org/10.2772/34426
  • Hossin, M. Z. (2020). International Migration and health: It Is Time to Go beyond Conventional Theoretical Frameworks. BMJ Global Health, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001938
  • Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://emigratecaportuguesa.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1966-a-theory-of-migration.pdf
  • Link, B.G. Phelan, J.C. (1996). Editorial: understanding sociodemographic differences in health-the role of fundamental social causes. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:471-473.
  • Mackert, M. Koh, H.E. Mabry-Flynn, A. Champlin, S. Bea, A. (2017). Domestic and International College Students: Health Insurance Information Seeking and Use. ISSN: 2162-3104 Print/ ISSN: 2166-3750 Online Volume 7, Issue 3 (2017), pp. 542-561 © Journal of International Students.
  • Masai, A. N., Güçiz-Doğan, B., Ouma, P. N., Nyadera, I. N., & Ruto, V. K. (2021). Healthcare services utilization among international students in Ankara, Türkiye: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06301-x
  • Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025). Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment [Review of Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment]. Kazakhstan expands support measures for education and youth employment - Official Information Source of the Prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • Ministry of Health of Republic of Türkiye. (2008). Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı İlerleme Raporu [Progress Report on the Health Transformation Program in Türkiye]. Ministry of Health Publication No: 749.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. (2020). Healthy People 2030. WHO. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm.
  • Official Information Source of the Prime minister of Republic of Kazakhstan. (2024). Half-Year Results: Development of Science and Higher Education, Research, and International Cooperation. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-polugodiya-razvitie-nauki-i-vysshego-obrazovaniya-issledovaniya-i-mezhdunarodnoe-sotrudnichestvo-28837
  • Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025) Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 405-V “On Mandatory Social Health Insurance” (as of October 16, 1995). PARAGRAPH Information System. https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32908862
  • Phillips, S.P. (205 C.E.). “Defining and Measuring Gender: A Social Determinant of Health Whose Time Has Come.” Int J Equity Health, 4, 1–4. www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm
  • Tang, C. Gui, X. Chen, Y. Magueramane, M. (2018). New to a Country: Barriers for International Students to Access Health Services and Opportunities for Design. Pervasive Health 18, NY, USA Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Titrek, O. Hashimi, S.H. Ali, A.S. Nguluma, H.F. (2016). “Challenges Faced by International Students in Türkiye”, Anthropologist, 24(1): 148-156.
  • World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2017). World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. WHO.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Education Policy, Specialist Studies in Education (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Madina Konakbayeva 0009-0005-6632-5646

Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu 0000-0002-1344-3244

Early Pub Date October 23, 2025
Publication Date October 23, 2025
Submission Date September 1, 2025
Acceptance Date October 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı

Cite

APA Konakbayeva, M., & Hatipoğlu, S. S. (2025). Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı), 218-234.
AMA Konakbayeva M, Hatipoğlu SS. Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan. MJSS. October 2025;14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı):218-234.
Chicago Konakbayeva, Madina, and Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu. “Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı (October 2025): 218-34.
EndNote Konakbayeva M, Hatipoğlu SS (October 1, 2025) Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14 Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı 218–234.
IEEE M. Konakbayeva and S. S. Hatipoğlu, “Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan”, MJSS, vol. 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, pp. 218–234, 2025.
ISNAD Konakbayeva, Madina - Hatipoğlu, Serra Sevde. “Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14/Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı (October2025), 218-234.
JAMA Konakbayeva M, Hatipoğlu SS. Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan. MJSS. 2025;14:218–234.
MLA Konakbayeva, Madina and Serra Sevde Hatipoğlu. “Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 14, no. Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı, 2025, pp. 218-34.
Vancouver Konakbayeva M, Hatipoğlu SS. Structural Challenges to Healthcare Access: A Comparative Analysis of International Students in Türkiye and Kazakhstan. MJSS. 2025;14(Eğitim Bilimleri Ek Sayısı):218-34.
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