Authorship gives credit, assigns responsibility, and implies academic, social, and financial accountability for the published work. Those who substantially contributed to a paper are credited as authors, understand, and take on their roles and responsibilities, and are held accountable for published research.
The journal’s definition of authorship is based on the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:
Those who met all four criteria are identified as authors. In addition, responsibilities of co-authors for specific aspects of the work must be indicated. Please see the "Authorship information" section for details on how to indicate these responsibilities in the manuscript.
If the manuscript is authored by a large group or a consortium, all the members should meet all four authorship criteria. The corresponding author(s) must specify the group name and group members in line with the disclosure agreements.
For more information on how to acknowledge non-author contributors, equal contributors and corresponding author and other acknowledgements, please see the following sections and “Author information” section.
Those who do not meet all the above-mentioned criteria are not qualified as authors, however, those who met at least one of the criteria should be acknowledged as non-author contributor and their contribution should be specified in the “Acknowledgements Section” section of the Title Page. For more information on non-author contributions, please see: https://www.icmje.org. Non-author contributions include but are not limited to the administrative support, general supervision, acquisition of funding, technical editing, language editing and proofreading. Non-author contributions should be specified and indicated in the title page on submission.
Authorship status and authors who contributed to the work equally should be indicated when submitting multi-author articles. Accordingly, authorship status and equal contributions are defined as follows:
The corresponding author is the designated author handling all correspondence with the journal, from submission to publication processes, on behalf of the authors. The corresponding authors are responsible for complying with the journal's administrative requirements, providing the necessary information and documents, including authorship details, contact details, ethics committee approval, registration documents, and signing publication agreements.
A cover letter is required for all submissions, regardless of the article type. The cover letter is important to help the Editor in their preliminary evaluation. The submitting author will be asked to write or paste their cover letter in a designated place in the online submission system (It will not be uploaded as a separate file). Here, please indicate why you think the paper is suitable for publication in the Medical Journal of Western Black Sea. Statements that the manuscript has not been previously published, is not under consideration by another journal, and that all authors have approved the submission of this version of the manuscript and take full responsibility for the manuscript must be provided. If the work has been previously presented, or published as an abstract or pre-print, please indicate so in the cover letter and provide details on the title page (see below). If generative artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in any part of the production of the work, this should also be declared both in the cover letter and in the appropriate parts of the submitted files (see the related section below for details).
All
submissions to the Western Black Sea Medical Journal must be original works
that have not been previously published and are not under consideration by
another journal.
Authors should select the article type in accordance with the general
structural principles outlined below.
The main text (excluding supplementary materials) must not exceed 30
pages. The title page, abstract, keywords, tables, figures, footnotes, and
references are included in this limit.
Research articles should contain original findings that make a scientific contribution within the scope defined in the Aims and Scope section of the journal.
A structured abstract (maximum 250 words) must be provided under the following subheadings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
At least three and no more than six keywords should follow the abstract.
The main sections of the main text must be structured as follows:
Introduction
The Main Text must include the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, References, Figures, Tables, and Appendices (if applicable).
Case reports aim to present rare or clinically significant cases that provide unique insights into clinical observations, diagnostic approaches, or treatment methods.
The abstract should be unstructured and not exceed 250 words, followed by three to six keywords.
Case reports should be organized as follows:
Introduction
The Main Text must include the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Case Presentation, Discussion, Conclusion, References, Figures, Tables, Appendices (if applicable).
Review articles should provide a critical synthesis of existing literature on a specific topic, highlighting current developments and research trends in the field.
The abstract should be unstructured, not exceeding 250 words, followed by three to six keywords.
Reviews should be structured as follows:
Introduction
The Main Text must include the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review and Thematic Analysis, Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations, References, Figures, Tables, Appendices (if applicable).
Letters to the Editor are brief academic communications intended to comment on, critique, or supplement a recently published article, or to share concise perspectives on relevant scientific issues. Such letters aim to encourage scholarly discussion or highlight important considerations. They should not contain original data but must present evidence-based and literature-supported arguments.
Letters
should not exceed 1,000 words and must maintain a clear focus.
The content should begin with a reference to the relevant article, summarize
the main commentary or critique, and conclude with a concise statement
emphasizing the key message. If tables or figures are included (maximum of
two), they should be concise and explanatory. Ethical approval is generally not
required unless patient data or unpublished data are presented, in which case
an ethical statement must be provided. Authors should use respectful, academic
language and avoid personal criticism.
Letters to the Editor may be subjected to editorial or peer review at the editor’s discretion.
Prior to submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors are strongly encouraged to carefully review the Manuscript Formatting Guidelines.
Manuscripts should be submitted to the Journal's online submission system by the corresponding author.
The manuscripts should comply with the following format requirements.
All submissions should include following documents:
Manuscripts should be typed using Calibri font 12 pt. and double spacing throughout the text (Also for abstracts, footnotes and references).
Authors must be declared at the time of submission and in the publication. Authors are responsible for the correct declaration of their names. Exact and correct names of the authors should be given on the title page of the submission, listed together, and separated by comas.
The following information should be keyed to the authors’ names and placed on the footer of the title page for EACH AUTHOR:
e.g. Jane Doe1*, John Smith2, Ayşe Yılmaz1, Ahmet Yılmaz3
1. Department, Institute or Faculty, University, City, Country
2. …
3. …
Email (in the order of authors)
1. jane@edu.tr
2. …
ORCiD (in the order of authors)
1. https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000
2. …
The corresponding author should be marked with an asterisk (*) in the author list.
e.g.: Ayşe Yılmaz1,+, Levent Doğan2,+, Gündüz Kaya3,@, Güler Erdoğan1,*,@
It is recommended to divide your manuscripts into the sections detailed below. However, heading and subheading can differ according to the subject area, the type of manuscript and research itself.
All
submissions to the journal (except Letters to the Editor) must be accompanied
by 3 to 5 “Highlights.”
Highlights should present the most important findings of the study and
emphasize the core message of the manuscript in a clear and concise manner.
Guidelines for preparing Highlights:
Including Highlights improves the visibility of the manuscript’s essential message and allows readers to identify the key findings at a glance.
Title page should include the following information and sections:
Anonymized blind manuscript of an research article should include the following sections: (The structures of the other article types should be modified as explained above.)
The title of the study should reflect the content clearly and be precise. Titles should not exceed two lines and should be in sentence case capitalization, except for proper nouns. Titles should not include abbreviations or acronyms.
A short running title with at most 70 characters (including spaces) should also be provided to print at the top of every other page of the final published article.
Abstracts include the aim of the study, its scope, method, main findings, and results, briefly and clearly. Abstracts should not include non-standard abbreviations. Abstracts longer than 350 words are not accepted.
Keywords increase the discoverability of articles. Authors should select 3-6 keywords that reflect the scope of the article. The selection of keywords should be from MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). The authors can easily select the keywords of the manuscript from the MeSH on Demand homepage (https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov).
e.g. Keywords: Conflict resolution, ingroup favouritism, social identity.
Acknowledgments should be extended to those individuals or institutions whose contributions to the study were limited or minimal. Acknowledgements, if given, should be a brief statement on the title page.
Author’s contribution should be explained in the title page as in the example. Initials of the authors must be in compliance with the following templates:
e.g. For original article and case report: The author(s) confirm(s) contribution to the paper as follows: Study conception and design: XX, YY; data collection: YY; analysis and interpretation of results: XX, YY, ZZ; draft manuscript preparation: YY, ZZ. The author(s) reviewed the results and approved the final version of the article.
e.g. For review: The author(s) confirm(s) contribution to the paper as follows: Review conception and design: XX; literature review: XX; draft manuscript preparation: XX. The author(s) reviewed the results and approved the final version of the article.
When submitting the manuscript to the Journal, information about author contribution should be included in the title page. As stated above, the author contribution statement should comply with the authorship criteria recommendations of the ICMJE.
Studies that require ethics committee approval should include a statement regarding Ethics Committee Approval in the Methods section of the main document and on the title page.
In the Methods section (which is in the blind main manuscript file), it is imperative to ensure de-identification of any relevant identifying information within the ethics committee approval prior to submission (eg. The study was approved by the XXX Ethics Committee).
The title page must include information on the name of the ethics committee, and date and number of the ethics committee approval (eg. The study was approved by Hacettepe University Ethics Committee (date: 01.01.2024, number: 2024-01). For case reports and for studies requiring informed consent, whether it was obtained should also be declared here.
We do not require, so please do not send a copy of the ethics committee approval.
Authors should declare any potential conflict of interest in the title page. There may be a conflict of interest when authors (or their employer, sponsor, or family/friends) have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional connection with other organizations or those working with them that could impact the research or the way the results are interpreted. Therefore, authors have to declare financial, commercial, legal or professional competing interests in their title page. If there is no conflict of interest, authors also must declare it in their title page using the standard wording below:
“The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to disclose.”
For more information on publishing ethics policies and conflicts of interest, please see "Research and Publication Ethics" section.
Authors are required to disclose all funding and financial support received during the development of the study. Authors should indicate this in the title page using the standard wording below:
Everything cited in your manuscript must be included in the reference list, and everything in the reference list must be cited in your manuscript.
In the text, tables, and legends, indicate citations in parentheses with numerals at the end of the sentence (before the full stop). Reference numbers must be given in sequential order throughout the manuscript.
In the reference list, list all authors up to 6; if more than 6, list the first 6 authors followed by “et al.” Journal names should be abbreviated in accordance with the NLM Catalog style. References must be formatted as shown in the examples below, in line with the NLM Style Guide. First and last page numbers should be written in full, and a full stop should be placed after the journal abbreviation. Please check the examples below and a recent issue of the journal.
Authors are directly responsible for the accuracy of citations and for compliance with the specified reference and citation style. The use of reference management tools such as Zotero, Endnote, and Mendeley is strongly recommended.
In-text citation examples:
Many studies have reported that the treatment was ineffective (1,5,8).
Weber et al. (16) reported that...
...many studies on discipline, profession, and management (1-4) reported that...
Reference list examples:
Journal article (1-6 authors):
Jun BC, Song SW, Park CS, Lee DH, Cho KJ, Cho JH. The analysis of maxillary sinus aeration according to aging process: volume assessment by 3-dimensional reconstruction by high-resolutional CT scanning. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132(3):429-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.11.012
Journal article (More than 6 authors):
Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, Hardisty R, Erven A, Gray IC, et al. Towards a mutant map of the mouse--new models of neurological, behavioural, deafness, bone, renal and blood disorders. Genetica. 2004;122(1):47-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-004-1930-x
References to books:
Eyre HJ, Lange DP, Morris LB. Informed decisions: the complete book of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. 2nd ed. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2002.
References to chapters in books:
Rojko JL, Hardy WD Jr. Feline leukemia virus and other retroviruses. In: Sherding RG, editor. The cat: diseases and clinical management. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1989:229-332.
Thesis:
Evans PR. Motor and sensory function of the upper digestive tract in health and in irritable bowel syndrome [master’s thesis/dissertation]. Sydney, NSW: University of Sydney; 1998.
Conference paper:
Passey M, Gale J, Stirling J, Sanson-Fisher R. Caring for pregnant Aboriginal women: provider views on managing tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use. Paper presented at: 2017 Primary Health Care Research Conference, 2017 Aug 7-9; Brisbane.
Web page:
National Cancer Institute. SEER: cancer stat facts: larynx cancer [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Feb 10]. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/laryn.html
Visual elements such as tables, figures and diagrams must be referred in the body text. Tables and figures should be small and simple, and numbered in the order of appearance in the body text, and placed at the end of the main manuscript file. Each should be numbered and have a clear descriptive title. If visual elements are not created by the authors, they should be cited and added to the references.
Figures should be in vector format (Illustrator, EPS, WMF, FreeHand, CorelDraw, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.) or bitmap format (Photoshop, TIFF, PNG, JPG, etc.). Figures presented in bitmap formats should be at least 600 DPI resolution. Figures, tables, and graphs must contain self-explanatory labels and unit tags for each parameter or axis.
Tables should be generated using drawing tools of programs such as Microsoft Word, Google Docs, LibreOffice. Each data should be given in separate table cells, and no insertions such as enter or spaces should be made. Tables should be editable and should not contain images. Tables should be self-explanatory and supplement, not duplicate the text. The table footnote must contain full terms of all of the abbreviations used in the table.
If the diagrams include a picture or a visual that cannot be edited it should be transferred into Word with 600 DPI resolution and the original diagram should be included in the manuscript.
Tables and Figures should be numbered consecutively and accompanied by a title above the table or figure. All tables and figures should not exceed 16x20 cm in size. Avoid using vertical lines in tables.
Additional lists, tables, graphics and etc. should be given separately at the end of the manuscript. Each appendix should be numbered and titled.
e.g. Appendix 1 – List of Data Collection Tool.
Electronic supplementary materials:
Certain information not suitable for including in the printed form of the article, or multimedia files (animation, audio, video etc.) can be submitted as electronic supplementary materials (ESM). Standard file formats should be used for materials intended for electronic publication: Spreadsheets as .xlsx or .csv files, images as .jpeg or .tiff files, audio and video as .avi, .wmv, .mp4, .mov, .m2p, .mp2, .mpg, or .mpeg. Text and presentations should be submitted as .pdf files; .doc, .docx, .ppt, .pptx files are not acceptable. Multiple figures, texts or tables etc. may be combined in a .pdf file if needed. Multiple files can be collected and compressed as a .zip or .rar file. Electronic supplementary materials should be numbered consecutively as ESM_1.pdf, ESM_2.xlsx, ESM_3.avi, ESM_4.rar, etc. and the main text of the manuscript must mention all the numbered electronic supplementary materials in order, similar to printed tables and figures (eg. “The patient had vertical supranuclear gaze palsy (Electronic Supplementary Material 1)”). At the end of the main manuscript file, after the figure legends, the authors should include a caption for each of the electronic supplementary files. Please note that 1) the Journal does not host a data repository for all raw research data to be uploaded; 2) large files may take too long to download or cause other problems and hamper user experience; and 3) supplementary materials will be published online as received without reformatting, editing or conversion to another file. The size of each supplementary file may not exceed 128 MB. If you need to upload larger files, please contact the editorial office (medjwestblacksea@gmail.com). Works cited in the electronic supplementary materials should also be cited and numbered in the text of the main document, and listed in the reference list.
For clarity and consistency in formulas and equations, please follow these guidelines:
e.g. "...the model, as depicted in Equation 1."
Medical Journal of Western Black Sea complies with the current ICMJE and COPE guidelines, and acknowledges the guidance of the Turkish Council of Higher Education in the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technology.
At submission, the authors must disclose whether they used AI-assisted technologies (such as Large Language Models [LLMs], chatbots [eg. ChatGPT], machine learning, image creators or similar technologies) in any part of the production of the submitted work. If they did, they must confirm that they take responsibility for the integrity of the generated content. Disclosure of AI use must include the name and manufacturer of the AI tool, the date(s) of use, and how it was used in relation to the manuscript. Authors who use these tools should describe how and where they used them, and to what extent.
If AI was used for writing assistance, this should be stated on the Title Page as a separate declaration. The authors should fill in the designated parts on our title page template.
If AI was used for data collection, analysis, or figure generation, this should be described in detail in the Materials and Methods section. It is appropriate to use AI in the collection or analysis of data only if this methodology has already been approved by an ethics board (for studies requiring ethical approval).
In either case, the use of AI should also be declared in the cover letter.
AI-assisted tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, cannot determine the presence of conflicts of interest, and these responsibilities are required for authorship (see above, Authorship Criteria). Similarly, AI should not be cited as an author.
Before using any AI-assisted technology, authors should understand how it works, and its potential risks. Authors should carefully review and edit any AI output because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that may be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. AI can use a wide variety of data as input, and produce output that may be hard to trace back to its original source. Mere declaration of the use of AI is not enough to avoid legal or ethical violations, including plagiarism. Authors must be able to assert that AI has been used within the extent of applicable laws, and that there is no plagiarism in their paper, including in the text and images completely or partly produced by the AI tool. Authors are responsible for all aspects of any submitted material that includes the use of AI-assisted technologies.
Medical Journal of Western Black Sea runs plagiarism and AI-use checks on all accepted manuscripts prior to publication. We discourage large-scale use of AI-assisted technology to the extent that the original human contribution to the work is brought to question (eg. large portions of text written almost completely by AI). Failure to properly disclose the use of AI-assisted technology at submission, both in the cover letter and in the appropriate part of either the title page (for writing assistance) or the main document (for methodology) as described above may result in the reversal of the acceptance decision, or in the retraction of a published manuscript.
This does not include basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc.
Post-Acceptance Publication Process
Manuscripts that have successfully completed the peer-review process and have been accepted for publication are taken into the layout (typesetting) stage in accordance with the journal’s publication schedule. Articles whose layout has been completed are published based on editorial planning, issue capacity, and technical requirements.
An article that has been taken into layout may not necessarily be published in the immediately following issue.
Authors will be informed by the editorial office regarding the final issue and publication date of their manuscripts.
Language Editing
Medical Journal of Western Black Sea publishes in both Turkish and English. Manuscripts can be submitted in either Turkish or English. The submitted manuscript should comply with the grammar and spelling rules of the chosen language, the relevant scientific literature, and meet language standards for publication.
Editors may ask authors for language editing and proofreading. Accepted articles can be published only after the language editing and proofreading requests are met.