GELİR DAĞILIMININ MAKROEKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

1980’li yıllar sonrasında Neo-liberal politikaların uygulanması ile birlikte özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, gelir dağılımı eşitsizlikleri görülmeye başlanmıştır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde gelir dağılımının belirleyicilerinin saptanması ve oluşturulacak politikalarda bu belirleyicilerin göz önüne alınması gerekir.  Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de gelir dağılımının belirleyicilerinin saptanması amacı doğrultusunda, 1980-2013 yılları arasındaki veriler zaman serisi analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca sektörel ve bölgesel olarak ücret eşitsizliklerinin nedenleri de sorgulanmıştır. Hacker ve Hatemi’nin yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen nedensellik analizinde kişi başına düşen gelir, enflasyon oranı, dışa açıklık oranı ve kamu harcamaları, dış borç faiz ödemeleri modele açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak eklenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre enflasyon ve gelir dağılımı eşitliği arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmıştır. Türkiye’deki enflasyon olgusu ise bölgesel ve sektörel gelir eşitsizliğinin nedenidir. Dış borç faiz ödemelerinden ülkedeki gelir dağılımına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi söz konusudur. Son olarak elde edilen bölgesel gelir eşitsizliğinin ekonomik büyümenin nedeni olabileceği ve ayrıca ekonomik büyüme ile birlikte sektörel gelir eşitsizliğinin oluşabileceği söylenebilir. 

Keywords

• Gelir dağılımı,Büyüme,Enflasyon,Dışa açıklık

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