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ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 39, 320 - 340, 23.10.2017

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının Facebook
kullanımına ilişkin geliştirilen teorik modelin test edilmesi ile örtük
değişkenler arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkilerin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma
2013-2014 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Adnan Menderes, Ankara ve Kocaeli
Üniversitelerinin Eğitim Fakültelerinde 3. ve 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören 458
kadın, 199 erkek olmak üzere toplam 657 öğretmen adayı ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında 1=hiçbir zaman ve 5=çok sık
olacak şekilde katılımcıların Facebook etkinliklerinin sıklığını belirleyen ve
5’li likert tipinde puanlanan 21 maddelik anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anketin
geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda günlük etkinlik, paylaşım, merak,
oyun, grup ve sosyal boyutlarına ulaşılmıştır. Yapı geçerliliğinin ardından
örtük değişkenlerle yol analizi yapılmış ve Facebook’ta yapılan günlük
etkinliklerin Merak, Grup ve Sosyal boyutlarını, bu üç boyutun da Paylaşım
boyutunu ne düzeyde yordadığı incelenmiştir. Günlük etkinliklerin Sosyal boyutu
%20, Grup boyutunu %36 ve Merak boyutunu %44 oranında yordadığı görülmüştür.
Merak, Grup ve Sosyal boyutlarının üçü birlikte, öğretmen adaylarının Facebook
paylaşımlarını %60 oranında açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Günlük
etkinlikler ile paylaşım değişkeni arasındaki aracılık rolü incelendiğinde ise
sadece merak değişkeninin günlük etkinlikler ile paylaşım değişkeni arasında
tam aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. 

References

  • Akar, E. (2010). Sanal Toplulukların Bir Türü Olarak Sosyal Ağ Siteleri – Bir Pazarlama İletişimi Kanalı Olarak İşleyişi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 107-122.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289–1295. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.018
  • Arteaga Sánchez, R., Cortijo, V., & Javed, U. (2014). Students’ perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers and Education, 70, 138–149. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.012
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Shamim, A. (2013). Malaysian Facebookers: Motives and addictive behaviours unraveled. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1342–1349. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.010
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator Mediator Variable Distinction In Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Bazarova, N. N. & Choi, Y. H. (2014). Self-Disclosure in Social Media: Extending the Functional Approach to Disclosure Motivations and Characteristics on Social Network Sites. Journal of Communication, 64, 635-657.
  • Blachnio, A., Prezepiorka, A., Boruch, W. & Balakier, E. (2016). Self-presentation styles, privacy and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in young people. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 26–31. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.051
  • Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393
  • Bobkowski, P., & Smith, J. (2013). Social media divide: Characteristics of emerging adults who do not use social network websites. Media, Culture & Society, 35, 771–781. doi:10.1177/0163443713491517
  • Chang, C. C. (2013). Examining users’ intention to contuniue using social network games: Aflow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30, 311–321. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2010.07.028
  • Chen, K-H., Shen, K.-S., & Ma, M-Y. (2012). The functional and usable appeal of Facebook SNS games. Internet Research, 22(4), 467–481. doi:10.1108/ 10662241211250999
  • Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.-Y., & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337–1343. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.006
  • Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J. P., Horn, A. K., & Hughes, B. N. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 83–108. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x
  • Di Capua, I. (2012). A Literature Review of Reseach on Facebook Use. The Open Communication Journal, 6, 37-42.
  • Gangadharbatla, H. (2008). Facebook Me. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), 5–15. doi:10.1080/15252019.2008.10722138
  • Hampton, K. N., Goulet, L. S., Marlow, C., & Rainie, L. (2012). Why most Facebook users get more than they give: The effect of Facebook `power users’ on everybody else. http://pewinternet.org (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.202017)
  • Hew, K. F. (2011). Students’ and teachers' use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 662–676. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.020
  • Hollenbaugh, E. E., & Ferris, A. L. (2014). Facebook self-disclosure: Examining the role of traits, social cohesion, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.055
  • Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers and Education, 58(1), 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.004
  • Jung, E. H., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Senior citizens on Facebook:How do they interact and why?. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.080
  • Kwak, K. T., Choi, S. K., & Lee, B. G. (2014). SNS flow, SNS self-disclosure and post hoc interpersonal relations change: Focused on Korean Facebook user. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 294–304. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.046
  • Kwon, O., & Wen, Y. (2010). An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 254–263. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.04.011
  • Kwon, M-W., D’Angelo, J. & McLeod D., M. (2013). Facebook Use and Social Capital: To Bond, To Bridge, or to Escape. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 33(1), 35-43.
  • Lampe, C., Wohn, D. Y., Vitak, J., Ellison, N., B. & Wash, R. (2011). Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 6, 329-347.
  • Lee, Y., & Wohn, Y, D. (2012). Are there cultural differences in how we play? Examining cultural effects on playing social nerwork games. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1307–1314. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.014
  • Ledbetter, a. M., Mazer, J. P., DeGroot, J. M., Meyer, K. R., Yuping Mao, & Swafford, B. (2011). Attitudes Toward Online Social Connection and Self-Disclosure as Predictors of Facebook Communication and Relational Closeness. Communication Research, 38, 27–53. doi:10.1177/0093650210365537
  • Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., Gonzalez, M., Wimmer, A., & Christakis, N. (2008). Tastes, ties, and time: A new social network dataset using Facebook.com. Social Networks, 30(4), 330–342. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2008.07.002
  • Ljepava, N., Orr, R. R., Locke, S., & Ross, C. (2013). Personality and social characteristics of Facebook non-users and frequent users. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1602–1607. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.026
  • Lin, K. Y., & Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152–1161. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
  • Mantymaki, M., & Islam, N. (2016). The Janus face of Facebook: Positive and negative sides of social networking site use. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.078
  • Masur, P. K., Reinecke, L., Ziegele, M., & Quiring, O. (2014). Computers in Human Behavior The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 376–386. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.047
  • McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2359–2365. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.007
  • Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 243–249. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
  • Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting, and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240–249. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.024
  • Okur, D. & Özkul, M. (2015). Modern iletişimin arayüzü: Sanal iletişim sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin toplumsal ilişki kurma biçimlerine etkisi (Facebook örneği). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 213–246.
  • Paavilainen, J., Hamari, J.,Stenros, J., & Kinnunen, J. (2013). Social network games: Players’ perpectives. Simulation & Gaming, 44(6), 794–820. doi:10.1177/ 046878113514808
  • Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–238. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
  • Prescott, J., Wilson, S. & Becket, G. (2013). Facebook use in the learning environment: do students want this?. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(3), 345-350.
  • Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004
  • Sheldon, P. (2008). Student favorite: Facebook and motives for its uses. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 23, 39–53. doi:10.1080/03634520216511
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing “true self” on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1510–1517. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.018
  • Tufekci, Z. (2008). Grooming, gossip, Facebook and Myspace. Information, Communication & Society, 11(4), 544–564. doi:10.1080/ 13691180801999050
  • Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203–220. doi:10.1177/1745691612442904
Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 39, 320 - 340, 23.10.2017

Abstract

References

  • Akar, E. (2010). Sanal Toplulukların Bir Türü Olarak Sosyal Ağ Siteleri – Bir Pazarlama İletişimi Kanalı Olarak İşleyişi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 107-122.
  • Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289–1295. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.018
  • Arteaga Sánchez, R., Cortijo, V., & Javed, U. (2014). Students’ perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers and Education, 70, 138–149. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.012
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Shamim, A. (2013). Malaysian Facebookers: Motives and addictive behaviours unraveled. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1342–1349. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.010
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator Mediator Variable Distinction In Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Bazarova, N. N. & Choi, Y. H. (2014). Self-Disclosure in Social Media: Extending the Functional Approach to Disclosure Motivations and Characteristics on Social Network Sites. Journal of Communication, 64, 635-657.
  • Blachnio, A., Prezepiorka, A., Boruch, W. & Balakier, E. (2016). Self-presentation styles, privacy and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in young people. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 26–31. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.051
  • Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393
  • Bobkowski, P., & Smith, J. (2013). Social media divide: Characteristics of emerging adults who do not use social network websites. Media, Culture & Society, 35, 771–781. doi:10.1177/0163443713491517
  • Chang, C. C. (2013). Examining users’ intention to contuniue using social network games: Aflow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30, 311–321. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2010.07.028
  • Chen, K-H., Shen, K.-S., & Ma, M-Y. (2012). The functional and usable appeal of Facebook SNS games. Internet Research, 22(4), 467–481. doi:10.1108/ 10662241211250999
  • Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.-Y., & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337–1343. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.006
  • Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J. P., Horn, A. K., & Hughes, B. N. (2009). Facebook and online privacy: Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 83–108. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x
  • Di Capua, I. (2012). A Literature Review of Reseach on Facebook Use. The Open Communication Journal, 6, 37-42.
  • Gangadharbatla, H. (2008). Facebook Me. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), 5–15. doi:10.1080/15252019.2008.10722138
  • Hampton, K. N., Goulet, L. S., Marlow, C., & Rainie, L. (2012). Why most Facebook users get more than they give: The effect of Facebook `power users’ on everybody else. http://pewinternet.org (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.202017)
  • Hew, K. F. (2011). Students’ and teachers' use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 662–676. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.020
  • Hollenbaugh, E. E., & Ferris, A. L. (2014). Facebook self-disclosure: Examining the role of traits, social cohesion, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.055
  • Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers and Education, 58(1), 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.004
  • Jung, E. H., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Senior citizens on Facebook:How do they interact and why?. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.080
  • Kwak, K. T., Choi, S. K., & Lee, B. G. (2014). SNS flow, SNS self-disclosure and post hoc interpersonal relations change: Focused on Korean Facebook user. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 294–304. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.046
  • Kwon, O., & Wen, Y. (2010). An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 254–263. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.04.011
  • Kwon, M-W., D’Angelo, J. & McLeod D., M. (2013). Facebook Use and Social Capital: To Bond, To Bridge, or to Escape. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 33(1), 35-43.
  • Lampe, C., Wohn, D. Y., Vitak, J., Ellison, N., B. & Wash, R. (2011). Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 6, 329-347.
  • Lee, Y., & Wohn, Y, D. (2012). Are there cultural differences in how we play? Examining cultural effects on playing social nerwork games. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1307–1314. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.014
  • Ledbetter, a. M., Mazer, J. P., DeGroot, J. M., Meyer, K. R., Yuping Mao, & Swafford, B. (2011). Attitudes Toward Online Social Connection and Self-Disclosure as Predictors of Facebook Communication and Relational Closeness. Communication Research, 38, 27–53. doi:10.1177/0093650210365537
  • Lewis, K., Kaufman, J., Gonzalez, M., Wimmer, A., & Christakis, N. (2008). Tastes, ties, and time: A new social network dataset using Facebook.com. Social Networks, 30(4), 330–342. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2008.07.002
  • Ljepava, N., Orr, R. R., Locke, S., & Ross, C. (2013). Personality and social characteristics of Facebook non-users and frequent users. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1602–1607. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.026
  • Lin, K. Y., & Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152–1161. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009
  • Mantymaki, M., & Islam, N. (2016). The Janus face of Facebook: Positive and negative sides of social networking site use. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.078
  • Masur, P. K., Reinecke, L., Ziegele, M., & Quiring, O. (2014). Computers in Human Behavior The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 376–386. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.047
  • McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2359–2365. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.007
  • Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 243–249. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
  • Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting, and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240–249. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.024
  • Okur, D. & Özkul, M. (2015). Modern iletişimin arayüzü: Sanal iletişim sosyal paylaşım sitelerinin toplumsal ilişki kurma biçimlerine etkisi (Facebook örneği). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 213–246.
  • Paavilainen, J., Hamari, J.,Stenros, J., & Kinnunen, J. (2013). Social network games: Players’ perpectives. Simulation & Gaming, 44(6), 794–820. doi:10.1177/ 046878113514808
  • Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–238. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
  • Prescott, J., Wilson, S. & Becket, G. (2013). Facebook use in the learning environment: do students want this?. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(3), 345-350.
  • Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004
  • Sheldon, P. (2008). Student favorite: Facebook and motives for its uses. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 23, 39–53. doi:10.1080/03634520216511
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Tosun, L. P. (2012). Motives for Facebook use and expressing “true self” on the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1510–1517. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.018
  • Tufekci, Z. (2008). Grooming, gossip, Facebook and Myspace. Information, Communication & Society, 11(4), 544–564. doi:10.1080/ 13691180801999050
  • Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203–220. doi:10.1177/1745691612442904
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Taner Arabacıoğlu

Özlem Çakır

Publication Date October 23, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 14 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Arabacıoğlu, T., & Çakır, Ö. (2017). ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(39), 320-340.
AMA Arabacıoğlu T, Çakır Ö. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. October 2017;14(39):320-340.
Chicago Arabacıoğlu, Taner, and Özlem Çakır. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 14, no. 39 (October 2017): 320-40.
EndNote Arabacıoğlu T, Çakır Ö (October 1, 2017) ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 14 39 320–340.
IEEE T. Arabacıoğlu and Ö. Çakır, “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 39, pp. 320–340, 2017.
ISNAD Arabacıoğlu, Taner - Çakır, Özlem. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 14/39 (October 2017), 320-340.
JAMA Arabacıoğlu T, Çakır Ö. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2017;14:320–340.
MLA Arabacıoğlu, Taner and Özlem Çakır. “ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 39, 2017, pp. 320-4.
Vancouver Arabacıoğlu T, Çakır Ö. ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FACEBOOK KULLANIMININ MODELLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2017;14(39):320-4.

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