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AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 47, 376 - 405, 28.04.2021

Ebru Fatma Fındık

Abstract

Almanya’da 1550 yıllarında üretilmeye başlanan bir grup stoneware testi Bartmann/Bellarmine ismi ile tanınır. Bu tip testilerin karakteristik özelliği boyun kısmında kabartma tekniğinde “sakallı bir adam” maskı bulunmasıdır. Rönesans döneminin sonlarında üretilmeye başlanan Bartmann testiler, 17. yüzyılda oldukça yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bartmann testiler, Avrupa’da başta Ren ve Thames Nehirleri olmak üzere yerel ve uluslararası taşımacılıkta kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu grup testiler, 17. yüzyılda Hollandalı tüccarlar aracılığıyla Avrupa, Amerika, Afrika ve Avusturalya kıtasına kadar dağılmıştır. Günümüzde 17. yüzyıla ait çok sayıda batıkta taşınan mallar arasında veya gemi mutfağında Bartmann stoneware testilere rastlanır. Avrupa kentlerinde ve özellikle Amerika’nın kolonileşme sürecine ait arkeolojik yerleşimlerde yapılan kazılarda da Bartmann testi parçaları bulunmuştur. Bu makalede öncelikle Avrupa’da Rönesans’ın yaşandığı dönemde Almanya’da stoneware endüstrisinin nasıl geliştiği, bu endüstrinin bir parçası kabul edilen Bartmann stoneware testilerin üretim merkezleri, dağılımı, işlevi, arkeolojik yerleşimler ve batıklarda ele geçen örnekler değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca kapların uluslararası ticarette ve özellikle Amerika kıtasının keşfi ile kolonileşme sürecinde materyal kültürü açısından rolü kısaca tartışılmıştır. Bartmann stoneware testilerin dönemin resim, edebiyat ve tiyatro sanatını nasıl etkilediği örneklerle ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak makalede Dünya seramik literatüründe önemli bir yere sahip olan Bartmann stoneware kapların işlevi ve tarihlendirilmesine ilişkin öneriler sunularak, Antakya’da bulunan bir Bartmann testi tanıtılmıştır.

Keywords

Avrupa sanatı Rönesans Bartmann Bellarmine Testi şişe Antakya

References

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  • Caldwell, D. Ve Lewis, J. (1996). “Linlithgow Palace: wman excavation in the oks range and a note on finds from the palace”. Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 126, 823-869.
  • Cartwright, W. (1951). “The Ordinary A Comedy”. (Ed: G. Blakemore Evans), The Plays and Poems of William Cartwright. Wisconsin , 257-351.
  • Cartwright, W. (1951). “The Lady Errant a Tragi-Comedy”. (Ed: G. Blakemore Evans), The Plays and Poems of William Cartwright. Wisconsin, 81-116.
  • Chaffers, W. M. (1850). “On Medieval Earthenware Vessels”. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 5, 22-39.
  • Chomitz, B. (2018). “Tracing Chaning Beverage Consumtion Trends in the Low Countries Through the Analysis of Stoneware Drinking Vessels, 1300-1600 CE”. Inter Section, IV, 1-8.
  • Crossan, C. Ve diğerleri (2004). “Excavations at St Mary Magdalen’s Hospital, Brook Street, Colchester”. Essex Archaeology and History, 34, 91-154.
  • Demir, A. (1996). Çağlar İçinde Antakya. İstanbul: Bayındır Ciltevi.
  • Demuth, V. (2015). “Faces and Figures Myth and Mentality in the Motives of Highly Decorated Pottery from Bergen”. UBAS-University of Bergen Archaeological Series, 8, 119-131.
  • Elliot, G. B. (1986). The success of Frechener flagons exported as ‘Cologne ware’ in Late Medieval trade from the Rhine, IJNA, 15(2), 85-91.
  • Gaimster, D. (1997). German Stoneware 1200-1900. Archaeology and cultural history. London: British Museum Press.
  • Gaimster, D.R.M. (2006). The Historical Archaeology of Pottery Supply and Demand in the Lower Rhineland, AD 1400-1800. Studies in Contemporary and Historical Arcaheology. BAR International Series 1518, Oxford: Archeopress.
  • Gaimster, D. (2012). “The Geoff Egan Memorial Lecture 2011. Artefacts, art and artifice: reconsidering iconographic sources for archaeological objects in early modern Europe”. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 46 (2), 304-319.
  • Griswold, W., J. Anadolu’da Büyük İsyan 1591-1611. (Çev.: Ülkün Tansel). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. Holmes, M. R. (1951). “The so-called ‘Bellarmine’mask on imported Renish stoneware”. Antiquaries’ Journal, 31, 173-179.
  • İnalcık, H. (1993). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Toplum ve Ekonomi Üzerine Arşiv Çalışmaları-İncelemeler. Eren Yayıncılık ve Kitapçılık: İstanbul.
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  • Jordan, S. C. (2014). “European Stoneware Collections from VOC Sites at the Cape”, (Ed: C. Schrire) Historical Archaeology in South Africa, Material Culture of the Dutch East India Company at the Cape.New York: Routledge.
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  • Lessmann, A. W. (1997b). “The Rhenish Stoneware from the Monte Cristi Shipwreck, Domican Republic”. Underwater Archaeology, 121-127.
  • Manders, M.-Borghuis, L., (2016). “Diving into the Past Down Under, Objects from Dutch Shipwrecks”, Boemerang, 6-9.
  • Nagel, R. (1986). Rheinisches Wappenbuch. Rheinland Verlag: Cologne.
  • Neale, F. A. (1852). Eight Years in Syria, Palestine, and Asia Minor, Vol. II, London.
  • Niebuhr, C. (1837). Reisebeschreibung Nach Arabien Und Andern Umliegenden Landern, III. Cilt, Hamburg.
  • Okumuş, H. (2017). “Seramik Müzesi Keramion ve Frechen Seramikleri”. Journal of Awareness, 3(35), 409-422.
  • Overmeer, A. (2018). A Missing Ling in Period of Change? Preliminary results of shipwreck U34 in Flevoland, the Netherlands”, (Ed: J. Litwin, W. Ossowsky), Baltic and beyond. Continuity and change in shipbuilding. Proceedings ISBSA 14-Gdansk 2015. Gdansk, 199-206.
  • Parsons, A. (1808). Travels in Asia and Africa; Including a Journey from Scanderoon to Aleppo, and Over the Desert to Bagdad and Bussora. Londra.
  • Redford, D. (2016). Oxford City and County Archaeological Forum, Oxford City Report October 2015- February 2016.
  • Renaud, J. G. N. (1948). Oud gebruiksaardewerk, Amsterdam.
  • Schofıeld, J., Pearce, J., Betts, I., Dyson, T. Ve Egan, G. (2009). “Thomas Soane’s buildings near Billingsgate, London, 1640–66”. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 43(2), 282–341.
  • Schofield, J. Ve Pearce, J. (2014). “William Widmore’s pottery cupboard: excavations in Thames Street, London, 1974–8”. London Archaeologist , 19-23.
  • Smith, M. P. (2003). “Archaeological Investigations at Ivy House, 45 Old Redbridge Road, Redbridge, Southampton”. Proc. Hampshire Field Club Archaeol. Soc., 58, 177-185.
  • Tekin, M. (2000). Hatay Tarihi Osmanlı Dönemi. Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Terrence, J. (Ed.). (1995). Excavations at Carmarthen Greyfriars 1983-1990. Pottery, Ridge Tile and Ceramic Water Pipe, Dyfed Archaeological Trust Report.
  • Terrence, J. (1997). “Excavations at Carmarthen Greyfriars 1983-1990”. Medieval Archaeology, 41, 100-194.
  • Townsend, C. D. (1984). “Rhenish Stoneware From The Mary Rose”. Prosit, 1180-1184.
  • Thwaite, A. (1973). “The Chronology of the Bellarmine Jug”. The Connoisseur, 734, 255-262.
  • Urbonaitė-Ubė, M. (2018). “Stoneware From the 14th to the 17th Centuries Found in Archaeological Excavations in Vilnius”. Archaeologia Baltica, 25, 191-202.
  • Wilcoxen, C. (1987). Dutch Trade and Ceramics in America in the Seventeenth Century. Albany: Albany Institute of History & Art.
  • Zeischka-Kenzler, A., Mommsen, H., Kottmann, A. (2015). German stoneware in the Spanish colony of Old Panama. (Ed: B. Scholkmann, R. Schreg, A Zeischka-Kenzler), A Step to a global World-Historical Archaeology in Panama, German Researches on the first city on the Pasific Ocean, BAR International Series 2742, 137-201.
  • Vlierman, K. (2010). “An overview of the dated stoneware (groups) from ships in the Netherlands (Zuiderzee region) and Novaya Zemlya (1200-1600)”. Exchanging Medieval Material Culture, 189-204.
  • Von Bock, G. (1966). “Die Entwickelung der Bartmaske an Rheinischem Steinzeug”. Keramos, 34, 30-40.
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  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartmann_jug.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • http://findingshakespeare.co.uk/shakespeares-world-in-100-objects-number-18-a-bartmann-jug.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
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  • http://www.mausrilanka.lk/publications/images/Beardman%20Jars.pdf. Erişim: 06.03.2019.
  • http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/21.152.1.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
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  • https://anth1130.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/items/show/1436?page=2&type=21 Erişim: 08.02.2020.
  • https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/uwatlw35&div=20&id=&page= Erişim: 08.02.2020.
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  • https://maritimeasia.ws/maritimelanka/avondster/beardman.html Erişim: 09.03.2020.
  • https://rohardus.com/steengoed/#st-36. Erişim: 27.11.2020.
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  • https://www.beachcombingmagazine.com/blogs/news/bellarmine-jugs-and-witch-bottles.Erişim: 04.02.2020.
  • https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Afterword.pdf.Erişim:09.02.2020
  • https://www.hrp.org.uk/media/1334/teach100_applyinghistoryhcp_artefacts_web.docx. Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/exhibitions/pdfs/metsu_brochure.pdf.Erişim: 08.02.2020.
  • https://www.sellingantiques.co.uk/489170/large-17th-c-bellarmine-bartmann-jug-siegburg-germany-c1650/. Erişim: 09.03.2020.
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  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1095-9270.12148 Erişim: 15.04.2021.

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 47, 376 - 405, 28.04.2021

Ebru Fatma Fındık

Abstract

References

  • Askey, D. (1981). Stoneware Bottlesfrom Bellarmines to Ginger Beers. Bowman: Graphics: Brighton.
  • Caldwell, D. Ve Lewis, J. (1996). “Linlithgow Palace: wman excavation in the oks range and a note on finds from the palace”. Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 126, 823-869.
  • Cartwright, W. (1951). “The Ordinary A Comedy”. (Ed: G. Blakemore Evans), The Plays and Poems of William Cartwright. Wisconsin , 257-351.
  • Cartwright, W. (1951). “The Lady Errant a Tragi-Comedy”. (Ed: G. Blakemore Evans), The Plays and Poems of William Cartwright. Wisconsin, 81-116.
  • Chaffers, W. M. (1850). “On Medieval Earthenware Vessels”. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 5, 22-39.
  • Chomitz, B. (2018). “Tracing Chaning Beverage Consumtion Trends in the Low Countries Through the Analysis of Stoneware Drinking Vessels, 1300-1600 CE”. Inter Section, IV, 1-8.
  • Crossan, C. Ve diğerleri (2004). “Excavations at St Mary Magdalen’s Hospital, Brook Street, Colchester”. Essex Archaeology and History, 34, 91-154.
  • Demir, A. (1996). Çağlar İçinde Antakya. İstanbul: Bayındır Ciltevi.
  • Demuth, V. (2015). “Faces and Figures Myth and Mentality in the Motives of Highly Decorated Pottery from Bergen”. UBAS-University of Bergen Archaeological Series, 8, 119-131.
  • Elliot, G. B. (1986). The success of Frechener flagons exported as ‘Cologne ware’ in Late Medieval trade from the Rhine, IJNA, 15(2), 85-91.
  • Gaimster, D. (1997). German Stoneware 1200-1900. Archaeology and cultural history. London: British Museum Press.
  • Gaimster, D.R.M. (2006). The Historical Archaeology of Pottery Supply and Demand in the Lower Rhineland, AD 1400-1800. Studies in Contemporary and Historical Arcaheology. BAR International Series 1518, Oxford: Archeopress.
  • Gaimster, D. (2012). “The Geoff Egan Memorial Lecture 2011. Artefacts, art and artifice: reconsidering iconographic sources for archaeological objects in early modern Europe”. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 46 (2), 304-319.
  • Griswold, W., J. Anadolu’da Büyük İsyan 1591-1611. (Çev.: Ülkün Tansel). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları. Holmes, M. R. (1951). “The so-called ‘Bellarmine’mask on imported Renish stoneware”. Antiquaries’ Journal, 31, 173-179.
  • İnalcık, H. (1993). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Toplum ve Ekonomi Üzerine Arşiv Çalışmaları-İncelemeler. Eren Yayıncılık ve Kitapçılık: İstanbul.
  • Jasinski, M. E. Ve diğerleri (1993). “Archaeological Sites at Cape Renard”. Bellsund, Spitsbergen”, XX Polar Symposium Lublin, 73-94.
  • Jordan, S. C. (2014). “European Stoneware Collections from VOC Sites at the Cape”, (Ed: C. Schrire) Historical Archaeology in South Africa, Material Culture of the Dutch East India Company at the Cape.New York: Routledge.
  • Kara, A. (2005). XIX. Yüzyılda Bir Osmanlı Şehri: Antakya. IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Lessmann, A.W. (1997a). The Rhenish Stoneware from the Monte Cristi Shipwreck, Dominican Republic. Submitted to the Office a Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University,Master of Art. 1997.
  • Lessmann, A. W. (1997b). “The Rhenish Stoneware from the Monte Cristi Shipwreck, Domican Republic”. Underwater Archaeology, 121-127.
  • Manders, M.-Borghuis, L., (2016). “Diving into the Past Down Under, Objects from Dutch Shipwrecks”, Boemerang, 6-9.
  • Nagel, R. (1986). Rheinisches Wappenbuch. Rheinland Verlag: Cologne.
  • Neale, F. A. (1852). Eight Years in Syria, Palestine, and Asia Minor, Vol. II, London.
  • Niebuhr, C. (1837). Reisebeschreibung Nach Arabien Und Andern Umliegenden Landern, III. Cilt, Hamburg.
  • Okumuş, H. (2017). “Seramik Müzesi Keramion ve Frechen Seramikleri”. Journal of Awareness, 3(35), 409-422.
  • Overmeer, A. (2018). A Missing Ling in Period of Change? Preliminary results of shipwreck U34 in Flevoland, the Netherlands”, (Ed: J. Litwin, W. Ossowsky), Baltic and beyond. Continuity and change in shipbuilding. Proceedings ISBSA 14-Gdansk 2015. Gdansk, 199-206.
  • Parsons, A. (1808). Travels in Asia and Africa; Including a Journey from Scanderoon to Aleppo, and Over the Desert to Bagdad and Bussora. Londra.
  • Redford, D. (2016). Oxford City and County Archaeological Forum, Oxford City Report October 2015- February 2016.
  • Renaud, J. G. N. (1948). Oud gebruiksaardewerk, Amsterdam.
  • Schofıeld, J., Pearce, J., Betts, I., Dyson, T. Ve Egan, G. (2009). “Thomas Soane’s buildings near Billingsgate, London, 1640–66”. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 43(2), 282–341.
  • Schofield, J. Ve Pearce, J. (2014). “William Widmore’s pottery cupboard: excavations in Thames Street, London, 1974–8”. London Archaeologist , 19-23.
  • Smith, M. P. (2003). “Archaeological Investigations at Ivy House, 45 Old Redbridge Road, Redbridge, Southampton”. Proc. Hampshire Field Club Archaeol. Soc., 58, 177-185.
  • Tekin, M. (2000). Hatay Tarihi Osmanlı Dönemi. Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Terrence, J. (Ed.). (1995). Excavations at Carmarthen Greyfriars 1983-1990. Pottery, Ridge Tile and Ceramic Water Pipe, Dyfed Archaeological Trust Report.
  • Terrence, J. (1997). “Excavations at Carmarthen Greyfriars 1983-1990”. Medieval Archaeology, 41, 100-194.
  • Townsend, C. D. (1984). “Rhenish Stoneware From The Mary Rose”. Prosit, 1180-1184.
  • Thwaite, A. (1973). “The Chronology of the Bellarmine Jug”. The Connoisseur, 734, 255-262.
  • Urbonaitė-Ubė, M. (2018). “Stoneware From the 14th to the 17th Centuries Found in Archaeological Excavations in Vilnius”. Archaeologia Baltica, 25, 191-202.
  • Wilcoxen, C. (1987). Dutch Trade and Ceramics in America in the Seventeenth Century. Albany: Albany Institute of History & Art.
  • Zeischka-Kenzler, A., Mommsen, H., Kottmann, A. (2015). German stoneware in the Spanish colony of Old Panama. (Ed: B. Scholkmann, R. Schreg, A Zeischka-Kenzler), A Step to a global World-Historical Archaeology in Panama, German Researches on the first city on the Pasific Ocean, BAR International Series 2742, 137-201.
  • Vlierman, K. (2010). “An overview of the dated stoneware (groups) from ships in the Netherlands (Zuiderzee region) and Novaya Zemlya (1200-1600)”. Exchanging Medieval Material Culture, 189-204.
  • Von Bock, G. (1966). “Die Entwickelung der Bartmaske an Rheinischem Steinzeug”. Keramos, 34, 30-40.
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frans_van_Mieris_(II)_-_Old_Peasant_Holding_a_Jug_ Erişim: 06.03.2020.
  • http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1267/14585.pdf. Erişim: 10.02.2020.
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartmann_jug.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • http://findingshakespeare.co.uk/shakespeares-world-in-100-objects-number-18-a-bartmann-jug.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • http://mudlarking.blogspot.com.tr/2012/04/bartmann-jugs-1550-1700.html. Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • http://history.delaware.gov/pdfs/roosevelt/volume1.pdf. Erişim: 13.03.2020.
  • http://unveilinghistory.org/wp-content/lessons/2011/artifact-extension.pdf. Erişim: 06.03.2020.
  • http://www-01.glendale.edu/ceramics/bartmannjug.html Erişim: 04.02.2020.
  • http://www.aaawt.com/html/ceramic_gallery4.html. Erişim: 19.02.2020.
  • http://www.google.com.tr/ oks?hl=tr&lr=&id=efp53UAQ6bIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=antioch+german+relationship+ottoman&ots=d_apJvE6l5&sig=lNm430JhStZ2GVE7FpQwqDI8ZxY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false. Erişim: 12.02.2014.
  • http://www.mausrilanka.lk/publications/images/Beardman%20Jars.pdf. Erişim: 06.03.2019.
  • http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/21.152.1.Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • http://www.sjohistoriska.se/en/Cultural-heritage/Marine-archaeology/Wrecks-in-the-Baltic-Sea/The-Dalaro-wreck-and-other-wrecks-at Dalaro/.Erişim: 09.02.2020;
  • http://www.vijfeeuwenmigratie.nl/sites/default/files/bronnen/dutcheastindia177-193.pdf. Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • https://anth1130.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/items/show/1436?page=2&type=21 Erişim: 08.02.2020.
  • https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/uwatlw35&div=20&id=&page= Erişim: 08.02.2020.
  • https://historicjamestowne.org/collections/artifacts/bartmann-jugs/ Erişim: 09.03.2020.
  • https://maritimeasia.ws/maritimelanka/avondster/beardman.html Erişim: 09.03.2020.
  • https://rohardus.com/steengoed/#st-36. Erişim: 27.11.2020.
  • https://www.barnebys.com/auctions/lot/a-large-german-bellermine-salt-glazed-stoneware-bottle-17th-century-ks62axsye. Erişim: 24.11.2020.
  • https://www.beachcombingmagazine.com/blogs/news/bellarmine-jugs-and-witch-bottles.Erişim: 04.02.2020.
  • https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Afterword.pdf.Erişim:09.02.2020
  • https://www.hrp.org.uk/media/1334/teach100_applyinghistoryhcp_artefacts_web.docx. Erişim: 09.02.2020.
  • https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/exhibitions/pdfs/metsu_brochure.pdf.Erişim: 08.02.2020.
  • https://www.sellingantiques.co.uk/489170/large-17th-c-bellarmine-bartmann-jug-siegburg-germany-c1650/. Erişim: 09.03.2020.
  • https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/blogs/shakespeare-100-objects-bartmann-jug/ Erişim: 09.12.2019.
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1095-9270.12148 Erişim: 15.04.2021.
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Ebru Fatma Fındık 0000-0001-9150-0884

Publication Date April 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Fındık, E. F. (2021). AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(47), 376-405.
AMA Fındık EF. AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. April 2021;18(47):376-405.
Chicago Fındık, Ebru Fatma. “AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ ‘BARTMANN/BELLARMINE’ STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 18, no. 47 (April 2021): 376-405.
EndNote Fındık EF (April 1, 2021) AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 18 47 376–405.
IEEE E. F. Fındık, “AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ ‘BARTMANN/BELLARMINE’ STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 47, pp. 376–405, 2021.
ISNAD Fındık, Ebru Fatma. “AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ ‘BARTMANN/BELLARMINE’ STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 18/47 (April 2021), 376-405.
JAMA Fındık EF. AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021;18:376–405.
MLA Fındık, Ebru Fatma. “AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ ‘BARTMANN/BELLARMINE’ STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 47, 2021, pp. 376-05.
Vancouver Fındık EF. AVRUPA ÜRETİMİ “BARTMANN/BELLARMINE” STONEWARE KAPLAR: CADI ŞİŞESİ VEYA MODERN AMPHORA. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021;18(47):376-405.
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