Evaluation of germination responses on the some barley genotypes under saline conditions

Year 2022, , 99 - 108, 08.04.2022

Berk Benlioğlu , Uğur Özkan , Güray Akdogan

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1031477

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the responses of some barley genotypes to salinity stress at the germination period.

Methods and Results: Barley seeds provided from the Osman Tosun Gene Bank at Ankara University. Eight six-row barley genotypes (33, 64, 159, 184, 200, 202, 220 and 231) and two six-row barley cultivars (cv Avcı-2002 and cv Cetin-2000) were used in this study. Salinity stress was applied to the seeds in four different doses of NaCl (distilled water (0), 75 mM, 150 mM and 225 mM). The experiments were carried out at 25±1°C and dark conditions with triplicate according to completely randomized plot design. In order to determine the salinity tolerance of genotypes in the study; germination speed (%), germination power (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root fresh weight (g) and root dry weight (g) parameters were measured.

Conclusions: As results of these measures, all parameters were found to be statistically significant (p≤0.01) except for germination power and shoot dry weight. Genotype × NaCl dose interaction was found significantly different at p≤0.01 level for germination speed and root fresh weight.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Genotype 200 and 220 showed better performance under salinity stress than other genotypes. Also, it can be used as a parental genitor in future breeding studies.

Keywords

Barley, salinity stress, germination, principal component analysis, gene bank material

Bazı arpa genotiplerinin tuzlu koşullarda çimlenme tepkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, bazı arpa genotiplerinin çimlenme döneminde tuzluluk stresine karşı tepkilerini belirlemektir.

Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Arpa tohumları Ankara Üniversitesi Osman Tosun Gen Bankası'ndan temin edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sekiz adet altı sıralı arpa genotipi (33, 64, 159, 184, 200, 202, 220 ve 231) ve iki adet altı sıralı arpa çeşidi (Avcı-2002 ve Çetin-2000) kullanılmıştır. Tohumlara dört farklı NaCl dozunda saf su (0), 75 mM, 150 mM ve 225 mM tuzluluk stresi uygulanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf parseller deneme desenine göre, 25±1°C'de ve karanlık koşullarda üç tekrarlamalı olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada yer alan genotiplerin tuzluluk toleransını belirlemek için; çimlenme hızı (%), çimlenme gücü (%), kök uzunluğu (cm), fide uzunluğu (cm), fide yaş ağırlığı (g), fide kuru ağırlığı (g), kök yaş ağırlığı (g) ve kök kuru ağırlığı (g) parametreleri ölmüştür.

Genel Yorumlar: Bu ölçümler sonucunda çimlenme gücü ve fide kuru ağırlığı dışındaki tüm parametreler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p≤0.01) bulunmuştur. Genotip × NaCl doz interaksiyonu, çimlenme hızı ve kök yaş ağırlığı için p≤0.01 seviyesinde önemli bulunmuştur.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Genotip 200 ve 220, diğer genotiplere göre tuzluluk stresi altında daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Ayrıca gelecekteki ıslah çalışmalarında ebeveyn genitoru olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Arpa, tuzluluk stresi, çimlenme, temel bileşenler analizi, gen bankası materyali

References

• Abdel-Ghani AH, Al-Abbsi K, Thaher N, Al-Dalain S, Al-Rabadi G, Al-Nasir F (2020) Phenotypic response of barley landrace and its wild progenitor Hordeum spontaneum from Jordan to salt stress. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 14(7): 1109-1120.
• Allel D, Ben-Amar A, Badri M, Abdelly C (2016) Salt tolerance in barley originating from harsh environment of North Africa. Aust J Crop Sci. 10: 438–451.
• Allel D, BenAmar A, Badri M, Abdelly C (2019) Evaluation of salinity tolerance indices in North African barley accessions at reproductive stage. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. 55(2): 61-69.
• Anonymous (2021) Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry, Field Crops Central Research Institute. Varieties Catalog. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tarlabitkileri/Sayfalar/EN/AnaSayfa.asp. Access date: 11.6.2021
• Aslam M, Maqbool MA, Zaman QU, Shahid M, Akhtar MA, Rana AS (2017) Comparison of different tolerance indices and PCA biplot analysis for assessment of salinity tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 19(3).
• Benlioglu B, Ozkan U (2015) Determination of responses of some barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) to salt stres in different doses at the germination period. J Field Crops Cent Res Inst. 24(2): 109-114.
• Benlioglu B and Ozkan U (2020) Germination and Early Growth Performances of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress. Journal of Tekirdag Agriculture Faculty. 17(3): 318-328.
• Benlioglu B and Ozkan U (2021) The Influence of Salinity and Drought Stress on Some Oat Cultivars (Avena Sativa L.) by Determining Some Stress Indexes and Growth Performances at the Germination Stage. Fresenius Env. Bulletin. 31(1):771-778.
• Chikha MB, Hessini K, Ourteni RN, Ghorbel A, Zoghlami N (2016) Identification of barley genotypes with contrasting salinity tolerance at vegetative growth stage. Plant Biotechnology. 33(4): 287-295.
• Colmer TD, Flowers TJ, Munns R (2006) Use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat. J. of Experimental Botany. 57: 1059-1078.
• Dogru A and Kacar MY (2019) A preliminary study on salt tolerance of some barley genotypes. Sakarya University, Institute of Natural Sciences Journal. 23(5): 755-762.
• Ebrahim F, Arzani A, Rahimmalek M, Sun D, Peng J (2020) Salinity tolerance of wild barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. Plant Breeding. 139(2): 304-316. El Madidi S, El Baroudi I and Aameur FB (2004) Effects of salinity on germination and early growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Biology. 6: 767-770.
• Gungor, H, Cikili Y and Dumlupinar Z (2021) Screening of oat varieties and genotypes at early vegetative stage under salt stress conditions: Morpho-physiological and PCA biplot analysis. Cereal Research Communications. 49: 587–597.
• Harlan JR and de Wet JM (1971) Toward a rational classification of cultivated plants. Taxon. 20(4): 509-517.
• Hellal F, Amer A, Azab KE, Zewainy R (2018) Impact of irrigation water salinity on germination and seedling growth of Egyptian barley cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B. 8(5): 290-302.
• Horsley RD, Franckowiak JD and Schwarz PB (2009) Barley. In Cereals. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 227-250.
• ISTA (2017) International Rules for Seed Testing; International Seed Testing Association: Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
• Kanbar A, El-drussi I (2014) Efect of salinity stress on germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Adv Environ Biol J. 8:244–247.
• Kaya MD, Okcu G, Atak M, Cikili, Y and Kolsarici O (2006) Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 24(4): 291-295.
• Kirmizi S and Bell RW (2012) Responses of barley to hypoxia and salinity during seed germination, nutrient uptake, and early plant growth in solution culture. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 175: 630–640.
• Mahmood K (2011) Salinity tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): effects of varying NaCl, K/Na and NaHCO3 levels on cultivars differing in tolerance. Pak J Bot. 43(3): 1651-1654.
• Mian A, Oomen RJ, Isayenkov S, Sentenac H, Maathuis FJ and Véry AA (2011) Over‐expression of an Na+‐and K+‐permeable HKT transporter in barley improves salt tolerance. The Plant Journal. 68(3): 468-479.
• Mohammadi SA and Prasanna BM (2003) Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Sci. 43: 1235-1248. Munns R and Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59, 651-681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
• Munns R, James RA Läuchli (2006) Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany. 57 (5):1025-1043. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj100
• Narimani T, Toorchi M, Tarinejad AR, Mohammadi SA, Mohammadi H (2020) Physiological and Biochemical Evaluation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Salinity Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 22(4): 1009-1021.
• Patterson JH, Newbigin E, Tester M, Bacic A and Roessner U (2009) Metabolic responses to salt stress of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Sahara and Clipper which differ in salinity tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 60(14): 4089–4103.
• Peeters JP and Martinelli JA (1989) Hierarchical cluster analysis as a tool to manage variation in germplasm collections. Theor. Appl. Genet. 78: 42-48.
• Rana V, Ram S, Sendhil R, Nehra K, Sharma I (2015) Physiological, biochemical and morphological study in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) RILs population for salinity tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science. 7(10): 119.
• Raza MA, Saeed A, Munir H, Ziaf K, Shakeel A, Saeed N, Munawar A, Rehman F (2017) Screening of tomato genotypes for salinity tolerance based on early growth attributes and leaf inorganic osmolytes. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 63: 501–512.
• Rengasamy P (2002) Transient salinity and subsoil constraints to dryland farming in Australian sodic soils: an overview. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 42:351–61.
• SAS Institute Inc (2017) JMP® Statistical Discovery Software, version 13.0; – SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
• Sivakumar J, Prashanth JEP, Rajesh N, Reddy SM, Pinjari OB (2020) Principal component analysis approach for comprehensive screening of salt stress-tolerant tomato germplasm at the seedling stage. J Bioscie. 45(1): 1-11.
• Von Bothmer R, Sato K, Komatsuda T, Yasuda S, Fischbeck G (2003) The domestication of cultivated barley. Diversity in Barley. Edited by Bothmer R von, Hintum T van, Knüpffer H, Sato K. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science: 9-27.
• Wu D, Shen Q, Cai S, Chen ZH, Dai F, Zhang G (2013) Ionomic responses and correlations between elements and metabolites under salt stress in wild and cultivated barley. Plant and Cell Physiology. 54(12): 1976-1988.
• Yokoi S, Bressan RA, Hasegawa PM (2002) Salt stress tolerance of plants. JIRCAS working report. 23(1): 25-33.
• Zhang H, Irving LJ, McGill C, Matthew C, Zhou DW and Kemp P (2010) The effects of salinity and osmotic stress on barley germination rate: sodium as an osmotic regulator. Ann. Bot. 106: 1027–1035.
• Zeng L, Shannon MC and. Grieve CM (2002) Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters. Euphytica. 127: 235–245.