Kırmızı biber [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] hibritlerinde verim, toplam çözünebilir madde ve kuru madde yönünden heterosis, heterobeltiosis ve dominans etkisinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kapya tipi kırmızı biberin verim, toplam çözünür madde ve kuru maddesi üzerine heterosis, heterobeltiosis ve dominans etkisini belirlemektir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada 11 kapya tipi kırmızı biber ebeveyni ve bu ebeveynlerin melezlerinden elde edilen 47 hibrit materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Meyve verimi yönünden heterosis oranları -48.23 ile 80.68 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek heterosis sırasıyla 209 YKB (%80.68), 239 YKB (%60.35), 225 YKB (%56.97) ve 195 YKB’de (%55.30) tespit edilmiştir. Toplam çözünür madde açısından heterosis oranları -33.70 ile 30.98 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek heterosis oranı 218 YKB'de belirlenmiştir. Kuru madde bakımından en yüksek heterosis oranı ise 195 YKB'de %66,67 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda hibritlerde en yüksek heterosis oranları veren ebeveynler genel olarak 39-H-2, 43-H-6 ve 45-H-5 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Bu çalışmada heterosis oranları her üç özellik açısından da yüksek oranda pozitif yönde tespit edilmiştir. Heterosis kullanımı biberlerde verim ve diğer ekonomik özelliklerin artırılmasında pratik bir yöntem olarak gösterilebilir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen bu sonuçlar istenen özellikler bakımından öne çıkan çeşitlerin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biber
• heterosis
• heterobeltiosis
• dominans etkisi
• verim

Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and dominance effect on yield, total soluble solid and dry matter of red pepper [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] hybrids

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to estimate heterosis, heterobeltiosis and dominance effect on yield, total soluble solid and dry matter of capia type red pepper.

Methods and Results: In this study 11 capia type red pepper parents and 47 hybrids obtained from crosses of these parents were used as materials. Heterosis in fresh fruit yield ranged from -48.23 to 80.68. The highest heterosis were recorded for 209 YKB (80.68%), 239 YKB (60.35%), 225 YKB (56.97%) and 195 YKB (55.30%), respectively. Heterosis rates of F1 changed between -33.70 and 30.98 in terms of total soluble solid. The highest heterosis rates was found in 218 YKB. In terms of dry matter, highest heterosis rate was calculated as 66.67% in 195 YKB. As a result of the study, 39-H-2, 43-H-6 and 45-H-5 were determined as the best parents giving the highest heterosis rates in crosses.

Conclusions: In this study, heterosis rates were highly positive direction in terms of all three characteristics. The use of heterosis can be indicated as a practical method to increase yield and other economic characteristics in peppers.

Significance and Impact of the Study: These results can be used to determine the varieties that become prominent in terms of desired characteristics.

Keywords

• pepper
• heterosis
• heterobeltiosis
• dominance effect
• yield

References

1. Abrham S, Mandefro N, Sentayehu A (2017) Heterosis and heterobeltiosis study of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in Southern Ethiopia. Int J Plant Breed, 11, 63-70.
2. AlBallat IA, Ahmed ME, Ommran S, Alkadah KAG (2019) Heterosis, combining ability and heritability of fruit yield and quality traits in blocky yellow sweet pepper. Egypt. J. Plant Breed. 23(6):1267– 1297
3. Andrade Junior VC, Pedrosa CE, Miranda TG, Valadares NR, Pereira SL, Azevedo AM (2018) Biometric evaluation of morpho-agronomic traits in pepper lines and hybrids. Horticultura Brasileira, 36, 357-361.
4. Anonymous (2020) FAO Crops and livestock products. Retrieved February 15, 2022 from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
5. Bhutia ND, Seth T, Shende VD, Dutta S, Chattopadhyay, A (2015) Estimation of heterosis, dominance effect and genetic control of fresh fruit yield, quality and leaf curl disease severity traits of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 182, 47-55.
6. Chakrabarty S, Islam AKM, Mian MA, Ahamed T (2019) Combining ability and heterosis for yield and related traits in chili (L.). The Open Agriculture Journal, 13(1).
7. Ferreira TAPC, Valadares KO, Souza MJF, Santana JQ, Balbino MP, Ferreira RC (2012) Yellow and red sweet pepper quality under photoselective screens and field crop conditions. In VII International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems 956 (pp. 473-479).
8. Ganefianti DW, Fahrurrozi F (2018) Heterosis and combining ability in complete diallel cross of seven chili pepper genotypes grown in ultisol. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 40(2), 360–370. http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v40i2.991

9. Khalil MR, Hatem MK (2014) Study on combining ability and heterosis of yield and its components in pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Alex. J. Agric. Res, 59(1), 61-71.
10. Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumar D, Gautam N, Singh N, Parkash C, Shukla YR (2017) Heterotic potential, potence ratio, combining ability and genetic control of yield and its contributing traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 45(3), 175-190.
11. Naves ER, Scossa F, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Zsögön A (2022) Heterosis and reciprocal effects for agronomic and fruit traits in Capsicum pepper hybrids. Scientia Horticulturae, 295, 110821.
12. Pérez-Grajales M, González-Hernández VA, Peña-Lomelí A, Sahagún-Castellanos J (2009) Combining ability and heterosis for fruit yield and quality in manzano hot pepper (Capsicum pubescens R & P) landraces. Revista Chapingo. Serie horticultura, 15(1), 103-109.
13. Rao PG, Reddy KM (2017) Exploitation of mid parent heterosis in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for yield and yield attributing traits. Agricultural Research Journal, 54(1), 117-119.
14. Rodrigues R, Gonçalves LS, Bento CDS, Sudré CP, Robaina RR, do Amaral Júnior AT (2012) Combining ability and heterosis for agronomic traits in chili pepper. Horticultura Brasileira, 30, 226-233.
15. Rohini N, Lakshmanan V (2017) Heterotic expression for dry pod yield and its components in chilli (Capsicum annuum var. annuum). JAPS: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(1).
16. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A (2020) Combining ability and heterotic effects of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for yield components and capsaicin content. SABRAO J Breeding and Genetics, 52(4), 390-401.
17. Shrestha SL, Luitel BP, Kang WH (2011) Heterosis and heterobeltiosis studies in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 52(3), 278-283.
18. Singh P, Cheema DS, Dhaliwal MS, Garg N, Jindal SK, Chawla N (2015) Combining ability and heterosis for quality and processing traits in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) involving male sterile lines. Journal of Crop Improvement, 29(4), 379-404.
19. Soames I, Cıulca A, Madosa E, Cıulca S (2021) Estimation of Heterosis and Potence Ratio for Plant Yield in Hot Pepper. Life Science and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 82-87.
20. Yilmaz N, Sari N (2012) Heterosis effect on plant growth fruit, yield and quality in single, triple and double crosses of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) Hybrids. In Yilmaz N, Sari N, editors. Proceeding of the Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Cucurbitaceae (pp. 535-543).