Cin mısırının (Zea mays everta Sturt.) bazı kalite özelliklerine sulamanın etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, farklı sulama sayısı ve miktarlarının cin mısırının bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Hatay ekolojik koşullarında ikinci ürün mevsiminde yürütülmüştür.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Antcin 98 cin mısırı çeşidi Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma Arazisi’nde 2015 yılı ikinci ürün mevsiminde (I1) 12 kez (1757 mm), (I2) 8 kez (1449 mm), (I3) 6 kez (1148 mm), (I4) 5 kez (989 mm) and (I5) 4 kez (800 mm) sulanarak yetiştirilmiştir. Hasattan sonra kalite analizleri her bir sulama konusu için 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş ve tane iriliği, ham protein, ham yağ ve ham kül oranları belirlenmiştir. İncelenen tüm özelliklerin sulama yönetimlerinden önemli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; en düşük tane iriliği (89.00 tane 10 g^-1) ve en yüksek ham protein oranı (%10.59) I5 konusundan elde edilirken, en yüksek ham kül (%2.04) ve ham yağ (%5.74) oranları I4 konusundan elde edilmiştir. Sulama sayısı azaldıkça ham protein oranının arttığı, ham kül ve ham yağ oranlarının ise belirli bir düzeye kadar artarak sonrasında azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucuna göre ise tane iriliği ile ham protein oranı (r = 0.686) arasında ve ham yağ ile ham kül oranı (r = 0.852) arasında önemli ve pozitif ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Sonuçlar, aşırı sulama ile cin mısırının patlamış mısırın en önemli kalite kriterlerinden biri olan ve patlama hacmini doğrudan etkileyen tane iriliği özelliğinin artırılamayacağını göstermiştir. Bunun yanında, tane besin değerleri farklı sulama uygulamaları ile değiştirilebilmektedir. Elde edilen veriler, benzer yetiştirme ve iklim koşullarına sahip bölgelerde patlamış mısırın 5 sulama ve yaklaşık 989 mm sulama suyu ile üretilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Çalışma, ikinci ürün mevsimi koşullarında farklı sulama sayısı ve miktarları ile yetiştirilen cin mısırının bazı kalite özelliklerinin nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cin mısırı (Zea mays everta Sturt.)
• sulama miktarı
• tane iriliği
• ham protein oranı
• ham yağ oranı
• ham kül oranı

Irrigation effect on some quality characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.)

Abstract

Aims: This study was conducted under Hatay, Turkey ecological conditions in the second crop season and aimed to determine the effect of irrigation numbers and amounts on some quality characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.)

Methods and Results: Antcin 98 popcorn cultivar was cultivated in Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Research Area in the second crop season of 2015 under five irrigation managements as follows: (I1) 12 times (1757 mm), (I2) 8 times (1449 mm), (I3) 6 times (1148 mm), (I4) 5 times (989 mm) and (I5) 4 times (800 mm). After harvest, quality analysis were carried out with 4 repetitions for each irrigation treatment and kernel size, crude protein, crude oil and crude ash ratios were determined. It’s revealed that all the parameters investigated significantly affected by irrigation managements. According to the results; the lowest grain size (89.00 grains 10 g^-1) and the highest crude protein ratio (10.59%) were obtained from the I5 treatment, while the highest crude ash (2.04%) and crude oil (5.74%) ratios were obtained from the I4 treatment. It was determined that as the number of irrigation decreased, the crude protein ratio increased, the crude ash and crude oil ratios increased to a certain level and then decreased. With the correlation analysis performed, significant and positive relationships were determined between kernel size and crude protein (r = 0.686) and between crude oil and crude ash (r = 0.852).

Conclusions: The results showed that excessive irrigations cannot increase kernel size, which directly affects the popping volume, which is one of the most important quality criteria of popcorn, However, the nutritional values can be changed by applying different irrigation managements. It can be concluded that under similar growing and climatic conditions, popcorn can be produced with 5 irrigations and a total of 989 mm of irrigation water.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The study revealed the effects of different irrigation numbers and amounts on some quality characteristics of popcorn grown under second crop season conditions.

Keywords

• Popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.)
• irrigation amount
• kernel size
• crude protein ratio
• crude oil ratio
• crude ash ratio

References

1. AOAC 1990. Official Method of Analysis, 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, pp 70.
2. Akçalı CT, Şahin CB (2016) Effects of vegetable oil types in different amounts on popping quality of popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 33(3): 97-104.
3. Akçalı CT, Gözübenli H (2020) Effects of different irrigation intervals on yield parameters and popping quality of popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) cultivated in amik plain as second crop. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 23(5): 1184-1191.
4. Brown WL, Darrah LL (1985) Origin, adaptation, and types of corn. Retrieved January 10, 2021, from https://store.extension.iastate.edu
5. Ceylan M, Karababa E (2001) Comparison of sensory properties of popcorn from various types and sizes of the kernel. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 82: 127-133.
6. FAOSTAT (2022) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Crops Database. Retrieved February 24, 2022, from https://www.fao.org/faostat
7. Imran S, Arif M, Khan A, Khan MA, Shah W, Latif A (2015) Effect of nitrogen levels and plant population on yield and yield components of maize. Advances in Crop Science and Technology. 3(2): 1-7.
8. Jele P, Derera J, Siwela M (2014) Assessment of popping ability of new tropical popcorn hybrids. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 8(6): 831-839.

9. Josipovic M, Plavsic H, Kovacevic V, Markovic M, Iljkic D (2014) Impacts of irrigation and genotype on yield, protein, starch and oil contents in grain of maize inbred lines. Genetika. 46(1): 243-253.
10. Kahrıman F, Akgül M, Ölmez İ, Egesel CÖ (2017) Variability in some quality and plant traits in a high oil maize population under selection. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 34(3): 228-236.
11. Kara B, Ertek A, Atar B (2016) Mineral nutrient content of sweet corn under deficit irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 22: 54-61.
12. Karababa E. (2006) Physical properties of popcorn kernels. Journal of Food Engineering. 72: 100-107.
13. Kresovic B, Gajić B, Tapanarova A, Dugalić G (2018) How irrigation water affects the yield and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L.) in a temperate climate. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 27(3): 1123-1131.
14. Leogrande R, Vitti C, Lopedota O, Ventrella D, Montemurro F (2016) Effects of irrigation volume and saline water on maize yield and soil in southern italy. Irrigation and Drainage. 65(3): 243-253.
15. Liu L, Klocke N, Yan S, Rogers D, Schlegel A, Lamm F, Chang SI, Wang D (2013) Impact of deficit irrigation on maize physical and chemical properties and ethanol yield. Cereal Chemistry. 90(5): 453-462.
16. Öktem A, Kahramanoğlu Y (2021) Determination of grain yield and some quality parameters of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) genotypes. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 5: 26-36.
17. Öztürk A, Erdal S, Özata E, Coşkuner Y (2020) Performances of popcorn hybrids in three geographical regions of turkey based on yield and quality traits. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology. 3(1): 27-40.
18. Pajic Z, Babic M (1991) Interrelation of popping volume and some agronomic characteristics in popcorn hybrids. Genetica. 23(2): 137-144.
19. Paraginski RT, de Souza NL, Alves GH, Ziegler V, de Oliviera M, Elias MC (2016) Sensory and nutritional evaluation of popcorn kernels with yellow, white and red pericarps expanded in different ways. Journal of Cereal Science. 69: 383-391.
20. Park D, Allen KGD, Stermitz FR, Maga JA (2000) Chemical composition and physical characteristics of unpopped popcorn hybrids. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 13: 921-934.
21. Saleem M, Ahsan M, Aslam M, Majeed A (2008) Comparative evaluation and correlation estimates for grain yield and quality attributes in maize. Pak. J. Bot. 40(6): 2361-2367.
22. Singh V, Barreiro NL, McKinstry J, Buriak P, Eckhoff SR (1997) Effect of kernel size, location, and type of damage on popping characteristics of popcorn. Cereal Chemistry. 74(5): 672-675.
23. Song A, Eckhoff SR (1994) Optimum popping moisture content of popcorn kernels of different sizes. Cereal Chemistry. 71: 458-460.
24. Sweley JC, Rose DJ, Jackson DS (2012) Hybrid and environment effects on popcorn kernel physiochemical properties and their relationship to microwave popping performance. Journal of Cereal Science. 55: 188-194.
25. Ülger AC (1998) Farklı azot dozu ve sıra üzeri mesafelerinin patlak mısırda (Zea mays everta Sturt.) tane verimi ve bazı tarımsal özelliklere etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 13(1): 155-164.
26. Tekkanat A, Soylu S (2005) Determination of important quality characters and grain yield in popcorn cultivars. S.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 19(37): 41-50.
27. Ziegler KE, Ashman RB, White GM, Wysong DB (1984) Popcorn production and marketing. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu
28. Zulkadir G, Idikut L (2021) Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of turkish local popcorn (Zea mays everta) populations by simple sequence repeats (ssrs) markers. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 27(2): 170-178.