Cabernet Franc üzüm çeşidinin fitokimyasal özelliklerine eğimdeki konumun, anacın ve salkım seyreltmenin etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Tekirdağ-Şarköy’de, 327m rakımda bulunan Fercal ve 140Ru anaçlarına aşılı Cabernet Franc omcalarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada kullanılan anaçlar, eğimdeki konum ve salkım seyreltme faktörlerine göre üzüm kalitesine etkileri ile bazı fizikokimyasallar ve sekonder metabolitler üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları 140Ru anacının Cabernet Franc’ta yüksek pH, toplam asit ve şeker oluşturması, Fercal anacının ise yüksek toplam tanen, antosiyanin ve polifenol içeriği bakımından öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, üst konumlu asmaların pH, toplam asit, toplam tanen, antosiyanin ve polifenol bakımından, alt konumlu asmaların ise yüksek toplam fenolik madde ve şeker içeriği bakımından yüksek oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bağın veriminin düşük olduğu (800 kg da-1) ve en yüksek verimin salkım seyreltmesi yapılmayan asmalardan elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları fizikokimyasallar ve sekonder metabolitler bakımından zengin meyveler elde etmek için üst konumlu bağlarda Fercal anacının (toplam tanen miktarı 3.41 g kg-1, toplam polifenol indeksi 9.62 ve antosiyanin miktarı 683.60 mg kg-1), alt konumlu bağlarda ise 140Ru anacının (SÇKM 25.31°Brix, TA 6.69 g L-1, pH 3.47, toplam fenolik madde 2300.52 mg kg-1 ve toplam antioksidan miktarı 13.27 g kg-1) daha uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Eğim
• Cabernet Franc
• Salkım seyreltme
• Fitokimyasal maddeler
• Sekonder metabolitler

Project Number

YOK Tez No: 688124

Ethical Statement

Bu makalede insan veya hayvan deneklerle herhangi bir çalışma bulunmaması nedeniyle etik onaya gerek duyulmamaktadır.

The effect of position on the slope, rootstock, and cluster thinning on the phytochemical properties of cv. Cabernet Franc

Abstract

This study was conducted on Cabernet Franc grafted onto Fercal and 140Ru rootstocks at an altitude of 327m in Tekirdağ-Şarköy. The effects of rootstocks, slope position, and cluster thinning factors on grape quality were evaluated through some physicochemical and secondary metabolites. The research findings indicate that the 140Ru rootstock contributes to higher pH, total acidity, and sugar content in Cabernet Franc, while the Fercal rootstock stands out with higher total tannin, anthocyanin, and polyphenol content. Additionally, the vines located in higher positions showed higher levels of pH, total acidity, total tannin, anthocyanin, and polyphenols, whereas the vines in lower positions were found to have higher total phenolic compounds and sugar content. The study also revealed that the vineyard’s lowest yield (800 kg da-1) and the highest yield were obtained from vines without cluster thinning. The study results indicate that the Fercal rootstock (with a total tannin content 3.41 g kg-1, total polyphenol index 9.62 ve anthocyanin contents 683.60 mg kg-1) is more suitable for obtaining fruit rich in physicochemicals and secondary metabolites in vineyards located in the upper slope position, while the 140Ru rootstock (with total soluble solids of 25.31°Brix, total acidity of 6.69 g L-1, pH 3.47, total phenolic compounds 2300.52 mg kg-1 ve total antioxidant content of 13.27 g kg-1) is more suitable for vineyards at lower positions.

Keywords

• slope
• cv. Cabernet Franc
• cluster thinning
• phytochemicals
• secondary metabolites

Project Number

YOK Tez No: 688124

References

1. Alba, V., Natrella, G., Gambacorta, G., Crupi, P., & Coletta, A. (2022). Effect of over crop and reduced yield by cluster thinning on phenolic and volatile compounds of grapes and wines of Sangiovese trained to Tendone. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102, 7155-7163. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12081
2. Al-Saif, A.M., Abdel-Sattar, M., Aboukarima, A.M., Eshra, D.H., & Górnik, K. (2022). Physico-chemical properties prediction of Flame Seedless grape berries using an artificial neural network model. Foods, 11, 2766. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182766
3. AOAC (1998). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, Official Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Maryland, USA. Method 968.08.
4. Bahar, E., Carbonneau, A., & Korkutal, I. (2011). The effect of extreme water stress on leaf drying limits and possibilities of recovering in three grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (5), 1151-1160.
5. Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ., & Kabataş, İ.E. (2017). Farklı yaprak su potansiyeli (Ψyaprak) ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının Sangiovese üzüm çeşidinin fitokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (3), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017.156
6. Blouin, J., & Guimberteau, G. (2000). Maturation et maturite des raisins. Feret, Bordeaux, ISBN: 2-902416-49-0.
7. Calderon-Orellana, A., Mercenaro, L., Shackel, K.A., Willits, N., & Matthews, M.A. (2014). Responses of fruit uniformity to deficit irrigation and cluster thinning in commercial winegrape production. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 65, 354-362. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2014.13135
8. Candar, S., Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ., Alço, T., & Uysal Seçkin, G. (2019). Farklı yeşil budama uygulamalarının Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde şıra önolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32 (2), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.517920

9. Candar, S., Bahar, E., & Korkutal, I. (2020). Impacts of leaf area on the physiological activity and berry maturation of Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18 (1), 1523-1538. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1801_15231538
10. Carbonneau, A., & Bahar, E. (2009). Vine and berry responses to contrasted water fluxes in ecotron around ‘veraison’ manipulation of berry shrivelling and consequences on berry growth, sugar loading and maturation. Proceedings of the 16th International Giesco Symposium, July 12-15, University of California, Davis, pp. 145-155.
11. Cemeroğlu, B. (2007). Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları, 657s, Ankara.
12. Climaco, P., Teixeira, K., & Ferreirinho, M.C. (2005). Efeitos da monda de cachos no rendimento e qualidade da cv. Alicante Bouschet. Vinea, Revista Viticultura Alentejo, Abril-Junho, 13-16.
13. Clingeleffer, P.R. (2000). Mechanization of wine and raisin production in Australian vineyards. Proceedings of the ASEV 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting, Seattle Washington, U.S.A. Ed. J. M. Rantz (American Society for Enology and Viticulture: Davis, CA) pp. 165-169.
14. Çelik, H. (2017). Bağlarda taç yönetimi-Yaz budamaları. TÜRKTOB Dergisi, 22, 34-43.
15. Çelik, M., & Ilgaz, F. (2020). Şiraz üzüm çeşidinde yaprak alma ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.598983
16. De Bei, R., Wang, X., Papagiannis, L., & Collins, C. (2022). Assessment of bunch thinning as a management technique for Semillon and Shiraz in a hot Australian climate. OENO One, 56 (1), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4835
17. De Dorlodot, S., Forster, B., & Pagès, L. (2007). Root system architecture: opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops. Trends in Plant Science, 12, 474-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2007.08.012
18. Deloire, A., & Heyns, D. (2011). Leaf water potentials: principles, method and thresolds. Wineland, September. https://cdn-cms.f-static.com/uploads/1127043/normal_5b0cf70025257.pdf
19. Diago, M.R., Vilanova, M., Blanco, J.A., & Tardaguila, J. (2010). Effect of mechanical thinning on fruit and wine composition and sensory attributes of Grenache and Tempranillo varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16 (2), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2010.00094.x
20. Flexas, J., & Medrano, H. (2002). Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Annals of Botany, 89, 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf027
21. Geng, K., Zhang, Y., Lv, D., Li, D., & Wang, Z. (2022). Effects of water stress on the sugar accumulation and organic acid changes in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries. Horticultural Science (Prague), 49 (3), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.17221/23/2021-HORTSCI
22. Gonzalez-Neves, G., Gil, G., & Ferrer M. (2002). Effect of different vineyard treatments on the phenolic contents in Tannat (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes and their respective wines. Food Science and Technology International, 8, 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013202008005115
23. Guidoni, S., Allara, P., & Schubert, A. (2002). Effect of cluster thinning on berry skin anthocyanin composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Nebbiolo. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 53, 224-226. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2002.53.3.224
24. Günen, E. (2008). Bazı şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinin aşılı köklü asma fidanlarının üretiminde anaç kalem ilişkileri ve üretim şekillerinin fidan randımanı ile kalitesine etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
25. INRA (2007). Determination d’Anthocyanes en echantillons de raisin. Mode Operatiore. Ref: MO-LAB-23. Version: 1, Septembre 2007. UE Pech Rouge. 2 p.
26. Kamiloğlu, Ö., & Demirkeser, Ö. (2018). Farklı asma çeşit/anaç çeliklerinde aşı tutma oranları üzerine bir araştırma. Bahçe, 47 (Özel Sayı 1), 451-459.
27. Karabulut, B., & Çelik, H. (2022). Determination of grafting success and carbohydrate distributions of foxy grape (Vitis labrusca L.) varieties grafted on different American grape rootstocks. Horticulturae, 8, 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100949
28. Kaya, K.F., & Tangolar, S. (2021). Determination of morphological responses and plant nutrient preferences of some vine rootstocks grown under in vitro salt stress conditions. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences, 5 (4), 616-627. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2021.4.22
29. Keller, M., Mills, L.J., Wample, R.L., & Spayd, S.E. (2005). Cluster thinning effects on three deficit irrigated Vitis vinifera cultivars. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 56, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2005.56.2.9
30. Kennedy, J.A., Matthews, M.A., & Waterhouse, A.L. (2002). Effect of maturity and vine water status on grape skin and wine flavonoids. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 53 (4), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2002.53.4.268
31. Kennedy, U., Learmonth, R., & Hassal, T. (2009). Effects on grape and wine quality of bunch thinning of Merlot under Queensland conditions. Queensland Wine Industry Association, 18 May 2009, Project Number: RT 06/05-2. Australia.
32. Kontoudakis, N., Esteruelas, M., Fort, F., Canals, J.M., De Freitas, V., & Zamora, F. (2011). Influence of the heterogeneity of grape phenolic maturity on wine composition and quality. Food Chemistry, 124 (3), 767-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.093
33. Koundouras, S., Marinos, V., Gkoulioti, A., Kotseridis, Y., & van Leeuwen, C. (2006). Influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54 (14), 5077-86. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0605446
34. Koundouras, S. (2016). Environmental and viticultural practice effects on the phenolic composition of grapes: impact on wine sensory properties. XI International Terroir Congress, July 2016, McMinnville, Oregon (USA). 267-272. https://www.calameo.com/read/004433976949ab8885344
35. Korkutal, İ., & Kaymaz, Ö. (2016). Viognier (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde farklı sıra yönleri ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının kalite ve verim özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Bahçe, 45 (Özel Sayı), 599-606.
36. Korkutal, İ., Bahar, E., & Zinni, A. (2022). Michele Palieri (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde yaprak alma ve uç alma uygulamalarının omca verimi ve sürgün özelliklerine etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (1), 185-194. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1041124
37. Korkutal, İ., Bahar, E., & Koskosoğlu, B. (2022). Tane özellikleri üzerine eğim, anaç ve salkım seyreltmenin etkisi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 37 (3), 637-654. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1103113
38. Mehofer, M., Schmuckenschlager, B., Hanak, K., Vitovec, N., Braha, M., Cazim, T., Gorecki, A., Christiner, F., & Hofstetter, I. (2021). Investigations into the effects of the rootstock varieties Kober 5BB, Fercal and 3309 Couderc on the nutrient content of leaves as well as generative and vegetative performance of the grape variety Roesler. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, Rebe und Wein, Obstbau und Früchteverwertung, 71 (3), 204-221.
39. Navarro, J.M., Botía, P., & Romero, P. (2021). Changes in berry tissues in Monastrell grapevines grafted on different rootstocks and their relationship with berry and wine phenolic content. Plants, 10 (12), 2585. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122585
40. Penter, F., Rufato, L., Kretzschmar, A.A., & Ide, G.M. (2008). Effect of bunch thinning in the evolution of the qualitative parameters of the grape cv. Cabernet Sauvignon produced in the Mountain Region of Santa Catarina. Acta Horticulturae, 772, 309-313. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.772.51
41. Pehlivan, E.C., & Uzun, H. (2015). Shiraz üzüm çeşidinde salkım seyreltmesinin verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236407
42. Pérez-Álvarez, E.P., Intrigliolo, D.S., Almajano, M.P., Rubio-Bretón, P., & Garde-Cerdán, T. Effects of water deficit ırrigation on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Monastrell grapes under semiarid conditions. Antioxidants, 10, 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081301
43. Soar, C.J., Speirs, J., & Maffei, S.M. (2006). Grapevine varieties Shiraz and Grenache differ in their stomatal response to VPD: apparent links with ABA physiology and gene expression in leaf. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 12 (1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2006.tb00038.x
44. Song, C., Wang, C., Xie, S., & Zhang., Z. (2018). Effects of leaf removal and cluster thinning on berry quality of Vitis vinifera cultivars in the region of Weibei Dryland in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17 (7), 1620-1630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61990-2
45. Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
46. Sucu, S., & Yağcı, A. (2016). Bazı asma anaçları ve bu anaçlar üzerine aşılı Sultani Çekirdeksiz çeşidinde fidan randımanı ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54 (1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.297956
47. Tahmaz, H., & Söylemezoğlu, G. (2019). Denizli-Çal yöresinde yetiştirilen şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinin farklı dokularında fenolik bileşik içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 48 (1), 39-43.
48. Tahmaz, H., Yüksel Küskü, D., Söylemezoğlu, G., & Çelik, H. (2022). Vitis labrusca L. genotiplerinin fenolik bileşik ve antioksidan kapasite içerikleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 318-331. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.952108
49. Tahmaz Karaman, H., Yüksel Küskü, D., & Söylemezoğlu, G. (2021). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities in grape berry skin, seed and stems of six wine grape varieties grown in Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 20 (1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.1.2
50. Tardaguila, J., Petrie, P.R., Poni, S., Diago, M.P., & de Toda, M. (2008). Effects of mechanical thinning on yield and fruit composition of Tempranillo and Grenache grapes trained to a Vertical Shoot-Postioned canopy. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59 (4), 412-417. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2008.59.4.412
51. Uzun, M. (2019). Farklı su stresi seviyelerinin organik ve konvansiyonel olarak yetiştirilen Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde tane heterojenitesi ve bileşimine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Tekirdağ.
52. Yüksel Küskü, D., & Söylemezoğlu, G. (2022). Kuraklık ve tuz stresinin V. vinifera x V. rupestris melezlerinin toplam fenolik bileşik ve antioksidan kapasiteleri üzerine etkileri. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1018772