Impact of out of pocket health expenditure on rice producers’ technical efficiency in South-West Nigeria

Abstract

The costs of agricultural input are reduced by significant out-of-pocket health bills, which results in decreased productivity or poverty. The study examined the effect of out-of-pocket health expenditure on technical efficiency of rice producers in southwest Nigeria, using a translog functional form approach. The study's samples were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The findings had a mean area of farmland cultivated (3.02ha), output obtained (2438.33Kg), cost of drugs and herbs (₦8,253.44; $23.19), cost of medical consultation (₦1,378.82; $3.87), cost of feeding (₦751.57; $2.11), cost of travelling (₦732.96; $2.06) and cost on preventive measures (₦651.11; $1.83). On average rice farmers lost 32.37 days to illness and healthcare facilities were located 20.67Km from the farmers home. The rice farmers were able to obtain 91.5% output from their input mix. Area of farmland cultivated, quantity of seed, quantity of herbicide and tractor hour hired positively influenced rice output while labor and quantity of insecticide had negative effects. Increased cost of; drugs and herbs, medical consultation, and distance to healthcare provider decreases technical efficiency while increase in preventive cost of ill-health, and contact with health extension workers increase technical efficiency. The study concluded that rice growers were not operatin on the frontier.

Keywords

• Out of pocket expenditure
• healthcare
• rice
• translog
• southwestern Nigeria

Cepten sağlık harcamalarının Güneybatı Nijerya’da pirinç üreticilerinin teknik verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi

Öz

Tarımsal girdi maliyetleri, önemli ölçüde cepten sağlık faturaları ile azaltılmakta ve bu da üretkenliğin veya yoksulluğun azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, cepten yapılan sağlık harcamalarının güneybatı Nijerya'daki pirinç üreticilerinin teknik verimliliği üzerindeki etkisini, translog fonksiyonel form yaklaşımı kullanarak inceledi. Çalışmanın örnekleri çok aşamalı bir örnekleme prosedürü kullanılarak seçildi. Bulgular, ekili tarım arazilerinin ortalama bir alanına (3.02ha), elde edilen çıktıya (2438.33 Kg), ilaç ve bitki maliyetine (₦8,253.44; 23.19 $), tıbbi konsültasyon maliyetine (₦1,378.82; 3.87 $), beslenme maliyetine (₦751.57; 2.11 $), seyahat maliyetine (732.96 ₦; 2.06 $) ve önleyici tedbirlerin maliyetine (₦ 651.11; 1.83 $) sahipti. Ortalama olarak, pirinç çiftçileri hastalıktan 32.37 gün kaybetti ve sağlık tesisleri çiftçilerin evinden 20.67 km uzaktaydı. Pirinç çiftçileri, girdi karışımlarından% 91,5 çıktı elde edebildiler. Ekili tarım arazilerinin alanı, tohum miktarı, herbisit miktarı ve işe alınan traktör saati pirinç üretimini olumlu yönde etkilerken, işçilik ve böcek ilacı miktarı olumsuz etkilere neden olmuştur. Artan maliyet; ilaçlar ve otlar, tıbbi konsültasyon ve sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcısına olan mesafe teknik verimliliği azaltırken, kötü sağlığın önleyici maliyetindeki artış ve sağlık uzatma çalışanlarıyla temas teknik verimliliği artırmaktadır. Çalışma, çiftçilerin sınırda faaliyet göstermediği sonucuna varmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aile bütçesi harcaması
• sağlık
• pirinç
• Güneybatı Nijerya

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