A detailed experimental knowledge on differentiation of nutritional quality depending on the phenological stages of native cool season grasses and satisfying the daily maintenance requirements of livestock

Abstract

Aims: For a proper range management and livestock feeding operations need to detailed chemical analyses and knowledge on pasture composition.

Methods and Results: Seven native cool-season grasses that are Festuca arundinaceae L., Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv., Phleum pretense L., Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss., Lolium perenne L. and Hordeum bulbosum L. were evaluated for their nutritive value at five different phenological stages. The chemical composition, quality and therefore their feeding value so the animal performance are directly under control of the stage of plant phenology. Stage of plant maturity decreases dry matter digestibility, dry matter intake and protein content, but increases in lignocellulosic structure with the advance phenology of the whole investigated perennial species.

Conclusions: The species which have thickand longer leaves, and higher leaf/stem ratio determined as the more digestible, and also the metabolizable energy of the fast growing ones was considerably higher. The vast majority of the minerals’ concentration was distinctly reduced at stem elongation to flowering and then increased remarkably from that point to developing seed stalks. The fast growing species accumulated the minerals more. Grass Tetany risk (K/(Ca+Mg)) of the investigated species increased remarkably at head emergence and flowering stage. Most of the species were detected within the boundaries of the recommended Ca/P ratio for diet.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The native pastures seem to satisfy the daily maintenance requirements of most livestock in respect to most minerals without any supplementation via correct timing for feeding.

Keywords

• feed quality,livestock,maintenance requirement,native grasses,plant growth stages

Doğal serin iklim buğdaygil yembitkilerinin bitki gelişme dönemlerine bağlı yem kalitesi değişimi ve çiftlik hayvanlarının günlük ihtiyacını karşılayabilme yetenekleri

Öz

Amaç: Doğru bir mera yönetimi ve hayvan besleme ilkeleri açısından mera kompozisyonu üzerinde detaylı kimyasal inceleme ve yoğun bir bilgiye ihtiyaç vardır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mevcut araştırmada; doğal çok yıllık serin mevsim buğdaygil türleri, Festuca arundinaceae L., Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv., Phleum pretense L., Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss., Lolium perenne L. ve Hordeum bulbosum L. beş farklı bitki gelişim döneminde hayvan besleme kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bitki kimyasal kompozisyonu, kalite ve dolayısıyla besleme değerleri yani hayvan performansı bitki gelişim dönemlerinden doğrudan etkilenmektedir. İncelenen tüm türlerde kuru maddenin sindirilebilirliği, alımı ve protein içerikleri bitki olgunlaşması ile birlikte azaltırken, lignifikasyon artmıştır.

Genel Yorum: İnce uzun yapraklı ve yaprak/sap oranı yüksek olan türlerin sindirilebilirlik oranlarının daha yüksek oldukları belirlenmiştir. Hızlı büyüyen türlerde ise metabolize olabilir enerji içeriğinin yüksekliği dikkate değer bulunmuştur Mineral elementlerin büyük çoğunluğunun konsantrasyonu sapa kalkma ve çiçeklenme dönemi arasında belirgin şekilde azalırken, bu dönemden başak/salkım çıkarma aşamasına kadar önemli bir artış saptanmıştır. Hızlı büyüyen türlerde mineral element birikimi de daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. İncelenen türlerde çayır tetanisi riski (K/(Ca+Mg)) çiçeklenme aşamasında belirgin bir şekilde artış göstermiştir. Hesaplanan Ca/P oranının, tüm türler için rasyonda olması önerilen sınırlar içinde bulunduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma bulguları incelenen doğal mera bitkilerinin, çoğu mineral element açısından çiftlik hayvanlarının günlük gereksinimlerini, herhangi bir ilaveye gerek olmaksızın karşılayabilecek kapasitede olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Feed quality,livestock,maintenance requirement,native grasses

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