Akdeniz koşullarında yüzey ve yüzeyaltı damla sulama yöntemi ile sulanan soya fasulyesinin sulama açığına tepkisinin taç sıcaklığı kullanılarak karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Su kaynaklarının sınırlı olduğu kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde hem tarımsal üretim hem de su kaynaklarının optimizasyonu için sulama suyu kullanım verimliliği önemli bir konudur. Bu alanların çoğunda yüzey damla sulama yöntemi (DI) yaygın olarak kullanılmakla birlikte, yüzey altı damla sulama yöntemi (SDI) son yıllarda yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yüzey (DI) ve yüzey altı damla sulama (SDI) yöntemleri ile sulanan soya bitkisinin infrared termometre ile ölçülen taç sıcaklığı üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmak ve soya fasulyesi üzerindeki eksik sulamaya etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışma, iki farklı sulama yöntemi (yüzey damla sulama (DI) ve yüzey-altı damla sulama (SDI) ve dört farklı sulama düzeyinde (%0, %60, %80 ve %100) üç tekerrürlü olarak tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde yürütülmüştür. Bitki taç sıcaklıkları, sulamadan önce ve sonra 12:00 ile 15:00 saatleri arasında kızılötesi termometre ile ölçülerek elde edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Sonuçlar, sezon boyunca SDI yöntemi ile sulanan bitkilerin taç sıcaklıklarının DI yöntemine göre 2.5°C'a kadar daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada SDI yönteminden elde edilen verim değerleri (439.1 kg da^-1) DI yöntemine (395.2 kg da^-1) göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek çıkmıştır. DI yöntemi ile karşılaştırıldığında, SDI yönteminde yaklaşık 78.3 mm su tasarrufu elde edilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: SDI yöntemi ile sulanan soya fasulyesinin taç sıcaklıklarının DI yöntemine göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, her iki sulama yönteminde de taç sıcaklıkları ile verim, uygulanan sulama suyu ve evapotranspirasyon arasında yüksek düzeyde üstel bir ilişki ve negatif korelasyon olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnfrared termometre
• Glycine max
• Kısıntılı sulama
• Antalya
• Yarı-kurak

Comparison of response of soybean irrigated by surface and subsurface drip irrigation method to deficit irrigation using canopy temperature under the Mediterranean conditions

Abstract

Aims: Irrigation water use efficiency is an important issue for both agricultural production and optimization of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions where water resources are limited. Surface drip irrigation (DI) is used in most of these areas. However, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become widespread in recent years. Therefore, the effects of SDI method on the plant and contributions on the water saving should be examined and compared with the DI method in different plant and climate conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface drip (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) methods on canopy temperature measured with infrared thermometer and to evaluate deficit irrigation effects on soybean grown at the Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BAARI), Antalya, Turkey in 2017.

Methods and Results: The study was designed in a randomized complete block design to include two irrigation methods (surface drip (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)) and four different irrigation treatments (0%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) in three replications. The canopy temperatures were measured by an infrared thermometer between 12:00 and 15:00 hours before and after irrigation.

Conclusions: The results showed that the canopy temperatures of the plants irrigated with the SDI method throughout the season were up to 2.5°C lower than the DI method. Also, the yield values obtained from the SDI method (439.1 kg da^-1) were statistically higher than DI method (395.2 kg da^-1). When compared to the DI method, a water saving of approximately 78.3 mm was obtained in SDI method.

Significance and Impact of the Study: It was determined that the canopy temperatures of soybean irrigated with SDI method were lower compared to the DI method. In addition, there was a high level of exponential relationship and negative correlation between canopy temperatures and yield, applied irrigation water and evapotranspiration in both irrigation methods.

Keywords

• Infrared Thermometry
• Glycine max
• Deficit irrigation
• Antalya
• Semi-Arid

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