The Fusarium species associated with foot rot disease of wheat fields in Osmaniye province

Abstract

Aims: The aims of the study were to reveal the incidence of Fusarium Foot Rot Disease of Wheat in Osmaniye Province, to determine Fusarium species associated with the disease and their pathogenicity.

Methods and Results: In 2018, totally 51 fields were surveyed in Osmaniye and nearby districts and plant samples were collected. Fusarium species and the other fungi were isolated according to standard mycological procedure and classical / molecular methods were followed for their identification. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in pots in outside for 4.5 months and the virulence of the isolates were determined by lesion occurrence on the crown of plants. According to results; the disease prevalence, average disease incidence and severity in the region were found to be 100%, 71% and 31.7% respectively. Eight Fusarium species (F. acuminatum, F. algeriense, F. brachygibbosum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. nygamai and F. pseudograminearum) furthermore Septoriella hirta, Microdochium nivale, Rhizoctionia sp. and the other species were isolated from the symptomatic plants. Among these fungi, the most frequently isolated species were Septoriella hirta (49.3%), Microdochium nivale (13.5%), Rhizoctonia sp. (13.1%) and Fusarium acuminatum (13.0%). According to pathogenicity test results, the most virulent Fusarium species were F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum and F. incarnatum with a disease severity of 31.4%, 21.1% and 19.2%. In contrast, the other Fusarium species caused slight lesions ranging from %4.7 to %7.8. According to our current knowledge; Fusarium algeriense was detected for the first time in wheat growing areas of Turkey. In addition to Fusaria, Septoriella hirta and Microdochium nivale emerged as two important species to take into consideration in monoculture wheat growing areas.

Conclusions: This study revealed that Fusarium Foot Rot is an important disease and it should be considered for disease management in the Osmaniye province.

Significance and Impact of the Study: In the study, This study has contributed to the information associated with fungal flora of foot rot disease in wheat growing areas of Turkey. Revealing the current situation of the disease is also important for the other studies aiming at disease management.

Keywords

• Disease incidence
• Septoriella hirta
• Fusarium algeriense
• Microdochium nivale

Osmaniye ili buğday ekim alanlarında sap çürüklüğü hastalığıyla ilişkili Fusarium türleri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Osmaniye İli buğday ekim alanlarında, Fusarium Sap Çürüklüğü Hastalığı’nın oluşumu, hastalıkla ilişkili türlerin saptanması ve bu türlerin patojenisitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: 2018 yılında Osmaniye ve çevresinde toplam 51 tarla incelenmiş ve bitki örnekleri toplanmıştır. Fusarium türleri ve diğer funguslar standart mikolojik izolasyon yöntemleriyle elde edilmiş ve bunların tanısı için klasik ve moleküler teknikler kullanılmıştır. Patojenisite testleri 4.5 ay süreyle, açık alanda, saksılarda yürütülmüş, bitkilerin kök boğazındaki lezyonların oluşum düzeylerine göre izolatların virülenslikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre; hastalığın bölgedeki yaygınlığı, tarlalardaki ortalama görülme oranı ve şiddetinin sırasıyla %100, %71 ve %31.7 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hastalık belirtisi gösteren bitkilerden 8 farklı Fusarium türü (F. acuminatum, F. algeriense, F. brachygibbosum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. nygamai ve F. pseudograminearum) ve ayrıca Septoriella hirta, Microdochium nivale, Rhizoctionia sp ve diğer türler izole edilmiştir. Bu funguslar arasında en sık izole edilen türler; Septoriella hirta (%49.3), Microdochium nivale (%13.5), Rhizoctonia sp. (%13.1) ve Fusarium acuminatum (%13.0) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Patojenisite testi sonuçlarına göre en virülent Fusarium türlerinin %31.4, %21.1 ve %19.2’lik hastalık şiddeti ile F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum ve F. incarnatum türleri olmuştur. Buna karşın diğer Fusarium türleri ise %4.7 ile %7.8 oranlarında değişen hafif lezyonlar oluşturmuşlardır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Fusarium algeriense Türkiye buğday ekim alanlarında ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Fusarium’lara ek olarak, Septoriella hirta ve Microdochium nivale’nin monokültür buğday yetiştirilen alanlarda dikkate alınması gereken iki önemli tür oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Fusarium Sap Çürüklüğü Hastalığı’nın Osmaniye ili için önemli ve dikkate alınması gereken bir hastalık olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışma Türkiye buğday ekim alanlarında sap çürüklüğüyle ilişkili fungal florayla ilgili bilgilere katkıda bulunmuştur. Güncel durumun ortaya çıkarılması, hastalıkla mücadele amacı güden diğer çalışmalar için de önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hastalık sıklığı
• Septoriella hirta
• Fusarium algeriense
• Microdochium nivale

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