Investigation on the possible use of antagonistic bacteria in biological control of parsley bacterial leaf spot disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii)

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the potentials of biological control efficacies of epiphytic bacteria isolated from parsley roots against parsley bacterial leaf spot disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv apii (Psa) in in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Methods and Results: 48 candidate bacterial isolates were isolated from the root areas of healthy parsley plants. The diagnosis of bacterial isolates was made with MALDI-TOF. In addition to the antagonistic effects of 40 isolated and diagnosed bacterial isolates against the disease agent in vitro conditions, antagonistic and plant growth-promoting mechanisms such as siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA), protease, ammonia production and phosphorus dissolution potentials were determined.
In in vivo efficacy trials, bacterial isolates prevented disease development by 16-58 % in plants that were applied in different ways (seed coating, seed coating + leaf spraying and leaf spraying applications) and the most effective isolate was determined to be Bacillus simplex PANT91. When different applications are compared, it is determined that seed coating + leaf applications were found generally more effective than other applications in terms of preventing disease outflow.

Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that biological control with antagonist bacteria may be effective against parsley bacterial spot disease (Psa).

Significance and Impact of the Study: Since there is no known effective chemical control against the disease and antibiotic use is prohibited in many countries, It is inevitable to investigate alternative biological control methods against this disease. It is believed that these isolates can be effective against parsley bacterial spot disease and can be used as a biological control agent.

Keywords

• Parsley
• Bacterial leaf spot
• Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii
• Biological control
• Bacillus simplex

Maydanoz bakteriyel yaprak leke hastalığı (Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii) ile biyolojik mücadelede antagonist bakterilerin kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, maydanoz köklerinden izole edilen epifit bakterilerin in vitro ve in vivo koşullarda Maydanoz Bakteriyel Yaprak Leke Hastalığı etmeni Pseudomonas syringae pv apii (Psa)’ ye karşı biyolojik mücadele potansiyellerinin belirlenmesidir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Sağlıklı maydanoz bitkilerinin kök bölgelerinden 48 adet aday antagonist bakteri izolatı izole edilmiştir. Bakteri izolatlarının tanısı MALDI-TOF ile yapılmıştır. İzole edilen ve tanısı yapılan 40 bakteri izolatının in vitro koşullarda hastalık etmenine karşı antagonistik etkilerinin yanı sıra siderofor, indol asetik asit (IAA), proteaz, amonyak üretimi ve fosfor çözme potansiyelleri gibi etki mekanizmaları belirlenmiştir. Antagonistik etkinin belirlendiği antibiyosis testinde en yüksek indeks değeri Pseudomonas thivervalensis PANT107 (5.08) izolatında belirlenmiş olup bunu Pseudomonas brassicacearum PANT83 (4.17) ve Bacillus simplex PANT91 (2.94) izolatı izlemiştir. İn vivo etkinlik denemelerinde bakteri izolatları farklı (tohum kaplama, tohum kaplama+yaprak püskürtme ve yaprak püskürtme uygulamaları) şekillerde uygulandıkları bitkilerde hastalık gelişimini % 16-58 oranında engellemiş olup, en etkili izolatın. Bacillus simplex PANT91 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar karşılaştırıldığında genel olarak tohum+yaprak uygulamalarının hastalık çıkışını engelleme açısından diğer uygulamalara göre daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Yapılan bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar Maydanoz Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığı etmenine (Psa) karşı mücadelede antagonist bakteriler ile biyolojik mücadelenin etkili olabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Hastalık etmenine karşı bilinen etkili bir kimyasal mücadelesi olmaması ve antibiyotik kullanımının birçok ülkede yasak olması sebebiyle alternatif biyolojik mücadele yöntemleri araştırılması kaçınılmazdır. Yapılacak çalışmalar sonucunda bu izolatların maydanoz bakteriyel leke hastalığına karşı etkili olabileceği ve biyolojik mücadele elemanı olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maydanoz
• Bakteriyel yaprak lekesi
• Pseudomonas syringae pv apii
• Biyolojik mücadele
• Bacillus simplex

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