Determination of phenolic components of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) from Muğla-Ula region in Turkey

Abstract

Aims: In this research, it was aimed to determine the phenolic components of Vitex agnus‐castus L. (Chaste) samples belonging to Verbenaceae family, which is one of the significant medicinal plants of our country.

Methods and Results: In this research, Vitex agnus-castus L. leaf and flower samples provided from during flowering grown under from Karabörtlen area (81 m) ecological conditions. Samples were then dried in a semi-shadowy and airy place at room temperature (at 25°C) to be used in the extraction process. In this study, the phenolic composition obtained from Vitex agnus-castus was analyzed and determined by UPLC-ESI-MS / MS¯ method. Totally, 8 phenolic components were determined in leaf and flower samples. Among the phenolic components of chasteberry (Vitex agnus- castus L.) obtained from leaf and flower samples during the flowering period, the most effective components; protocatechuic acid 4906.02 (mg kg¯); 4-hydroxy benzoic acid 1603.88 mg kg¯), gentisic acid 668.49 (mg kg¯) were found out.

Conclusions: Plant-derived natural products have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties, including several compounds.Most of these bioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolic components found in plants. Phenolic compounds as antioxidants can prevent many diseases such as cancer, heart disease, cataracts, eye diseases, old age diseases, etc. The results of this study also showed that Vitex agnus-castus leaf and flower samples, were rich in phenolic components.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study indicated that Vitex agnus-castus possess a potential source of phenolics, and may be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as a protective agent to reduce oxidative damage in terms of phenolic components. This research can be used to guide current and future research.

Keywords

• Verbenaceae
• Vitex agnus castus
• phenolic components
• Muğla-Ula
• Turkey

Muğla-Ula yöresinde Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) fenolik bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ülkemizin önemli tıbbi bitkilerinden olan Verbenaceae familyasına ait, Vitex agnus‐castus L. (Hayıt)’ın fenolik bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, Karabörtlen (81 m) ekolojik koşullarda çiçeklenme döneminde Vitex agnus-castus L. yaprak ve çiçek örnekleri toplanmıştır. Örnekler daha sonra ekstraksiyon işleminde kullanılmak üzere oda sıcaklığında (25 °C'de) yarı gölgeli ve havadar bir yerde kurutulmuştur. Çalışmamızda Vitex agnus-castus’ten elde edilen fenolik bileşiklerin kompozisyonu UPLC-ESI-MS/MS yöntemiyle analiz edilip tespit edilmiştir. Çiçeklenme döneminde elde edilen yaprak ve çiçek örneklerinde toplamda 8 fenolik bileşen belirlenmiştir. Hayıtın (Vitex agnus castus L.) çiçeklenme döneminde yaprak ve çiçek örneklerinden elde edilen fenolik bileşenleri arasında en etkili bileşenler; protokatekuik asit 4906.02 (mg kg¯); 4-hidroksi benzoik asit 1603.88 mg kg¯), gentisik asit 668.49 (mg kg¯) olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Bitki kaynaklı doğal ürünler ve bitkisel ürünlerin içeriğinde bulunan birçok bileşen çeşitli farmakolojik özelliklerinden dolayı son yıllarda büyük ilgi görmüştür. Bitkilerde bulunan bu biyoaktif bileşiklerin çoğu, terpenoidler, alkaloidler ve fenolik bileşenler gibi ikincil (sekonder) metabolitleridir. Antioksidan olarak fenolik bileşikler kanser, kalp hastalığı, katarakt, göz hastalıkları, yaşlılık hastalıkları vb. birçok hastalığı önleyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Vitex agnus-castus yaprak ve çiçek örneklerinin fenolik bileşenler bakımından zengin olduğunu göstermiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, V. agnus-castus’un potansiyel bir fenol kaynağına sahip olduğuna ve gıda, ilaç ve kozmetik endüstrilerinde fenolik bileşenler açısından oksidatif hasarı azaltmak için koruyucu bir ajan olarak kullanılabileceğini gösterdi. Bu çalışma mevcut ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için rehberlik etmek için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Verbenaceae
• Vitex agnus castus
• Fenolik bileşen
• Muğla-Ula
• Türkiye

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