Diurnal and nocturnal variability of essential oil content and components of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavender)

Year 2019, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 268 - 278, 18.12.2019

Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım , Ercüment Osman Sarıhan , Havva Kul Khalid Mahmood Khawar

Abstract

Aims:
The study aimed to make a
comprehensive comparison in the effects of both diurnal and nocturnal
variations at full bloom on dried flowers, peduncles and leaves were checked on
the essential oil contents and components of lavender under hot-summer
Mediterranean (Csa type) climatic conditions of Uşak province (Turkey).

Methods and Results:
The samples of flowers, peduncles
and leaves were harvested at full blooming (14 July) using eight different
times (06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 00:00; 03:00) in 24 hours. The
air-dried (shade) 100 g each of flowers, peduncles and leaves were taken from
the plants and water distilled for 3 h with usage of a Clevenger-type
apparatus. Than,
the essential oil samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis for their components.

Conclusions:
The percentage of essential oil
components varied and was influenced by the type of sample and the time of
harvest. The results demonstrated that the essential oil contents changed
between 6.73-10.27% for flowers, 0.29-0.76% for peduncles, and 0.08-0.42% for
leaves. According to GC-MS analysis; Linalool,
terpinene-4-ol, camphor, borneol, 1,8 cineole, lavandulol, β-pinene and β-farnesene were determined as the main components during full flowering period.
The highest essential oil (10.27%) was obtained from flowers harvested at 15:00
with linalool as main compound
of Lavender essential oil.

Significance and Impact of
the Study: It
was concluded that the harvest at 09:00 should be preferred for production of
high quantity of camphor and nocturnal harvest at 03:00 should be preferred for
production of high quality linalool from Lavender essential oils. The results
depicted that the amount of linalool was higher in flowers and peduncles and
camphor was higher in leaves.

Keywords

harvest time, essential oil, compositions, Mediterranean (Csa type) climate

Diurnal ve nocturnal varyabilitenin Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavender) uçucu yağ içeriğine ve bileşenlerine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye’nin Akdeniz iklim
kuşağında yer alan Uşak ili ekolojik koşullarında, sıcak yaz Akdeniz ikliminde
(Csa tipi) yetiştirilen lavanta bitkisinin tam çiçeklenme döneminde hasat
edilen; çiçek, çiçek sapı (peduncle) ve yapraklarındaki uçucu yağ miktarı ve
bileşenleri ile bu bileşenlerin diurnal ve nocturnal varyabiliteleri
incelenmiştir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çiçek,
çiçek sapı ve yaprak örnekleri tam çiçeklenme döneminde (14 Temmuz) 24 saat
içerisinde sekiz farklı (06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 00:00;
03:00) zamanda hasat edilmiştir. Gölgede kurutulan yüzer gramlık çiçek, çiçek
sapı ve yaprak örnekleri 3 saat süre ile Clevenger tipi aparat kullanılarak su
buharı distilasyon ile uçucu yağları elde edilmiş ve elde edilen uçucu yağların
bileşenlerine GC-MS ile bakılmıştır.

Genel Yorum: Elde edilen
bileşenlerin yüzdesi; hasat zamanına ve alınan numunenin türüne göre değişim
göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar; uçucu yağ içeriğinin çiçeklerde
%6.73-10.27, çiçek sapında (pedinkül) %0.29-0.76 ve yapraklarda ise %0.08-0.42
arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. GC-MS sonuçlarına göre; tam çiçeklenme
döneminde ana bileşenler olarak Linalool,
terpinene-4-ol, camphor, borneol, 1,8 cineole, lavandulol, β-pinene ve β-farnesene belirlenmiştir. En yüksek
uçucu yağ (%10.27) ile saat 15:00'de toplanan çiçeklerden elde edilmiş, ana
bileşen olarak ise linalool
belirlenmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Lavanta
uçucu yağında, yüksek oranda kafur (camphor)
için saat 09:00’da yapılacak hasadın, linalool
için ise gece saat 03:00’de yapılacak hasadın uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar, çiçeklerde ve çiçek saplarında linalool
miktarının, yapraklarda ise kafurun daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

hasat zamanı, uçucu yağ, bileşenler, Akdeniz (Csa tipi) iklimi

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