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Arıtılmış atık su kalitesinin sulama suyu açısından ilgili mevzuatlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi: Van ili örneği

Year 2019, Special Issue: 1st Int. Congress on Biosystems Engineering 2019, 249 - 256, 27.12.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Van ili Kentsel Arıtma Tesisi çıkış suyu kalitesinin sulamada kullanım için uygun olup olmadığını ilgili mevzuatlar çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Çalışmada, sulama sezonunu temsil eden Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında arıtılmış atık su örnekleri alınarak analiz yapılmıştır. Analizde; pH, EC, katyonlar (Ca, Mg, Na, K), anyonlar (CO3, HC03, S04, Cl), kimyasal ve biyolojik oksijen ihtiyaçları, askıda katı maddeler, toplam azot (TN) ve toplam fosfor (TP), fekal koliform, mikro element ve ağır metal içerikleri (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca % Na, sodyum adsorpsiyon oranı (SAR), kalıcı sodyum karbonat (RSC) ve Langelier saturasyon indeksi (LSI) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçların yönetmelikteki sınır değerleri aşmadığı ve kısa vadeli sulamalarda güvenle kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Genel yorum: Çalışma sonunda arıtma tesisi çıkış suyunun (arıtılmış atık su) ilgili mevzuatta belirtilen sınır değerlerini aşmadığı görülmüştür. Arıtılmış atık suların sulama için kısa vadeli kullanımlarda güvenle kullanılabileceği uzun vadeli kullanımlarda ise su kalitesinin kontrol edilmesi gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Son yıllarda azalmakta olan mevcut temiz su kaynaklarının korunması ve üzerindeki baskının azaltılması için alternatif bir su kaynağı olan arıtılmış atık suların sulamada kullanılması önem arz etmektir. Ayrıca arıtılmış atık sular, içerisinde ihtiva ettiği besin elementleri sayesinde tarımsal üretimde kimyasal girdi miktarını da azaltmış olacaktır.

References

  • Anonim (1996) Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/epa-3050b.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ağustos 2015)
  • Anonim (2007) Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/3051a.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ağustos 2015).
  • Anonim (2008) Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliğinde değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/02/20080213-13.htm (Erişim tarihi: 15 Temmuz 2018).
  • Anonim (2010) Atıksu Arıtma Tesisleri Teknik Usuller Tebliği.
  • Anonim (2015) AOAC, ‘‘Official methods of analysis’’, method 979.09.
  • Anonim (2016) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendir me/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=VAN (Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018).
  • APHA (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater https://www.mwa.co.th/download/file_upload/SMWW_1000-3000.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 5 Temmuz 2015).
  • Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1994) Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigastion and Drainage Paper-29 Rev.1., Rome, Italy.
  • Ayyıldız M (1983) Sulama Suyu Kalitesi ve Tuzluluk Problemleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 879/244.
  • Becerra-Castro C, Lopes AR, Vaz-Moreira I, Silva EF, Manaia CM, Nunes OC (2015) Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environment International, 75, 117-135.
  • Eaton FM (1950) Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Science, 69, 123-133.
  • Eckner KF (1998) Comparison of membran filtration and multiple-tupe fermentation by the coliert and enterolent methods for detection of waterborne coliform bacteria and bathing water quality monitoring in Southern Sweden. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(8), 3079-3083.
  • EPA (2004) Guidelines For Water Reuse. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
  • FAO (1985) The State of Food And Agriculture. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-ap665e.pdf) (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2017).
  • Gourbesville P (2008) Challenges for integrated water resources management. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 33, 284-289.
  • HACH (2005) DR 5000 Spectrometer Procedures Manuel, http://tr.hach.com/quick. searchdownloadsearch.jsa?keywords=kullan%C4%B1 (Erişim tarihi: 25 Haziran 2016).
  • HACH (2010) Hach Bodtrak II, http://tr.hach.com/bod-trak-ii-aksesuarlar-ile-birlikte-respirometrikboi-aparat/productdownloadsd (Erişim tarihi: 25 Haziran 2016).
  • Hatcher JT, Wilcox LV (1950) Colorimetric determination of boron using carmine. Analytical Chemistry, 22(4), 567-569.
  • Hussain I, Raschid L, Hanjra MA, Marikar F, Van Der Hoek W (2002) Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Review of Impacts and Methodological Issues in Valuing Impacts: with an Extended List of Bibliographical References, Iwmi.
  • Islam MS, Shamsad SZKM (2009) Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra district in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 507-608.
  • Kontas A, Kucuksezgin F, Altay O, Uluturhan E (2004) Monitoring of eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the Izmir Bay (Turkey) before and after wastewater treatment. Plant. Environ. Int., 29, 1057-1062.
  • Kanber R, Kırda C, Tekinel O (1992) Sulama Suyu Niteliği ve Sulamada Tuzluluk Sorunları. Ç.Ü. Zir. Fak. Yayınları. Genel Yayın No.21 Ders Kitabı. Yayın No:6, Adana.
  • Kanber R, Ünlü M (2010) Tarımda su ve toprak tuzluluğu. Çukurova Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 281, Kitap No: A-87, Adana.
  • Kang S, Shi W, Zhang J (2000) An improved water-use efficiency for maize grown under regulated deficit irrigation. Field Crops Research, 67(3), 207-214.
  • Lazarova V, Bahri A (2004) Water reuse for irrigation: agriculture, landscapes, and turf grass, CRC Press.
  • Metcalf ve Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse, Fourth Edition, McGrawHill, New York.
  • Qadir M, Scott CA (2010) Non-Pathogenic Trade-Offs of Wastewater Irrigation. In: Drechsel, P., Scott, C. A., Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M. & Bahri, A. (Eds.) Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low Income Countries. London: Earthscan.
  • Rafferty K (1999) Scaling in Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. U.S. Department of Energy, Oregon, USA.
  • Raschid-Sally L, Jayakody P (2009) Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: Results from a global assessment, IWMI.
  • Tüzüner A (1990) Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuvarları El Kitabı, T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • UN (2014) The United Nations World Water Development Report. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Şubat 2018).
  • USSL (1954) United States Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Şaline and Alkali Soils, Agiculture handbook No:60. USDA.
  • WHO (1989) Health Guidelines for the Use of Wastewater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. Report of a WHO Scientific Group, Technical Report Series No: 778, Geneva.

Evaluation of treated wastewater quality in terms of irrigation water within the framework of related legislation: the case of Van province

Year 2019, Special Issue: 1st Int. Congress on Biosystems Engineering 2019, 249 - 256, 27.12.2019

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the effluent quality of outlet water at Van Province Urban Treatment Facility outlet water is suitable for use in irrigation within the framework of relevant legislation.
Methods and Results: In the study, the analysis was carried out at treated waste water samples the months representing the irrigation season (June, July, August and September). In the analysis; pH, EC, cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), anions (CO3, HCO3, SO4, and Cl), chemical and biological oxygen needs, suspended solids, total N and P, fecal coliform, micro element and heavy metal contents (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were determined. In addition, % Na, sodium adsorption rate, permanent sodium carbonate and Langelier saturation index values were calculated. It has been determined that the results did not exceed the limit values in the regulation and can be used safely in short term irrigation.
Conclusions: According to the obtained results of the evaluation, the limit values id not exceed based on the ’’Turkey Wastewater Treatment Facility Technical Procedures Communique’’ and It has been observed that the use of treated wastewater in irrigation will not pose a risk.
Significance and Impact of the Study: In recent years, it is important to use treated wastewater, which is an alternative water source, for irrigation in order to preserve and reduce the pressure on existing clean water resources. In addition, thanks to the nutrients it contains in the treated wastewater, it will reduce the amount of chemical input in agricultural production.

References

  • Anonim (1996) Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/epa-3050b.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ağustos 2015)
  • Anonim (2007) Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/3051a.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11 Ağustos 2015).
  • Anonim (2008) Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliğinde değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/02/20080213-13.htm (Erişim tarihi: 15 Temmuz 2018).
  • Anonim (2010) Atıksu Arıtma Tesisleri Teknik Usuller Tebliği.
  • Anonim (2015) AOAC, ‘‘Official methods of analysis’’, method 979.09.
  • Anonim (2016) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendir me/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=VAN (Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018).
  • APHA (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater https://www.mwa.co.th/download/file_upload/SMWW_1000-3000.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 5 Temmuz 2015).
  • Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1994) Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigastion and Drainage Paper-29 Rev.1., Rome, Italy.
  • Ayyıldız M (1983) Sulama Suyu Kalitesi ve Tuzluluk Problemleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 879/244.
  • Becerra-Castro C, Lopes AR, Vaz-Moreira I, Silva EF, Manaia CM, Nunes OC (2015) Wastewater reuse in irrigation: A microbiological perspective on implications in soil fertility and human and environmental health. Environment International, 75, 117-135.
  • Eaton FM (1950) Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Science, 69, 123-133.
  • Eckner KF (1998) Comparison of membran filtration and multiple-tupe fermentation by the coliert and enterolent methods for detection of waterborne coliform bacteria and bathing water quality monitoring in Southern Sweden. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(8), 3079-3083.
  • EPA (2004) Guidelines For Water Reuse. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
  • FAO (1985) The State of Food And Agriculture. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-ap665e.pdf) (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2017).
  • Gourbesville P (2008) Challenges for integrated water resources management. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 33, 284-289.
  • HACH (2005) DR 5000 Spectrometer Procedures Manuel, http://tr.hach.com/quick. searchdownloadsearch.jsa?keywords=kullan%C4%B1 (Erişim tarihi: 25 Haziran 2016).
  • HACH (2010) Hach Bodtrak II, http://tr.hach.com/bod-trak-ii-aksesuarlar-ile-birlikte-respirometrikboi-aparat/productdownloadsd (Erişim tarihi: 25 Haziran 2016).
  • Hatcher JT, Wilcox LV (1950) Colorimetric determination of boron using carmine. Analytical Chemistry, 22(4), 567-569.
  • Hussain I, Raschid L, Hanjra MA, Marikar F, Van Der Hoek W (2002) Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Review of Impacts and Methodological Issues in Valuing Impacts: with an Extended List of Bibliographical References, Iwmi.
  • Islam MS, Shamsad SZKM (2009) Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra district in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 507-608.
  • Kontas A, Kucuksezgin F, Altay O, Uluturhan E (2004) Monitoring of eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the Izmir Bay (Turkey) before and after wastewater treatment. Plant. Environ. Int., 29, 1057-1062.
  • Kanber R, Kırda C, Tekinel O (1992) Sulama Suyu Niteliği ve Sulamada Tuzluluk Sorunları. Ç.Ü. Zir. Fak. Yayınları. Genel Yayın No.21 Ders Kitabı. Yayın No:6, Adana.
  • Kanber R, Ünlü M (2010) Tarımda su ve toprak tuzluluğu. Çukurova Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 281, Kitap No: A-87, Adana.
  • Kang S, Shi W, Zhang J (2000) An improved water-use efficiency for maize grown under regulated deficit irrigation. Field Crops Research, 67(3), 207-214.
  • Lazarova V, Bahri A (2004) Water reuse for irrigation: agriculture, landscapes, and turf grass, CRC Press.
  • Metcalf ve Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse, Fourth Edition, McGrawHill, New York.
  • Qadir M, Scott CA (2010) Non-Pathogenic Trade-Offs of Wastewater Irrigation. In: Drechsel, P., Scott, C. A., Raschid-Sally, L., Redwood, M. & Bahri, A. (Eds.) Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low Income Countries. London: Earthscan.
  • Rafferty K (1999) Scaling in Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. U.S. Department of Energy, Oregon, USA.
  • Raschid-Sally L, Jayakody P (2009) Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: Results from a global assessment, IWMI.
  • Tüzüner A (1990) Toprak ve Su Analiz Laboratuvarları El Kitabı, T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • UN (2014) The United Nations World Water Development Report. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12 Şubat 2018).
  • USSL (1954) United States Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Şaline and Alkali Soils, Agiculture handbook No:60. USDA.
  • WHO (1989) Health Guidelines for the Use of Wastewater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. Report of a WHO Scientific Group, Technical Report Series No: 778, Geneva.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Talip Çakmakcı 0000-0001-5815-1256

Ustun Sahin 0000-0002-1924-1715

Publication Date December 27, 2019
Submission Date November 27, 2019
Acceptance Date December 17, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Special Issue: 1st Int. Congress on Biosystems Engineering 2019

Cite

APA Çakmakcı, T., & Sahin, U. (2019). Arıtılmış atık su kalitesinin sulama suyu açısından ilgili mevzuatlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi: Van ili örneği. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 24, 249-256.

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