Monitoring Soil Electrical Conductivity as an Agricultural Management Tool in Drip-Irrigated Citrus Field via EM38

Year 2019, Special Issue: 1st Int. Congress on Biosystems Engineering 2019, 188 - 195, 27.12.2019

Burcak Kapur , Mahmut Çetin , Harun Kaman , Eser Çeliktopuz

Abstract

Toprak tuzluluğu, bitkisel üretimi ve toprak kalitesini etkileyen en önemli çevresel sorunlardan birisidir. Bu nedenle, alansal ve zamansal toprak tuzluluğunun izlenmesi, özellikle daha iyi sürdürülebilir toprak yönetimi ve bitkisel üretim için son derece önemlidir. Elektromanyetik indüksiyon (EM) tekniği, toprakta ve suda görünür kütle tuzluluğunun (ECa) ölçülmesinde ve haritalanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir tekniktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adana ilinde bulunan damla sulama sistemi ile sulanan narenciye bahçesindeki toprak tuzluluğunun zamansal ve mekansal değişkenliğini elektromanyetik indüksiyon cihazı, yani EM38 kullanarak incelemektir. EM38 cihazının hem yatay (EMh) hem de dikey (EMv) dipol oryantasyonları, sırasıyla 1- (ECah) ve 2-m (ECav) toprak derinliklerinde tuzluluk değişimini değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. ECa değerlerini ECe'nin standart toprak tuzluluk seviyelerine dönüştürmek için, ECah ve ECav için kalibrasyon denklemleri, laboratuvar analizleri ile kalibre edilmiştir. Kalibrasyon modelleri, 0,70'in üzerindeki korelasyonlarla yeterlidir. Sulama dönemi içerisinde, ECah ve ECav okumalarını sırasıyla ECev ve ECeh'in toprak tuzluluk değerlerine dönüştürdükten sonra, standart toprak tuzluluk verilerinin yorumlanması, toprak profilinde ortalama tuzluluğun, sırasıyla 1 ve 2 m toprak derinliği ile sırasıyla% 19 ve% 21 arttığını göstermektedir. Ek olarak, bahçeye çok yakın bir yerde bulunan beton kaplı bir sulama kanalı toprak tuzluluğunda bir artışa neden olmuş ve kanaldan uzaklaştıkça toprak tuzluluk değerleri düşmüştür. Bu bağlamda, sulama suyunun penetrasyonu kanaldan tarlaya doğru gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, izleme yaklaşımı pratikte başarıyla adapte edilebilir, böylece toprak tuzluluğunun kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde saptanmasıda EM38 kullanılabilir bir ekipmandır.

Keywords

EM38, Drip irrigation, Citrus, Salinity

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