Ceviz gövde kanseri hastalığı etmeni Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın tanılanması ve bazı fungisitlerin hastalık etmenine karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 46 - 56, 06.04.2020

Şener Kurt , Soner Soylu , Aysun Uysal , Emine Mine Soylu , Merve Kara

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.686111

Cited By: 9

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmada
Hatay’ın İskenderun ilçesinde Mayıs 2019 tarihinde ceviz bahçelerdeki ceviz
ağaçlarında, iletim dokularında kahverengi-koyu kahverengi renk değişikliği,
odun dokusu nekrozu ve dallarda geriye doğru ölüm hastalık belirtilerine neden
olan fungal etmenin tanılanması ve etmenin bazı fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık
düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hastalıklı dallardan, kanserlerden ve belirti göstermeyen ceviz örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen fungal izolat morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalara göre Botryosphaeria dothidea olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenisite denemeleri, fungal izolatın bölgede yetiştirilen Chandler çeşidi ceviz ağacı sürgünlerinde oldukça virülent olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut bilgilerimize göre bu çalışma, Türkiye’de cevizi enfekte eden Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın ilk raporudur. Fluazinam (0.001-0.015 µg/ml), thiophanate-methyl (0.1-10.0 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (1.0-50.0 µg/ml), trifloxystrobin (0.5-50.0 µg/ml), kresoxim-methyl (0.1-50.0 µg/ml) ve tebuconazole (0.5-50.0 µg/ml) gibi 6 farklı fungisitin farklı konsantrasyonlarının, fungal etmene karşı in vitro antifungal etkileri belirlenmiştir. Fungisitlerin ortalama etkili konsantrasyon (EC50) değerleri, Probit analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan EC50 değerlerine göre hastalık etmenine karşı en etkili fungisit fluazinam (0.002 µg/ml) olarak kaydedilmiş olup, bu fungisiti thiophanate-methyl (0.275 µg/ml), tebuconazole (0.994 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (3.993 µg/ml) ve trifloxystrobin (4.262 µg/ml) izlemiştir. En düşük antifungal etkinlik fungisitler arasında misel gelişimini %37.5 oranında engelleyen kresoxim-methyl tarafından gösterilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Bu çalışma fungal etmen Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın Türkiye’de
yetiştirilen ceviz ağaçlarında gövde kanseri hastalığa neden olduğunun ilk
kayıdıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıca Botryosphaeria
dothidea’nın sebep olduğu ceviz kanser hastalığının seçilen fungisitlerin
uygulanmasıyla ağaçların hastalıktan korunabileceğini önermektedir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Sonuç olarak, fluazinam,
thiophanate-methyl ve tebuconazole’ün fungal patojen B. dothidea’nın kontrolünde kullanım potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ceviz, Fungisit, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeriaceae

Identification of walnut stem canker disease agent Botryosphaeria dothidea and determination of in vitro antifungal efficiencies of some fungicides against the disease agent

Öz

Aims:
Symptoms of canker disease on walnut
trees included brown to dark brown discoloration of vascular tissues, wood
necrosis, and branch dieback were observed in several orchards in İskenderun
City of Hatay Province in May 2018. The aims of this study were to identify the
fungal pathogen and to determine its sensitivities against some fungicides.

Methods and Results:
Isolations were made from diseased
branches, cankers and asymptomatic walnut samples and causal disease agent was
identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea
based on morphological characteristics and molecular techniques. Pathogenicity
tests showed that fungal isolate were highly virulent on shoots of walnut (cv.
Chandler) trees commonly grown in the region. To our knowledge, this is the
first report of Botryosphaeria dothidea
infecting walnut in Turkey. In vitro antifungal
effect of different concentrations of six fungicides, fluazinam (0.001-0.015
µg/ml), thiophanate-methyl (0.1-10.0), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (1.0-50.0
µg/ml), trifloxystrobin (0.5-50.0 µg/ml), kresoxim-methyl (0.1-50.0), and
tebuconazole (0.5-50.0 µg/ml) were also evaluated against the pathogen. The
mean effective concentration (EC₅₀) values were determined by Probit
analysis. According to EC₅₀ values, fluazinam (0.002 µg/ml) was
recorded as the most effective fungicide and it was followed by thiophanate-methyl
(0.275 µg/ml), tebuconazole (0.994 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (3.993
µg/ml) and trifloxystrobin (4.262 µg/ml). The lowest antifungal efficacy was
followed by kresoxim-methly inhibiting mycelial growth by 37.5% at the highest
concentration used.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first
report of Botryosphaeria dothidea
causing stem canker diseases on walnut trees grown in Turkey. Our results also
suggest that the walnut canker disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea could be reduced effectively with the
application of selected fungicides.

Significance and Impact of
the Study: In
conclusion, our results suggest that fluazinam, thiophanate-methyl and
tebuconazole have the potential effects to control Botryosphaeria dothidea.

Anahtar Kelimeler

walnut, fungucides, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeriaceae

Kaynakça

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