Use of subsurface drip irrigation and water retention barrier to effective use of water in rice

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 108 - 121, 21.08.2020

Kürşad Demirel , Gökhan Çamoğlu , Özgür Tatar , Hakan Nar , Ahmet Boran , İlker Eroğlu , Levent Genç

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.678748

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Aims: Rice is one of the most applied irrigation waters applied plant among cultivated plants since it is grown in water or in saturated soil conditions in a significant portion of the growing season. This study was aimed to determine the effects of rice grown on water use, development, yield and some yield parameters using of both separately and jointly water retention barriers and subsurface drip irrigation methods in Enez, Edirne, Turkey in 2017.

Methods and Results: Four different treatments were applied: ponding ((control(C)), subsurface drip irrigation system (SDI), ponding + water retention barrier (C+WRB) and SDI+WRB in this study. Subsurface drip irrigation laterals were placed 10 cm deep from the soil surface and the WRB was placed at 30 cm deep. Plants were irrigated with a constant water height of 10-15 cm on the soil in C and C+WRB treatments, 20% ± 5% of the available water retention capacity is consumed without exposure to water stress in SDI and SDI+WRB treatments, the field capacity is completed. WRB and SDI applications significantly affected the irrigation water amount, grain yield and yield components of rice. The yield and irrigation water amount according to the treatments varied between 321-715 kg da-1 and 751-2444 mm, respectively.

Conclusions: In comparison to the control treatment, water saving was achieved by 27%, 50%, 69% in C+WRB, SDI and SDI + WRB treatments, respectively. Despite this, when marketable yield values are analysed according to the control treatment, it has increased by 10.8% in C+WRB, and decreased by 48.8% and 40.7% in SDI and SDI + WRB treatments. The water retention barriers and subsurface drip irrigation practices used in the study have been shown to reduce the use of irrigation water in rice production.

Significance and Impact of the Study: It can be said that these methods have the potential to be used especially in arid and semi-arid regions where water is limited or inadequate.

Keywords

Subsurface drip irrigation, rice, water saving

Supporting Institution

This work was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit,

Project Number

Project number: FBA-2017-1229

Thanks

We would like to thank Ferhat Şener and Recep Şener for their support by allocating land for the study, Mehmet Balcı who assisted in the field studies, and Dr Fatih Kahrıman for the statistical analysis.

Çeltik üretiminde suyun etkili kullanımında toprakaltı damla sulama ve su tutma bariyeri kullanımı

Abstract

Amaç: Çeltik, büyüme döneminin önemli bir bölümünde sürekli su altında veya doygun toprak koşullarında yetiştirildiğinden kültür bitkileri arasında en çok sulama suyu uygulanan bitkilerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, 2017 yılında Edirne İli, Enez İlçesinde su tutma bariyeri ve toprakaltı damla sulama yöntemlerinin hem ayrı ayrı hem de birlikte kullanımının; çeltik bitkisinde su kullanımına, gelişimine, verime ve bazı verim parametrelerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Çalışmada; Göllendirme (kontrol), toprakaltı damla sulama sistemi (SDI), göllendirme+su tutma bariyeri (kontrol+STB) ve SDI+STB olmak üzere 4 farklı konu oluşturulmuştur. SDI toprak yüzeyinden 10 cm, STB ise 30 cm derinliğe yerleştirilmiştir. Sulamalar kontrol ve kontrol+STB konularında toprak üzerinde sürekli 10-15 cm su yüksekliği bulunacak şekilde, SDI ve SDI+STB konularında ise su stresine maruz bırakmadan toprakta kullanılabilir su tutma kapasitesinin %20±5’i tüketildiğinde, tarla kapasitesine tamamlanması şeklinde yapılmıştır. STB ve SDI uygulamalarının çeltik bitkisinde sulama suyu, verim ve verim parametrelerini önemli düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür. Konulara göre verim ve sulama suyu miktarları sırasıyla 321-715 kg da-1 ve 751-2444 mm arasında değişmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Kontrol konularına oranla kontrol+STB, SDI ve SDI+STB konularında sırasıyla %27, %50, %69 oranında su tasarrufu sağlanmıştır. Buna rağmen, kontrol konusuna göre verim değerleri incelendiğinde, kontrol+STB konusunda pazarlanabilir verimi değerinin %10.8 artmış, SDI ve SDI+STB konularında ise sırasıyla %48.8 ve %40.7 azalmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan su tutma bariyeri ve toprak altı damla sulama uygulamalarının, çeltik alanlarında sulama suyu kullanımını azalttığını göstermiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu yöntemlerin, özellikle suyun sınırlı veya yetersiz olduğu kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde kullanılma potansiyeli olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

Toprakaltı damla sulama, su tasarrufu, çeltik

Project Number

Project number: FBA-2017-1229

References

• Almasraf SA, Salim AH (2018) Effects of subsurface water retention technology on crop coefficient and crop evapotranspiration of eggplant. University of Baghdad Engineering, Journal of Engineering. 24(8): 152-160.
• AL-Rawi SS, Aoda MI, Ati AS (2017) The role of subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) for growing chili pepper in Iraqi sandy soils. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 7(1): 82-89.
• Amirpour M, Shorafa M, Gorji M, Naghavi H (2016) Effect of subsurface water retention using polyethylene membranes with surface mulch and irrigation on moisture, temperature and salinity of sandy soil of an arid region in Iran. Advances in Environmental Sciences -International Journal of the Bioflux Society. 8(1): 33-41.
• Anonymous (2003) Rice irrigation in the Near East: current situation and prospects for improvement, FAO Regional Office for the Near East Cairo, Egypt. 1-23.
• Anonymous (2009) Çeltikte (Oryza sativa L.) damla sulama araştırmaları sonuç raporu (Proje No: TAGEM/TA/07/07/04/001),T.C T.K.B, TAGEM, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü EDİRNE, p.289-349.
• Beser N, Surek H (2009) Çeltikte (Oryza sativa) damla sulama araştırmaları projesi sonuç raporu. T.C.Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. Edirne.
• Blass S (1964) Sub-surface irrigation. Nassade 45:1.
• Boartright JL, Balint DE, Mackay WA, Zajicek JM (1997) Incorporation of a hydrophilic polymer into annual landscape beds. J. Environ. Hort. 15: 37-40.
• Cakır R, Surek H, Aydın H, Karata H (1998) Sprinkler irrigation - a water saving approach in rice farming. Proceedings of the 1st Inter-regional Conference on Water-Environment: Innovate Issues in Irrigation and Drainage, 16-18 September, 1998. Lisbon, Portugal. pp 287-293.
• Demirel K, Kavdır Y (2013) Effect of soil water retention barriers on turfgrass growth and soil water content. Irrig. Sci. 31(4): 689-700.
• Dunn BW, Mathews SK, Beecher HG, Thompson JA, Humphreys E (2004) Growing rice on raised beds in South-Eastern Australia. 4th International Crop Science Congress. http://www.regional.org.au./au/cs/2004/poster/1/2/705_dunna.htm
• Elhindi K, El-Hendawy S, Abdel-Salam E, Elgorban A, Ahmed M (2016) Impacts of fertigation via surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth rate, yield and flower quality of Zinnia Elegans Bragantia, Campinas. 75(1): 96-107.
• Ferguson JA, Gilmour JT (1977) Centre-Pivot sprinkler irrigation of rice. Arkansas Farm Research, March-April, 12 p.
• Finger L, Wang QJ, Malano H, Chen D, Morris M (2015) Productivity and water use of grazed subsurface drip irrigated perennial pasture in Australia. Irrigation Science. 33: 141-152.
• Galvez JF, Barahona E (2005) Changes in soil water retention due to soil kneading. Agricultural Water Management. 76: 53-61.
• Garrity DP, Vejpas C, Herrera WT (1992) Percolation barriers increase and stabilize rainfed lowland rice yields on well-drained soil. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Soil and Water Engineering for Paddy Field Management, 28-30 January 1992, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. pp 413-421.
• Gevrek MN, Beser N, Dittert K, Tatar O (2009) Effects of plastic film mulching cultivation system on some agronomic characters of rice in relation with the increase of paddy acreage. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 14: 15-29.
• Gong N (2014) Life cycle assessment of subsurface water retention technology. Michigan State University. Master Thesis, USA.
• Hayat R, Ali S (2004) Water absorption by synthetic polymer (aquasorb) and its effect on soil properties and tomato yield. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 6: 998-1002.
• He H, Ma F, Yang R, Chen L, Jia B, Cui J, Fan H, Wang X, Li L (2013) Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation, PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83103. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083103.
• Hillel D, Guron Y (1973) Relation between evapotranspiration rate and maize yield, Water Resour Research. 9: 743-748.
• Hommadi AH, Almasraf SA (2018) subsurface water retention technology improves water use efficiency and water productivity for hot pepper. Journal of Kerbala University. 16(1): 125-135.
• La Grange AM, Le Roux NJ, Gardner-Lubbe S (2009) BiplotGUI: Interactive Biplots in R. Journal of Statistical Software 30(12): 1-37.
• Lamm FR, Camp CR (2007) Subsurface drip irrigation. microirrigation for crop production. Editors: F.R.Lamm, J.E. Ayars and F.S.Nakayama, Elsevier. pp 473-551.
• Muirhead WA, Blackwell J, Humphreys E, White RJG (1989) The growth and nitrogen economy of rice under sprinkler and flood irrigation in South East Australia. I. Crop Response and N uptake, Irrigation Science 10: 183-199.
• Oliveira FC, Geisenhoff LO, Almeida ACDS, Junior JADL, Lavanholi R (2016) Economic feasibility of irrigation systems in broccoli crop. Associaçao Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola. 36(3): 460-468.
• Ottis B, Henggeler J, Vories ED (2006) Low-pressure, subsurface drip-irrigation for rice, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting [abstracts]. November 12-16, Indianapolis, Indiana.
• Ozgenc N, Erdogan FC (1988) DSİ sulamalarında bitki su tüketimleri ve sulama suyu ihtiyaçları. DSİ Basım ve Foto-Film İşletme Müdürlüğü Matbaası, Ankara. 88-91.
• Palta JP, Blake GR (1974) Effect of an asphalt barrier on water storage and drought probability. Agronomy Journal. 66: 209-212.
• R Core Team (2014) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
• Raju RA (1980) Effect of irrigation regimes on agronomic characters of rice, International Rice Research Newsletter. 5(6).
• Rajwade YA, Swain DK, Tiwari KN (2014) Subsurface drip irrigation for wet season rice production under climate variability in India, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, Medinipore (W), West Bengal, India.
• Sharma SP, Leskovara DI, Crosby KM, Volder A, Ibrahim AMH (2014) Root growth, yield, and fruit quality responses of reticulatus andinodorus melons (Cucumis Melo L.) to deficit subsurface drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 136:75-85.
• Silva ALBO, Pires RCM, Ribeiro RV, Machado EC, Blain GC, Ohashi AYP (2016) Development, yield and quality attributes of sugarcane cultivars fertigated by subsurface drip irrigation. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. 20(6): 525-532.
• Smucker AJM (1969) Asphalt moisture barriers increase water use efficiency in rice and sugarcane cultures in Taiwan. M.S. Thesis, Michigan State University, USA.
• Surek H, Aydın H, Cakır R, Karata H (1996) Rice yield under sprinkler irrigation. International Rice Research (IRRI). 21: 2-3.
• Surek H, Beser N, Negıs M, Kusku H (1998) Bazı çeltik çeşitlerinin farklı sulama koşullarındaki performanslarının belirlenmesi projesi sonuç raporu, TAGEM/IY/96/01/01/001. Edirne. Surek H (2002) Çeltik tarımı kitabı. Hasad Yayıncılık. İstanbul.
• Tabbal DF, Bouman BAM, Bhuiyan SI, Sibayan EB, Sattar MA (2002) On-Farm strategies for reducing water input in irrigated rice; case studies in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management. 56: 93-112.
• Tuna B (2012) Trakya koşulları çeltik (Oryza Sativa L.) tarımında farklı sulama uygulamaları ve su-verim-kalite ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Namık Kemal Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst.
• Tulucu K (2003) Özel bitkilerin sulanması. Ç.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi ders kitabı, yayın no:254, Adana.
• Veerara Ghavulu D, Reddy SR (1985) Efficient use of limited irrigation water in rice cultivation. Seeds & Farms. 11(10): 21-24.
• Xiaoguang Y, Huaqi W, Zhimin W, Junfang Z, Bin C, Bouman BAM (2002) Yield of aerobic rice (Han Dao) under different water regimes in North China, Proceedings of the International Work-shop on Water-wise Rice Production, 8-11 April 2002, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. pp 155-163.