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Effects of Bud Feed application on fruit set, yield and fruit quality in ‘Mikado’ and ‘Mogador’ apricot cultivars

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 345 - 354, 09.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.907725

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Bud Feed application on fruit set, yield and fruit quality in Mikado and Mogador apricot cultivars.

Methods and Results: In the study, Bud Feed (6 L 100 L-1) was applied 35 days before bud break. As a result of the study, Bud Feed application increased the initial fruit set by 14.41% in the ‘Mikado’ cultivar and 22.40% in the ‘Mogador’ cultivar compared to the control plants. In both cultivars, Bud Feed application provided 2-day earliness. This application has been found to be more effective in increasing the yield per tree and yield per decare (25.29 kg tree-1 and 4.22 ton da-1, respectively) in the ‘Mogador’ cultivar. In addition, Bud Feed application has improved fruit size and red color formation in the fruit skin in ‘Mikado’ and ‘Mogador’ cultivars.

Conclusions: Bud Feed application has been found positive in terms of improving the yield and quality of apricots in the seasons when the chilling duration is insufficient.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Insufficient winter temperatures in the Mediterranean Region may cause yield losses in early apricot cultivars. The results showed that Bud Feed application in ‘Mikado’ and ‘Mogador’ apricot cultivars can be used in early apricots to solve this problem.

References

  • Aksoy U, Kara S, Misirli A, Can HZ, Seferoglu G (1995) Effect of potassium nitrate and hydrogen cyanamide on apricot. Acta Hort 384: 431-440.
  • Anonim (2021a). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021).
  • Anonim (2021b) Akdeniz İhracatçı Birlikleri (AKİB), Yaş Meyve Sebze Sektörü Türkiye Geneli Değerlendirme Raporu. http://www.yms.org.tr/tr/default.html (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Mart 2021)
  • Anonim (2021c) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM). https://mgm.gov.tr/tarim/bisip.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021).
  • Ayanoglu H, Kaska N (1995) Preliminary results of local apricot adaptation studies in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Acta Hortic 384: 117-122.
  • Bolat İ, İkinci A (2020) Investigation on heat requirements and fruit growth of some ealry maturing apricot cultivars insemiarid conditions. Frensenius Environmental Bulletin 29: 1542-1549.
  • Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Cook N, Allderman L, Egea J (2011) Clinal variation of dormancy progression in apricot. South African Journal of Botany 77: 618–630.
  • Castède S, Campoy JA, García JQ, Le Dantec L, Lafargue M, Barreneche T, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E, (2014) Genetic determinism of phenological traits highly affected by climate change in Prunus avium: Flowering date dissected into chilling and heat requirements. New Phytol 202: 703–715.
  • Cook NC, Bergh AOD, Strydom DK, Jacobs G (2001) Budburst and yield of 'Peeka' apricot influenced by time and concentration of hydrogen cyanamide application. S Afr Plant Soil 18: 139-141.
  • Çalışkan O, Bayazıt S, Sümbül A (2012) Fruit quality and phytochemical attributes of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars as affected by genotypes and seasons. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 40: 284-294.
  • Demiral S, Ülger S (2019) Apricot culture in container for earliness. KSÜ j Agric Nat 22: 330-336.
  • Engin H, Ünal A, Gür E (2004) CCC, PP333, GA3, Dormex ve Ethrel uygulamalarının bazı kiraz çeşitlerinin çiçeklenmesi üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 41: 35-43.
  • Erez A (2000) Bud Dormancy; phenomenon, problems and solutions in the tropics and subtropics, In: Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates (Eds. Erez, A), Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 17–48.
  • Gaaliche B, Ghrab M, Ben Mimoun M (2017) Effect of hydrogen cyanamide on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of fig cv. Zidi in a warm production area. Int J Fruit Sci 17: 63–71.
  • George AJ, Lloyd J, Nissen RJ (1992) Effect of pruning date, paclobutrazol and hydrogen cyanimide on dormancy release for low chill Flordaprince peach in subtropical Australia. Aust J Exp Agric 32:89-98.
  • Ghrab M, Ben Mimoun M (2014) Effective hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) application for bud break, flowering and nut yield of pistachio trees cv. Mateur in warm growing areas. Expl Agric 50: 398-406.
  • Gundogdu M, Ercisli S, Berk S, Kan T, Canan İ, Gecer MK (2017) Diversity on color and phenolic compounds in apricot fruits. Food Measure 11: 2087-2093.
  • Hegedũs A, Engel R, Abrankó L, Balogh E, Blázovics A, Hermán R, Halász J, Ercisli S, Pedryc A, Stefanovitsbányai É (2010) Antioxidant and antiradical capacities in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits: Variations from genotypes, years, and analytical methods. J Food Sci 75: C722-C730.
  • İmrak B, Küden A, Sarıeroğullarından A, Küden AB (2009) Subtropik koşullarda örtüaltı elma yetiştiriciliği. Tarım Bilim Derg 2: 187-193.
  • İmrak B, Küden AB, Küden A, Sarıer AK, Çimen B (2016) Chemical applications affected dormancy breaking in ‘Modi’ apple cultivar under subtropical conditions. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 15: 265-277.
  • Karakum F (2016) Örtüaltında yetiştirilen erik ve kayısı çeşitlerinde hidrojen siyanamid (H2CN2) uygulamasının erkencilik ve verim üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bil. Ens., Bahçe Bitkileri ABD, 99s.
  • Kaşka N, Onur S, Onur C, Çınar A (1981) Akdeniz bölgesi için erkenci kayısı çeşitlerinin seleksiyonu. TÜBİTAK-TOAG Sonuç Raporu, 30s, Adana.
  • Kaşka N (2001) Türkiye’nin sert çekirdekli meyvelerde üretim hedefleri üzerine öneriler. I. Sert Çekirdekli Meyveler Sempozyumu. 25-28 Eylül, Yalova, s.1-16.
  • Küden AB, Kaşka N (1992) Ilıman iklim meyveleri yetiştiriciliği açısından Adana ve Pozantı’daki soğuklama sürelerinin çeşitli yöntemlerle saptanması. Doğa Tr J of Agric For 16: 50-62.
  • Küden AB, Son L (1997) Dormancy breaking experiments on apricots. Acta Hortic 441: 153-158.
  • Lopez G, DeJong TM (2007) Spring temperatures have a major effect on early stages of peach fruit growth. J Hortic Sci Biotech 82: 507-512.
  • Mahrous HAH, El-Fakhrani EMM (2006) Effect of some dormancy breaking agents on productivity, fruit quality and powdery mildew severity of apricot. Acta Hortic 701: 659-664.
  • Melgarejo P, Calin-Sanchez A, Carbonell-Barrachina A, Martinez-Nicolas JJ, Legua P, Martinez R, Hernandez F (2013) Antioxidant activity, volatile compositionand sensory profile of four new very-early apricots (Prunus armeniaca L). J Sci Food Agric 94: 85-94.
  • Melgarejo P, Legua P, martinez-Font R, Martinez-Nicolas JJ, Sorianop JS, Calin-Sanchez A, Carbonell-Barrachina A, Hernandez F (2021) Response of apricot fruit quality to protective netting. Agriculture 11, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030260.
  • North M, Cutting JGM, Jacobs G (1990) Effects of the rest breaking agent cynamide on cytokinin levels in apple shoots and buds. XXIII International Congress, Firenze, Italy), August 27-September1, pp 4216.
  • Petri JL, Leite GB, Hawerroth FJ (2010) Time of Erger application for budbreak induction in apple trees. Acta Hortic 872: 205-210.
  • Richardson EA, Seeley SD, Walker DR, Anderson JL, Ashcroft GL (1975) Pheno-climatography of spring peach bud develoment. HortScience 10: 236-237.
  • Ruiz D, Egea J, Tomas-Barberan FA, Gil M (2005). Carotenoids from new apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties and their relationship with flesh and peel color. J Agric Food Chem 53: 6368-6374.
  • Sas , 2005. SAS online doc, version 9.1.3. SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Sheard AG, Johnson SD, Cook NC (2009) Effect of timing and concentration of rest breaking agents on budburst in ‘Bing’ sweet cherry under conditions of inadequate winter chilling in South Africa. S Afr J Plant Soil 26: 73-79.
  • Son L, Küden AB (2005) Dormex and promalin affects fruit set and earliness of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and plum (Prunus domestica) cultivars. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 33: 59-64.
  • Theron KI, Gerber HJ, Steyn WJ (2011) Effect of hydrogen cyanamide, mineral oil and thidiazuron in combination with tip pruning on bud break, shoot growth and yield in ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, ‘Col de Damme Noire’ and ‘Noire de Caromb’ figs. Sci Hortic 128: 239-248.
  • Veloso A, Oliveira M, Antunes MDC (2003) The effect of hydrogen cyanamide on bud break and yield of kiwifruit in Northwest Portugal. Acta Hortic 610: 161-164.
  • Viti R, Bartolini S, Andreini L (2008) Apricot flower bud development: Main biological, physiological and environmental aspects related to the appearance of anomalies. Int J Plant Dev Biol 2: 25-34.
  • Weinberger JH (1950) Chilling requirements of peach varieties. Am Soc Hortic Sci 56: 122-128.
  • Westwood MN (1995) Temperate Zone Pomology. Timber Pres, Oregon, pp.523.
  • Yelmen H (2007) Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde farklı soğuklama yöntemleri kullanılarak olasılıklı soğuklama süre haritasının çıkarılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilim. Enst., Bahçe Bitkileri ABD, 132s.
  • Zhuang W, Gao Z, Wen L, Huo X, Cai B, Zhang Z (2015) Metabolic changes upon flower bud break in Japanese apricot are enhanced by exogenous GA4. Hortic Res 2: 15046, doi:10.1038/hortres.2015.46.

‘Mikado’ ve ‘Mogador’ kayısı çeşitlerinde Bud Feed uygulamasının meyve tutumu, verim ve meyve kalitesine etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 345 - 354, 09.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.907725

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Bud Feed uygulamasının ‘Mikado’ ve ‘Mogador’ kayısı çeşitlerinde meyve tutumu, verim ve meyve kalitesine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada, Bud Feed uygulaması tomurcuk patlamasından 35 gün önce 6 L 100 L-1 olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Bud Feed uygulamasının kontrole göre ilk meyve tutumunu ‘Mikado’ çeşidinde %14.41 ve ‘Mogador’ çeşidinde % 22.40 oranında arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki çeşitte, Bud Feed uygulamasının 2 günlük erkencilik sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu uygulamanın ağaç başına verim ve dekara verim özelliklerini (sırasıyla, 25.29 kg ağaç-1 ve 4.22 ton da-1) ‘Mogador’ çeşidinde daha fazla arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, ‘Mikado’ ve ‘Mogador’ çeşitlerinde Bud Feed uygulamasının meyve iriliğini ve meyve kabuğunda kırmızı yanak oluşumunu arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Bud Feed uygulamasının soğuklama süresinin yetersiz olduğu sezonlarda kayısılarda uygulanmasının verim ve kalitenin sürekliliği bakımından yararlı sonuçları olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Akdeniz Bölgesinde kış soğuklarının yeterince oluşmaması erkenci kayısı çeşitlerinde verim kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Bud Feed uygulamasının ‘Mikado’ ve ‘Mogador’ çeşitlerinde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya katkılarından dolayı Dr. Canan Yılmaz’a (Stoller Türkiye, İzmir) ve İzzet Parlar’a (Parlar Fidancılık, İzmir) çok teşekkür ediyoruz.

References

  • Aksoy U, Kara S, Misirli A, Can HZ, Seferoglu G (1995) Effect of potassium nitrate and hydrogen cyanamide on apricot. Acta Hort 384: 431-440.
  • Anonim (2021a). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021).
  • Anonim (2021b) Akdeniz İhracatçı Birlikleri (AKİB), Yaş Meyve Sebze Sektörü Türkiye Geneli Değerlendirme Raporu. http://www.yms.org.tr/tr/default.html (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Mart 2021)
  • Anonim (2021c) Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM). https://mgm.gov.tr/tarim/bisip.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021).
  • Ayanoglu H, Kaska N (1995) Preliminary results of local apricot adaptation studies in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Acta Hortic 384: 117-122.
  • Bolat İ, İkinci A (2020) Investigation on heat requirements and fruit growth of some ealry maturing apricot cultivars insemiarid conditions. Frensenius Environmental Bulletin 29: 1542-1549.
  • Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Cook N, Allderman L, Egea J (2011) Clinal variation of dormancy progression in apricot. South African Journal of Botany 77: 618–630.
  • Castède S, Campoy JA, García JQ, Le Dantec L, Lafargue M, Barreneche T, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E, (2014) Genetic determinism of phenological traits highly affected by climate change in Prunus avium: Flowering date dissected into chilling and heat requirements. New Phytol 202: 703–715.
  • Cook NC, Bergh AOD, Strydom DK, Jacobs G (2001) Budburst and yield of 'Peeka' apricot influenced by time and concentration of hydrogen cyanamide application. S Afr Plant Soil 18: 139-141.
  • Çalışkan O, Bayazıt S, Sümbül A (2012) Fruit quality and phytochemical attributes of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars as affected by genotypes and seasons. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 40: 284-294.
  • Demiral S, Ülger S (2019) Apricot culture in container for earliness. KSÜ j Agric Nat 22: 330-336.
  • Engin H, Ünal A, Gür E (2004) CCC, PP333, GA3, Dormex ve Ethrel uygulamalarının bazı kiraz çeşitlerinin çiçeklenmesi üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 41: 35-43.
  • Erez A (2000) Bud Dormancy; phenomenon, problems and solutions in the tropics and subtropics, In: Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates (Eds. Erez, A), Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 17–48.
  • Gaaliche B, Ghrab M, Ben Mimoun M (2017) Effect of hydrogen cyanamide on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of fig cv. Zidi in a warm production area. Int J Fruit Sci 17: 63–71.
  • George AJ, Lloyd J, Nissen RJ (1992) Effect of pruning date, paclobutrazol and hydrogen cyanimide on dormancy release for low chill Flordaprince peach in subtropical Australia. Aust J Exp Agric 32:89-98.
  • Ghrab M, Ben Mimoun M (2014) Effective hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) application for bud break, flowering and nut yield of pistachio trees cv. Mateur in warm growing areas. Expl Agric 50: 398-406.
  • Gundogdu M, Ercisli S, Berk S, Kan T, Canan İ, Gecer MK (2017) Diversity on color and phenolic compounds in apricot fruits. Food Measure 11: 2087-2093.
  • Hegedũs A, Engel R, Abrankó L, Balogh E, Blázovics A, Hermán R, Halász J, Ercisli S, Pedryc A, Stefanovitsbányai É (2010) Antioxidant and antiradical capacities in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits: Variations from genotypes, years, and analytical methods. J Food Sci 75: C722-C730.
  • İmrak B, Küden A, Sarıeroğullarından A, Küden AB (2009) Subtropik koşullarda örtüaltı elma yetiştiriciliği. Tarım Bilim Derg 2: 187-193.
  • İmrak B, Küden AB, Küden A, Sarıer AK, Çimen B (2016) Chemical applications affected dormancy breaking in ‘Modi’ apple cultivar under subtropical conditions. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 15: 265-277.
  • Karakum F (2016) Örtüaltında yetiştirilen erik ve kayısı çeşitlerinde hidrojen siyanamid (H2CN2) uygulamasının erkencilik ve verim üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bil. Ens., Bahçe Bitkileri ABD, 99s.
  • Kaşka N, Onur S, Onur C, Çınar A (1981) Akdeniz bölgesi için erkenci kayısı çeşitlerinin seleksiyonu. TÜBİTAK-TOAG Sonuç Raporu, 30s, Adana.
  • Kaşka N (2001) Türkiye’nin sert çekirdekli meyvelerde üretim hedefleri üzerine öneriler. I. Sert Çekirdekli Meyveler Sempozyumu. 25-28 Eylül, Yalova, s.1-16.
  • Küden AB, Kaşka N (1992) Ilıman iklim meyveleri yetiştiriciliği açısından Adana ve Pozantı’daki soğuklama sürelerinin çeşitli yöntemlerle saptanması. Doğa Tr J of Agric For 16: 50-62.
  • Küden AB, Son L (1997) Dormancy breaking experiments on apricots. Acta Hortic 441: 153-158.
  • Lopez G, DeJong TM (2007) Spring temperatures have a major effect on early stages of peach fruit growth. J Hortic Sci Biotech 82: 507-512.
  • Mahrous HAH, El-Fakhrani EMM (2006) Effect of some dormancy breaking agents on productivity, fruit quality and powdery mildew severity of apricot. Acta Hortic 701: 659-664.
  • Melgarejo P, Calin-Sanchez A, Carbonell-Barrachina A, Martinez-Nicolas JJ, Legua P, Martinez R, Hernandez F (2013) Antioxidant activity, volatile compositionand sensory profile of four new very-early apricots (Prunus armeniaca L). J Sci Food Agric 94: 85-94.
  • Melgarejo P, Legua P, martinez-Font R, Martinez-Nicolas JJ, Sorianop JS, Calin-Sanchez A, Carbonell-Barrachina A, Hernandez F (2021) Response of apricot fruit quality to protective netting. Agriculture 11, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030260.
  • North M, Cutting JGM, Jacobs G (1990) Effects of the rest breaking agent cynamide on cytokinin levels in apple shoots and buds. XXIII International Congress, Firenze, Italy), August 27-September1, pp 4216.
  • Petri JL, Leite GB, Hawerroth FJ (2010) Time of Erger application for budbreak induction in apple trees. Acta Hortic 872: 205-210.
  • Richardson EA, Seeley SD, Walker DR, Anderson JL, Ashcroft GL (1975) Pheno-climatography of spring peach bud develoment. HortScience 10: 236-237.
  • Ruiz D, Egea J, Tomas-Barberan FA, Gil M (2005). Carotenoids from new apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties and their relationship with flesh and peel color. J Agric Food Chem 53: 6368-6374.
  • Sas , 2005. SAS online doc, version 9.1.3. SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Sheard AG, Johnson SD, Cook NC (2009) Effect of timing and concentration of rest breaking agents on budburst in ‘Bing’ sweet cherry under conditions of inadequate winter chilling in South Africa. S Afr J Plant Soil 26: 73-79.
  • Son L, Küden AB (2005) Dormex and promalin affects fruit set and earliness of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and plum (Prunus domestica) cultivars. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 33: 59-64.
  • Theron KI, Gerber HJ, Steyn WJ (2011) Effect of hydrogen cyanamide, mineral oil and thidiazuron in combination with tip pruning on bud break, shoot growth and yield in ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, ‘Col de Damme Noire’ and ‘Noire de Caromb’ figs. Sci Hortic 128: 239-248.
  • Veloso A, Oliveira M, Antunes MDC (2003) The effect of hydrogen cyanamide on bud break and yield of kiwifruit in Northwest Portugal. Acta Hortic 610: 161-164.
  • Viti R, Bartolini S, Andreini L (2008) Apricot flower bud development: Main biological, physiological and environmental aspects related to the appearance of anomalies. Int J Plant Dev Biol 2: 25-34.
  • Weinberger JH (1950) Chilling requirements of peach varieties. Am Soc Hortic Sci 56: 122-128.
  • Westwood MN (1995) Temperate Zone Pomology. Timber Pres, Oregon, pp.523.
  • Yelmen H (2007) Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde farklı soğuklama yöntemleri kullanılarak olasılıklı soğuklama süre haritasının çıkarılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilim. Enst., Bahçe Bitkileri ABD, 132s.
  • Zhuang W, Gao Z, Wen L, Huo X, Cai B, Zhang Z (2015) Metabolic changes upon flower bud break in Japanese apricot are enhanced by exogenous GA4. Hortic Res 2: 15046, doi:10.1038/hortres.2015.46.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Oğuzhan Çalışkan 0000-0002-2583-9588

Derya Kılıç 0000-0002-4076-7594

Safder Beyazit 0000-0003-4619-3891

Publication Date August 9, 2021
Submission Date April 1, 2021
Acceptance Date May 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çalışkan, O., Kılıç, D., & Beyazit, S. (2021). ‘Mikado’ ve ‘Mogador’ kayısı çeşitlerinde Bud Feed uygulamasının meyve tutumu, verim ve meyve kalitesine etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(2), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.907725

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