Mersin ilinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrasında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 399 - 411, 09.08.2021

Seyfeddin Faruk Soner Soylu

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.936083

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2013-2014 yıllarında Mersin ilinin Bozyazı, Anamur, Erdemli gibi önemli muz üretiminin yapıldığı ilçelerindeki paketleme evlerinden alınan muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrası yaygın fungal hastalık etmenlerinin izolasyonu ve tanılaması amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin ilinin farklı ilçelerindeki depo ve paketleme evlerine 2013 ve 2014 muz yetiştirme sezonlarında yapılan surveylerde hastalıklı/şüpheli muz meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Muz meyveleri üzerinde derim sonrası ortaya çıkan fungal hastalık etmenleri meyvelerden izole edilmiş ve morfolojik yapılarına göre tanılanmıştır. İzolasyonlar sonucu hastalık belirtisi gösteren 197 farklı hastalıklı meyveden toplam 238 fungal izolatı elde edilmiştir. Taç çürüklüğü hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden en fazla Fusarium spp (%21.8) izole edilmiş olup, bu türleri sırası ile Fusarium verticillioides (% 13.4), F. oxysporum (% 10.5), F. proliferatum (% 9.7) ve Thielaviopsis paradoxa (% 2.5) izlemiştir. Meyve uç çürüklüğü belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden Fusarium spp. (%7.6), Musicillium theobromae (%2.9) ve Deightoniella torulosa (%1.7) hastalık etmenleri izole edilmiştir. Meyvelerin merkez kısmında siyah iç çürüklük belirtilerine ise F. verticillioides’in (%4.2) neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alternaria alternata (%10.9), Penicillium spp. (%8.8), Aspergillus niger (%4.6) ve Cladosporium cladosporioides (%1.3) gibi türlere ait izolat ise farklı çürüme belirtileri gösteren muz meyve üzerinde sekonder (fırsatçı) hastalık etmenleri olarak belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Ülkemizde muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında önemli kayıplara neden olan fungal etmen(ler)e ilişkin daha önce herhangi bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Mersin ili genelinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında ortaya çıkan, kalite ve ürün kayıplarına neden olan fungal hastalık etmenleri belirlenmiş olup, bu alandaki eksiklik kısmen de olsa giderilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekte muz meyvelerinde öncelikle çalışılması gereken derim sonrası hastalıklar ve mücadelesi üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacak niteliktedir.

Keywords

Muz, derim sonrası, fungal hastalık etmenleri, meyve çürüklüğü

Supporting Institution

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı

Project Number

MKU BAP-321

Thanks

Bu çalışma Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: MKU BAP-321). Bu çalışmanın özeti 2-6 September 2016 tarihinde Konya ilinde düzenlenmiş olan 6. Uluslararası Katılımlı Türkiye Bitki Koruma Kongresinde sunulmuştur.

Determination of postharvest fungal disease agents on banana fruits growing in Mersin province

Abstract

Aims: This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of common postharvest fungal disease agents on banana fruits sampled from packaging houses in districts of Mersin province such as Bozyazı, Anamur and Erdemli, during 2013-2014 growing season.

Methods and Results: During disease survey in 2013 and 2014 banana-growing seasons, diseased/suspected banana fruit samples were taken from warehouses and packing houses in different districts of Mersin province. Postharvest fungal disease agents were isolated from the banana fruits and identified according to their morphological structures. Following isolation, a total of 238 fungal isolates were obtained from 197 different diseased fruits. Isolates belonging to Fusarium spp. (21.8%) were the most prevalent fungal isolate determined on fruits showing crown rot disease symptoms followed by Fusarium verticillioides (13.4%), F. oxysporum (10.5%), F. proliferatum (9.7%) and Thielaviopsis paradoxa (2.5%), respectively. Isolates belong to Fusarium spp. (7.6%), Musicillium theobromae (2.9%) and Deightoniella torulosa (1.7%) were isolated and determined as causal disease agents responsible for fruit end rot disease symptoms. F. verticillioides (4.2%) was determined as the causal disease agent of internal rot symptoms of the fruits. Alternaria alternate (10.9%), Penicillium spp. (8.8%), Aspergillus niger (4.6%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.3%) isolates were identified as secondary (opportunistic) disease agents on banana fruit showing different rotting symptoms.

Conclusions: In Turkey, there has not been any research on the fungal agent(s) that cause a significant postharvest loss in banana fruits up to now. With this study, fungal disease agents that occur after harvesting and cause quality and quantity losses in banana fruits grown in Mersin province were determined. Results of this study fulfilled partially deficiency in this area.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The results obtained in this study are of the nature to shed light on future studies on post-harvest diseases and their control, which should be studied primarily in banana fruits.

Keywords

Banana, Post-harvest, fungal disease agents, fruit rot

Project Number

MKU BAP-321

References

• Abd-Murad NB, Nor NMIM, Shohaimi S, Zainudin NAIM (2017) Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with fruit rot disease in banana across Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 123: 1533-1546.
• Alvindia DG (2013) An integrated approach with hot water treatment and salt in the control of crown rot disease and preservation of quality in banana. International Journal of Pest Management, 59: 271-278.
• Alvindia DG, Kobayashi T, Yaguchi Y, Natsuaki KT (2000) Symptoms and the associated fungi of postharvest diseases on non-chemical bananas imported from the Philippines. Jpn. J. Trop. Agric., 44: 87-93.
• Alvindia DG, Kobayashi T, Yaguchi Y, Natsuaki KT (2002) Pathogenicity of fungi isolated from non-chemical bananas. Jpn. J. Trop. Agric., 44: 215-223.
• Alvindia DG, Natsuaki KT (2007) Control of crown rot-causing fungal pathogens of banana by inorganic salts and a surfactant. Crop Protection, 26: 1667-1673.
• Anonim (2010) Muz yetiştiriciliği. http://www.bahcebitkileri.org
• Anonim (2020) TUİK Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 25 Nisan 2021)
• Anonymous (2018) FAOSTAT Statistic Database. (Retrieved December 25, 2018, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize)
• Arias P, Dankers C, Liu P, Pilkauskas P (2003) The World Banana Economy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.
• Barnett HL, Hunter BB (2003) Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. 4 ed. Burgess Publishing Company Minneapolis 15, Minn.
• Basel RM, Racicot K, Senecal AG (2002) Long Shelf Life banana Storage Using MAP Storage Coupled with Postharvest MCP Treatment. Annl. Meeting Food Expo-Anaheim, Cal., USA, June 15-19, 2002.
• Booth C (1977) Fusarium. Laboratory guide to the identification of the major species. Commonwealth Mycology Institute, Kew. 58 pp.
• Cao LX, You JL, Zhou SN (2002) Endophytic fungi from Musa acuminata leaves androots in South China. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 18: 169-171.
• de Melo MP, Matos KD, Beserra JEA, Moreira SI, Silva FF, Neto FD, Alves E, Pereira OL (2016) Thielaviopsis musarum causes postharvest crown and fruit rot of banana in Northeastern Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 41: 258-263
• Demiray ST, Akcali E, Uysal A, Kurt S (2020) First report of Thielaviopsis paradoxa causing main stalk rot on banana in Turkey. Plant Disease, 104:2733-2734.
• Ellis MB (1993) Dematiaceous Hypomycetes. CAB, Kew, 608 pp, UK.
• Fisher NL, Burgess LW, Toussoun TA, Nelson PE (1982) Carnation leaves as a substrate and for preserving cultures of Fusarium species. Phytopathology, 72: 151-153.
• Gangwar D, Katıyar PN, Singh JP, Singh PC (2008) Effect of post-harvest chemical treatments on shelf life an physic chemical quality of banana cv. Harichal. The Asian Journal of Horticulture, 3: 386-388.
• Gorter GMJA (1977) Index of plant pathogens and the diseases they cause in cultivated plants in South Africa. PPRI Science Bulletin, 392: 177 pp.
• Hawksworth DL, Holliday P (1970) Verticillium theobromae. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, 259:2 pp
• Hirata T, Kimishima E, Aoki T, Nirenberg HI, O’Donnell K (2001) Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium verticillioides from rotten banana imported into Japan. Mycoscience, 42: 155-166.
• Jagana D, Hegde YR, Rajasekhar L (2017) Post harvest Diseases of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.)- A Survey and Pathological Investigations. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): 706-714. Jimenez M, Logrieco A, Bottalico A (1993) Occurrence and pathogenicity of Fusarium species in banana fruits. Journal of Phytopathology, 137: 214-220.
• Kader AA (2002) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Univ of California Agriculture & Natural Resources, 535 s. California.
• Kamel MAM, Cortesi P, Saracchi M (2016) Etiological agents of crown rot of organic bananas in Dominican Republic. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 120: 112-120
• Klich MA (2002) Identification of Common Aspergillus Species. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures: Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• Koné D, Ji P, Fonsah GE, Csinos AS (2008) First report of black leaf spot of banana caused by Deightoniella torulosa in Georgia. Plant Dis., 92: 1470.
• Krauss U, Bidwell R, Ince J (1998) Isolation and preliminary evaluation of mycoparasites as biocontrol agents of crown rot of banana. Biol.Control, 13:111-119.
• Kuyu CG, Tola YB (2018) Assessment of banana fruit handling practices and associated fungal pathogens in Jimma town market, southwest Ethiopia. Food Science & Nutrition, 6: 609-616. Lassois L, Jijakli MH, Chillet M, de Bellaire LD (2010) Crown rot of bananas preharvest factors involved in postharvest disease development and integrated control methods. Plant Disease, 94:648-658.
• Leiva-Mora M, Alvarado-Capó Y, Acosta-Suárez M, Cruz-Martín M, Roque B, Carrera K (2013) Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) M.B. Ellis, causing leaf spot in acclimatized Grande naine (Musa, AAA) plants. Rev. Protección Veg., 28: 145-148.
• Leslie JF, Summerell BA (2006) The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, Blackwell Publishing: Hoboken, Iowa, USA, 388 pp.
• Li J, Jiang GX,Yang B,Dong XH,Feng LY,Lin S, Chen F, Ashraf M, Jiang YM (2012) A luminescent bacterium assay of fusaric acid produced by Fusarium proliferatum from banana. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 402: 1347-1354.
• Marin DH, Sutton TB, Blankenship SM, Swallow WH (1996) Pathogenicity of fungi associated with crown rot of bananas in Latin America on Grande Naine and disease-resistant hybrid bananas. Plant Dis., 80: 525-528.
• Molnar O, Bartok T, Szecsi A (2015) Occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium musae on banana fruits marketed in Hungary. Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica, 62: 109-119.
• Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas WFO (1983) Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University, University Park. 193 pp, USA.
• Ozarslandan M, Akgul DS (2020) First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 4 causing Fusarium wilt disease of banana in Turkey. Plant Disease, 104:974-974.
• Parkunan V, Li S, Fonsah EG, Ji P (2013) First report of Alternaria leaf spot of banana caused by Alternaria alternata in the United States. Plant Dis., 97: 1116.
• Paulin-Mahady AE, Harrington TC, McNew D (2002) Phylogenetic and taxonomic evaluation of Chalara, Chalaropsis, and Thielaviopsis anamorphs associated with Ceratocystis. Mycologia, 94: 62–72.
• Photita W, Lumyong P, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Lumyong S (2003) Saprobic fungi on dead wild banana. Mycotaxon, 85: 345-346.
• Photita W, Lumyong S, Lumyong P, Ho WH, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD (2001) Fungi on Musa acuminata in Hong Kong. Fungal Diversity, 6: 99-106.
• Pınar H, Türkay C, Denli N, Ünlü M, Bircan M (2011) Türkiye’de Muz Üretim Potansiyeli. GAP VI. Tarım Kongresi, 09-12/05/2011. Şanlıurfa.
• Ploetz RC, Zentmyer GA, Nishijima WT, Rohrbach KG, Ohr HD (1994) Compendium of tropical fruit diseases. APS Press. The American Phytopathology Society
• Ploetz RC (1998) Banana diseases in the subtropics: a review of their importance, distribution and management. Acta Horticulturae, 490: 263-276.
• Raabe RD, Conners IL, Martinez AP (1981) Checklist of plant diseases in Hawaii. Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Information Text Series, 22: 1- 313.
• Sarkar S, Girisham S, Reddy SM (2009) Incidence of post-harvest fungal diseases of banana fruit in Warangal market. Indian Phytopathology, 62:103-105.
• Snowdon AL (2010) A Colour Atlas of Postharvest Diseases and Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables-. Volume 1: General Introduction and Fruits. Wolfe Scientific, Spain, 302 pp.
• Subramanian CV (1968) Deightoniella torulosa. C.M.I. Descr. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 165: 1-2. Sutton BC (1980) The Coelomycetes. CAB Publishing, Kew, England, CMI. 696 p.
• Turan K, (1983) Akdeniz Bölgesi Muz plantasyonlarında fungal hastalıkların Belirtileri ve Türlerinin Tanımı Üzerinde Araştırmalar. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Adana Zirai Mücadele ve Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Araştırma Eserler Serisi No:52, Ankara, 47 sayfa.
• Umana-Rojas G, Garcia J (2011) Frequency of organisms associated with crown rot of bananas in integrated and organic production systems. Acta Horticulturae, 906: 211-217.
• Uysal A, Kurt S (2020) First report of Colletotrichum siamense causing anthracnose on banana fruits in Turkey. Plant Disease, 104:967-967.