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Su stresi koşullarında yapraktan kükürt uygulamasının pamuğun verim, bitki su tüketimi ve bazı fizyolojik özelliklerine etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 202 - 212, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1076251

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma, su stresine maruz bırakılmış pamuk bitkisinde yapraktan kükürt uygulamalarının bitki fizyolojik özelliklerine ve bitki su tüketimine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2015-2016 yılında Amik Ovasında (Hatay) yürütülmüştür.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırma, Carisma çeşidi pamuk bitkisinde tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde yürütülmüştür. Denemede elverişli kapasitenin 3 farklı sulama düzeyinde sulanan (I100, I66, ı33) ve sulanmayan (I0) bitkilere yapraktan kükürt uygulamasının etkis araştırıldı. Kükürt konuları tanık konu (S0) ve 150 mL da-1 (S1), 250 mL da-1 (S2) ve 350 mL da-1 (S3) dozlardanda kükürtün yapraktan uygulanması ile oluşturulmuştur. Uygulamaların etkisini belirlemek amacıyla stoma iletkenliği (Sc), klorofil içeriği (Spad) ve yaprak yüzey sıcaklığı (LSt), verim ve evapotranspirasyon parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Yapraktan kükürt uygulaması verimde beklenen artışı sağlamamıştır. Kükürt dozları verimin ilk yıl azalmasına ikinci yılda artmasına neden olmuştur. İkinci yılda kükürt uygulanmayan konuya göre verim %14 artmıştır. En yüksek verim S100K1 konusunda 6150 kg ha-1 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bitkinin maruz kaldığı su stresi ölçülen tüm parametrelerde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Yapraktan kükürt uygulaması stresli yapraklarda spad değerlerini artırırken stressiz yapraklarda azaldı. Stoma iletkenliği (Sc) ve yaprak yüzey sıcaklığı (LSt) ile verim arasında korelasyonu yüksek ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Spad değerlerinin strese Sc ve LSt kadar duyarlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Pamuğun Çiçeklenme dönemi başlangıcında maruz kaldığı stresten kurtulma süresi elma oluşum dönemi başlangıcına göre yaklaşık 2 gün daha uzun sürmüştür. Su stresi tüm konularda yaşlanma eğilimini hızlandırmıştır.

Genel Yorum: Stresin azaltılmasında kükürt uygulamalarının başarılı olduğunu gösteren araştırmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmalarda kükürt topraktan ve kontrollü ortamlarda bitkilere uygulanmıştır. Yapraktan uygulamada aynı başarı gerçekleşmemiştir. Su stresi bitkide incelenen fizyolojik ozellikleri olumsuz yönde etkilerken yapraktan kükürt uygulaması bu olumsuzluğu anlamlı şekilde giderememiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Pamuk bitkisinde su stresinin olumsuz etkisini gidermek için yapraktan gübrelemenin etkilerini araştıran çok fazla araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırma yapraktan uygulanan elementel kükürtün su stresi koşullarında pamuğun bazı fizyolojik özelliklerine ve evapotranspirasyon değerine etkilerini ortaya koyması açısından önemlidir.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

214O254

Thanks

Bu çalışma TUBİTAK tarafından 214O254 no’lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Desteği nedeniyle TÜBİTAK'a teşekkür edilmiştir.

References

  • Condon AG, Farquhar GD, Richards RA (1990) Genotypic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in wheat. Leaf gas exchange and whole plant studies. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 17:9-22.
  • Dietz KJ (1989) Recovery of spinach leaves from suphate and phosphate deficiency. J. Plant Physiol. 134:551-557.
  • Duke SH, Reisenauer HM (1986) Roles and requirements of sulfur in plant nutrition. (Ed: Tabatabai, MA), Sulfur in Agriculture. 27:123-168.
  • Fox RL, Olson RA, Rhoades HF (1964) Evaluating the sulfur status of soils by plants and soil tests. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 28:243-246.
  • Haliloğlu H, Yılmaz A, Beyyavaş V (2006) Pamukta (gossypium hirsutum l.) farklı dönemlerde yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının bitkisel ve lif teknolojik özelliklerine etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 12 (1): 7.
  • Howell TA, Davis KR, McCormick RL, Yamada H, To Walhood V, Meek DW (1984) Water use efficiency of narrow row cotton. Irrig Sci. 5:195-214.
  • Jie X, Dong Q, Li-Na Z (2008) Effects of sulfur nutrition on the chlorophyll content of maize leaf under zinc and drought stress. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. 2:10-16.
  • Jones HG (1999) Use of thermography for quantitative studies of spatial and temporal variation of stomatal conductance over leaf surfaces. Plant Cell Environ. 22:1043-1055.
  • Kacar B, Katkat V (2007) Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayınları. Ankara. 382s.
  • Kerepesi I, Galiba G (2000) Osmotic and salt stress-induced alteration in soluble carbohydrate content in wheat seedlings. Crop Sci. 40: 482–487.
  • Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25:275–294.
  • Li-Na Z, Dong Q, Li-Li S, Wei-Jie Y (2005) Effects of sulfur fertilization on the contents of photosynthetic pigments and mda under drought stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica. 8:14-21.
  • Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM (2014) Water-deficit stress effects on pistil biochemistry and leaf physiology in cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum, L.) South African Journal of Botany, 93:131–136.
  • Lu ZM, Chen J, Percy RG, Calvin OQ, Zeiger E (1998) Stomatal conductance predicts yields in irrigated Pima cotton and bread wheat grown at high temperatures. Jour. of Experimental Botany, 49:453-460.
  • Lu ZM, Chen J, Percy RG, Zeiger E (1997) Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area in two cotton species (Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum) and their relation to heat resisistance and yield. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 24:693-700.
  • Mansfield TA, Davies WJ (1981) Stomata and stomatal mechanisms. (Eds: Paleg LG, Aspinall D) The Physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants. 315-346.
  • Marani A, Baker DN, Reddy VR, McKinion JM (1985). Effect of water stress on canopy senescence and carbon exchange rates in cotton. Crop Sci. 25: 798–802.
  • Passioura JB, Condon AG, Richards RA (1993) The development of leaf area and crop productivity. (Eds: Smith Jac, Griffiths H) Water Deficits: Plant responses from cell to community: 253–264.
  • Radin JW (1981) Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: IV. Leaf senescence during drought and its relation to stomatal closure. Physiologia plantarum. 51(1): 145-149.
  • Radin JW, Turcotte EL, Percy RG, Zeiger E (1994) High yields in advanced lines of Pima cotton are associated with higher stomatal conductance, reduced leaf area and lower leaf temperature. Physiologia Plantarum. 92: 266-272
  • Saeed B, Khan AZ, Khalıl SK, Ur Rahman H, Ullah F, Gul H, Akbar H (2013) Response of soıl and folıar applıed nıtrogen and sulfur towards yıeld and yıeld attrıbutes of wheat cultıvars. Pak. J. Bot. 45(2): 435-442.

The effects of foliar sulfur application under water stress conditions on yield, evapotranspiration and some physiological properties of cotton

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 202 - 212, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1076251

Abstract

Aims: This study was carried out to determine the effects of foliar sulfur application under water stress conditions on yield, evapotranspiration and some physiological properties of cotton.

Methods and Results: This research was conducted on Carisma cotton plant variety, by splitted plots in randomized block design. Foliar sulfur doses was determined as 150 mL da-1 (S1), 250 mL da-1 (S2) and 350 mL da-1 (S3) and non sulphur (S0) treatment. Irrigation levels were composed of non irrigated (I0) and available water at three different irrigation levels (I100, I66, I33). Stomatal conductance (Sc), chlorohyll content (spad value) leaf surface temperature (LSt), cotton yield, evapotranspiration were measured in order to determine the effect of the applications. Foliar sulfur application did not effect the expected increase in yield. The highest yield was obtained as 6150 kg ha-1 in I100S1 in second year. The water stress that the plant was exposed caused a decrease in all parameters. Foliar sulfur application increased spad values in stressed leaves, but decreased in unstressed leaves. A high correlation was found between yield and Sc and LSt. It was determined that Spad values were not as sensitive to stress as Sc and LSt. The period of recovery from the stress that cotton was exposed to from the beginning of the flowering period took approximately 2 days longer than the beginning of the boll formation period. Water stress was accelerated the senescence trend in all treatment.

Conclusions: There are studies showing that sulfur applications are successful in reducing stress. In these studies, sulfur was applied from the soil and to plants in controlled environments. The same success was not achieved in foliar application. While water stress negatively affected the physiological properties of the plant, foliar application of sulfur could not significantly eliminate this negativity.

Significance and Impact of the Study: This research is important in terms of revealing the effects of foliar applied elemental sulfur on some physiological properties and evapotranspiration of cotton under water stress conditions

Project Number

214O254

References

  • Condon AG, Farquhar GD, Richards RA (1990) Genotypic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in wheat. Leaf gas exchange and whole plant studies. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 17:9-22.
  • Dietz KJ (1989) Recovery of spinach leaves from suphate and phosphate deficiency. J. Plant Physiol. 134:551-557.
  • Duke SH, Reisenauer HM (1986) Roles and requirements of sulfur in plant nutrition. (Ed: Tabatabai, MA), Sulfur in Agriculture. 27:123-168.
  • Fox RL, Olson RA, Rhoades HF (1964) Evaluating the sulfur status of soils by plants and soil tests. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 28:243-246.
  • Haliloğlu H, Yılmaz A, Beyyavaş V (2006) Pamukta (gossypium hirsutum l.) farklı dönemlerde yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının bitkisel ve lif teknolojik özelliklerine etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 12 (1): 7.
  • Howell TA, Davis KR, McCormick RL, Yamada H, To Walhood V, Meek DW (1984) Water use efficiency of narrow row cotton. Irrig Sci. 5:195-214.
  • Jie X, Dong Q, Li-Na Z (2008) Effects of sulfur nutrition on the chlorophyll content of maize leaf under zinc and drought stress. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. 2:10-16.
  • Jones HG (1999) Use of thermography for quantitative studies of spatial and temporal variation of stomatal conductance over leaf surfaces. Plant Cell Environ. 22:1043-1055.
  • Kacar B, Katkat V (2007) Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayınları. Ankara. 382s.
  • Kerepesi I, Galiba G (2000) Osmotic and salt stress-induced alteration in soluble carbohydrate content in wheat seedlings. Crop Sci. 40: 482–487.
  • Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25:275–294.
  • Li-Na Z, Dong Q, Li-Li S, Wei-Jie Y (2005) Effects of sulfur fertilization on the contents of photosynthetic pigments and mda under drought stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica. 8:14-21.
  • Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM (2014) Water-deficit stress effects on pistil biochemistry and leaf physiology in cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum, L.) South African Journal of Botany, 93:131–136.
  • Lu ZM, Chen J, Percy RG, Calvin OQ, Zeiger E (1998) Stomatal conductance predicts yields in irrigated Pima cotton and bread wheat grown at high temperatures. Jour. of Experimental Botany, 49:453-460.
  • Lu ZM, Chen J, Percy RG, Zeiger E (1997) Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area in two cotton species (Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum) and their relation to heat resisistance and yield. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 24:693-700.
  • Mansfield TA, Davies WJ (1981) Stomata and stomatal mechanisms. (Eds: Paleg LG, Aspinall D) The Physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants. 315-346.
  • Marani A, Baker DN, Reddy VR, McKinion JM (1985). Effect of water stress on canopy senescence and carbon exchange rates in cotton. Crop Sci. 25: 798–802.
  • Passioura JB, Condon AG, Richards RA (1993) The development of leaf area and crop productivity. (Eds: Smith Jac, Griffiths H) Water Deficits: Plant responses from cell to community: 253–264.
  • Radin JW (1981) Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency: IV. Leaf senescence during drought and its relation to stomatal closure. Physiologia plantarum. 51(1): 145-149.
  • Radin JW, Turcotte EL, Percy RG, Zeiger E (1994) High yields in advanced lines of Pima cotton are associated with higher stomatal conductance, reduced leaf area and lower leaf temperature. Physiologia Plantarum. 92: 266-272
  • Saeed B, Khan AZ, Khalıl SK, Ur Rahman H, Ullah F, Gul H, Akbar H (2013) Response of soıl and folıar applıed nıtrogen and sulfur towards yıeld and yıeld attrıbutes of wheat cultıvars. Pak. J. Bot. 45(2): 435-442.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Berkant Ödemiş 0000-0001-7636-2858

Yaşar Akışcan 0000-0002-3302-7766

Deniz Can This is me 0000-0002-7676-6200

Batuhan Akgöl This is me 0000-0001-8364-8766

Project Number 214O254
Publication Date August 1, 2022
Submission Date February 21, 2022
Acceptance Date March 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ödemiş, B., Akışcan, Y., Can, D., Akgöl, B. (2022). Su stresi koşullarında yapraktan kükürt uygulamasının pamuğun verim, bitki su tüketimi ve bazı fizyolojik özelliklerine etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 202-212. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1076251

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