Bazı entomopatojen fungus türlerinin Capnodis tenebrionis Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)’in belirli dönemleri üzerinde patojeniteleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 469 - 476, 01.12.2022

Damla Zobar , Müjgan Kıvan

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1071813

Öz

Amaç: Kiraz Fidan dipkurdu olarak adlandırılan Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Akdeniz ülkelerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de önemli sert çekirdekli meyve ağacı zararlısıdır. Bu çalışmada, C. tenebrionis’den izole edilen entomopatojen fungusların, yaşam evrelerine göre patojenisiteleri araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Tekirdağ ili kiraz bahçelerinden toplanan C. tenebrionis erginlerinden fungus izolasyonları yapılarak morfolojik ve moleküler olarak tanılamaları yapılmıştır. İkisi ilk kez C. tenebrionis’den izole edilen üç farklı entomopatojen fungus izolatı Baeuvera bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, 1912; Lecanicillium fungicola Zare & W. Gams, 2008 ve Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everhart, 1916 olarak tanılanmıştır. Elde edilen izolatların patojenisite çalışmaları C. tenebrionis’in yumurta, ilk dönem larva ve erginleri üzerinde 26±1 °C sıcaklık, %50±5 nem ve 16:8 (A:K) uzun gün aydınlatmalı koşullarında yapılmıştır. Capnodis tenebrionis yumurtaları üzerinde yapılan patojenisite testlerinde en yüksek ölüm oranı (% 81.25±2.26) ve etki değeri (% 64.63±1.71) F. acuminatum türünün uygulandığı yumurtalardan elde edilmiştir. Larvalar iki farklı besin (suni ve doğal) üzerinde beslenmiştir. Yarı-sentetik diyette B. bassiana uygulanan larvalar üzerinde ölüm oranı % 71.5±1.32 olurken, dal kültüründe beslenen larvalarda ölüm % 100 değerine ulaşmıştır. En yüksek etkiyi erginlerde B. bassiana (% 92.5±1.63) izolatı göstermiştir.

Genel Yorum: Elde edilen sonuçlar C. tenebrionis ile mücadelede yerel entomopatojen funguslar aracılığıyla yapılacak biyolojik mücadelenin ilk adımları olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: C. tenebrionis’in biyolojik dönemlerinin doku içerisinde geçmesi ve erginlerinin morfolojik yapısı nedeniyle zararlının mücadelesinde kullanılan mevcut yöntemler yeterli düzeyde etkili olmamaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen entomopatojen fungus izolatlarının etkisi göz önüne alındığında, zararlı ile mücadelede alternatif yöntemlerin geliştirilmesinin mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beauveria bassiana, Biyolojik kontrol, Capnodis tenebrionis, Fusarium acuminatum, Lecanicillium fungicola

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-13/08-01/01-20

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma birinci yazarın Doktora tezinin bir bölümü olup Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM) tarafından TAGEM-BS-13/08-01/01-20 numaralı proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca fungus türlerinin tanılanmasındaki yardımlarından dolayı Prof. Dr. Nuray ÖZER’e (Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Ziraat Fakültesi, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi) teşekkür ederiz.

Pathogenity of some entomopathogenic fungal species on certain stages of Capnodis tenebrionis Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Öz

Aims: Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) which is known as Mediterranean flatheaded peachborer, is an important pest of stone fruit trees in Turkey as well as Mediterranean countries. In this study, pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from C. tenebrionis was investigated according to life stages.

Methods and Results: Fungal isolations were made from adults of C. tenebrionis collected from the cherry orchards of Tekirdağ province and they were identified morphologically and molecularly. Three entomopathogenic fungi, two of which were first time isolated from C. tenebrionis were identified as Baeuveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, 1912; Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everhart, 1916 and Lecanicillium fungicola Zare & W. Gams, 2008. Pathogenicity studies with the isolates obtained were carried out on eggs, first instar larvae and adults of C. tenebrionis under 26±1 °C temperature, 50±5% humidity and 16:8 (A:N) long daylight conditions. In the pathogenicity tests, the highest mortality rate (81.25±2.26%) and effect value (64.63±1.71%) were obtained from the on C. tenebrionis eggs inoculated by the F. acuminatum isolate. Larvae were fed on two different foods (artificial and natural). While the mortality rate was 71.5±1.32% on the larvae treated with B. bassiana on the semi-synthetic diet, the mortality rate reached 100% in the larvae fed on the branch culture. B. bassiana (92.5±1.63%) isolate showed the highest effect in adults.

Conclusions: The results obtained showed that biological control by local entomopathogenic fungi could be the first steps in the fight against C. tenebrionis.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Due to the fact that the biological stages of C. tenebrionis pass within the tissue and the morphological structure of the adults, the current methods used in the control of the pest are not sufficiently effective. Considering the effect of entomopathogenic fungus isolates obtained in the study, it is thought that it may be possible to develop alternative methods for pest control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beauveria bassiana, Biologic control, Capnodis tenebrionis, Fusarium acuminatum, Lecanicillium fungicola

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-13/08-01/01-20

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