Kompostlardan elde edilen antagonist bakteri izolatlarının kavun solgunluk hastalığı etmeni Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis’e karşı in vitro antagonistik etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 565 - 577, 01.12.2022

Senem Özkaya , Emine Mine Soylu

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1139502

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada zeytin, pamuk ve hayvansal atıklardan yapılmış 5 farklı komposttan antagonistik etkinliğe sahip bakterilerin izolasyonu, tanılanması ve kavun solgunluk hastalığı etmeni Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom)’in misel gelişimini engellemeleri üzerine olan etkinlikleri in vitro koşullarda araştırılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Kompostların fermentasyon süresine bağlı olarak bakteriyel popülasyon sayısında artış görülmüştür. En yüksek bakteri popülasyonu fermentasyonun 3 ve 4. aylarında belirlenmiştir. Farklı kompost materyallerinden izole edilen antagonist adayı bakteri izolatları Yağ Asit-Metil Ester (FAME) profillerine göre Mikrobiyal Tanılama Sistemi (MIS) ile teşhis edilmiştir. Aday bakterilerin Fom’in misel gelişimini engelleme potansiyelleri ikili kültür testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen aday bakteriyel izolatlar arasında 31 bakteri izolatı ikili kültür denemelerinde, Fom’in misel gelişimini engellenmesi üzerine değişik oranlarda antagonistik etkinlik göstermiştir. Antagonistik potansiyele sahip bakteri izolatlarının çoğunluğunu farklı Bacillus spp.’a ait izolatlar (% 73.3) oluşturmuştur. Farklı kompost materyallerinden izole edilen bakteriler arasında en yüksek antagonistik etki %48.33 engelleme oranı ile Entereobacter gergoviae K4B:4:7:1 izolatı tarafından gösterilmiş olup, bu izolatı sırasıyla Bacillus cereus K1B:4:8:1 (%47.5), Salmonella typhimurium K5B:1:4:3 (% 46.67), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K5B:0:5:1 (%43.33) ve Bacillus subtilis K3B:4:8:1 (%40.83) izolatları izlemiştir.

Genel Yorum: Organik atıklardan hazırlanmış kompostlar toprak kökenli hastalıklara karşı etkin antagonistik etkiye sahip bakterilere konukçuluk etmektedir. Kompostların in vivo koşullarda Fom’e karşı kullanılma potansiyellerinin araştırılmasının yanı sıra buralardan biyolojik preparat olarak kullanıma en uygun olan bakteri izolatların seçimi ve hastalığı engellemede kullandıkları mekanizmaların belirlenmesi üzerine çalışmalar gelecekte sürdürülmelidir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçlar, Fom’in biyolojik mücadelesinde antagonistik potansiyele sahip mikroorganizmaların yoğun olarak geliştiği kompostların seralar gibi sınırlı alana sahip yetiştirme alanlarında kullanılmasının etkin bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermiştir. 

Keywords

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, kavun, kompost, antagonist, biyolojik mücadele

Supporting Institution

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı

Project Number

MKU BAP 1101Y0110

Thanks

Bu çalışma Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Başkanlığı tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: MKU BAP 1101Y0110).

Determination of antagonistic effects antagonist bacterial isolates obtained from composts against melon wilt disease agent Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis in vitro conditions

Abstract

Aims: Isolation, identification and antagonistic potentials of bacteria obtained from 5 different composts, which were made from olive cake, cotton seed cake and animal manure, were investigated on inhibition of mycelial growth of the melon wilt disease agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom) in vitro conditions.

Methods and Results: An increase in the number of bacterial populations was observed depending on the fermentation of the composts. The highest bacterial population was determined in 3rd and 4th months of fermentation. The putative antagonist bacterial isolates obtained from different compost materials were identified by Microbial Identification System (MIS) according to their Fatty Acid-Methyl Ester (FAME) profiles. The antagonistic potentials of bacteria against Fom were determined by dual culture tests. Among the putative bacterial isolates obtained, 31 bacterial isolates showed antagonistic activity on inhibition of mycelial growth of Fom at varying rates in dual culture tests. Most of the bacterial isolates having antagonistic potential were identified as Bacillus spp. (73.3%). Among the antagonistic bacteria isolated from different compost materials, the highest antagonistic effect was displayed by Enterobacter gergoviae K4B:4:7:1 with a 48.33% inhibition rate, and this isolate was followed by Bacillus cereus K1B:4:8:1 (47.5%), Salmonella typhimurium K5B:1:4:3 (46.67%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K5B:0:5:1 (43.33%) and Bacillus subtilis K3B:4:8:1 (40.83%) isolates, respectively.

Conclusions: Composts prepared from organic wastes host effective bacteria that have an antagonistic effect against soil-borne diseases. Future studies should be conducted to investigate the in vivo potential of composts against Fom, to select the most suitable bacterial isolates for use as biological preparations, and to identify mechanisms used to prevent disease development.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The results indicated that the use of organic waste composts, where microorganisms with antagonistic potential are intensively developed, can play an effective role in growing areas with limited space such as greenhouses.

Keywords

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, melon, compost, antagonist, biological control

Project Number

MKU BAP 1101Y0110

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