Determination of water footprint of major agricultural crops (wheat, potato, pumpkin, dry bean, grape) grown in Nevşehir province

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 1 - 12

Mualla Keten Gökkuş

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1532720

Abstract

Water footprint is the total volume of water used at each stage of production of a product. The water footprint has three components depending on the mode of production: green water footprint, blue water footprint and grey water footprint. Blue water footprint (bwf) refers to the volume of groundwater and surface freshwater consumed throughout the supply of products and services; green water footprint (gwp) refers to the volume of precipitation stored as soil moisture; grey water footprint refers to the volume of water required to reduce pollutants associated with a product's production chain. The aim of this study is to calculate the green and blue water footprints of wheat, potato, pumpkin, dried beans and grapes, which are among the main agricultural products produced in Nevşehir. According to the findings obtained from the study, the amount of water required to produce 1 tonne of wheat, potato, pumpkin, dried beans and grapes in Nevşehir was found to be 2643, 169, 6343, 1963, 797 m3 t-1. As a result, the total water footprints of wheat, potato,pumpkin, dry beans and grapes were calculated as 585 685, 47 455, 126 962, 55 593 and 80 490 m3, respectively. According to the results, it was understood that plants with low plant water consumption have a lower water footprint. As a result of the study, considering the climatic characteristics and water resources of the region, it is recommended that plants with lower plant water consumption should be cultivated in Nevşehir.

Keywords

Evapotranspiration, irrigation, virtual water content, green water footprint, blue water footprint

Nevşehir ilinde yetiştirilen başlıca tarımsal ürünlerin (buğday, patates, çerezlik kabak, kuru fasülye, üzüm) su ayak izinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Su ayak izi bir ürünün üretiminin her aşamasında kullanılan toplam su hacmidir. Su ayak izi üretim şekline göre yeşil su ayak izi, mavi su ayak izi ve gri su ayak izi olarak üç bileşene sahiptir. Mavi su ayak izi (msa), ürün ve hizmetlerin tedariki boyunca tüketilen yeraltı ve yerüstü tatlı su hacmini; yeşil su ayak izi (ysa) toprak nemi olarak depolanan yağış hacmini; gri su ayak izi ise bir ürünün üretim zinciriyle ilişkili kirleticileri azaltmak için gerekli su hacmini ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı Nevşehirde üretimi en fazla yapılan başlıca tarımsal ürünlerden buğday, patates, çerezlik kabak, kuru fasülye ve üzümün yeşil ve mavi su ayak izinin hesaplanmasıdır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Nevşehirde 1 ton buğday, patates, çerezlik kabak, kuru fasulye ve üzümü üretebilmek için gereken su miktarı 2643, 169, 6343, 1963, 797 m3 t-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçta buğday, patates, çerezlik kabak, kuru fasulye ve üzümün toplam su ayak izi sırasıyla 585 685, 47 455, 126 962, 55 593 ve 80 490 m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bitki su tüketimi düşük olan bitkilerin daha düşük su ayak izine sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bölgenin iklim özellikleri ve su kaynakları göz önüne alındığında, Nevşehirde bitki su tüketimi daha düşük bitkilerin yetiştiriciliğinin yapılması önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Evapotranspirasyon, sulama, sanal su muhtevası, yeşil su ayak izi, mavi su ayak izi

References

• Anonim (2021). Nevşehir Tarım ve Orman İl Müdürlüğü. https://nevsehir.tarimorman.gov.tr/Belgeler/A%C4%9Fustos%202021%20BR%C4%B0F%C4%B0NG.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18 Mayıs 2024).
• Atabey, S., & Yokuş, İ. (2016). Küresel ısınmanın artış nedenlerinin su kaynakları ve turist sağlığı üzerindeki yansımaları. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 54, 188-203.
• Avanoz, Z. (2020). Türkiye'de tarımsal üretimin su ayak izinin hesaplanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Batman Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 80 s, Batman.
• Batan, M. (2021). Planning the use of water in Şanlıurfa province, which struggles with drought: Water footprint analysis. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 36 (4), 2135-2150. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazibtd.849070
• Bulut, A.P., & Canbaz, G.T. (2022). Sivas ilinde buğday, arpa, şeker pancarı ve ayçiçeği üretimi için su ayak izinin hesaplanması. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9 (1), 249-255.
• Cabello, J.J., Sagastume, A., López-Bastida, E., Vandecasteele, C., & Hens, L. (2016). Water footprint from growing potato crops in Cuba. Tecnología y ciencias del agua, 7(1), 107-116.
• Çakmak, B., & Torun, E. (2023). Konya kapalı havzası sulama şebekelerinde tarımsal su ayak izinin değerlendirilmesi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (2), 239-252.
• Ewaid, S.H., Abed, S.A., & Al-Ansari, N. (2019). Water footprint of wheat in Iraq. Water, 11 (3), 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030535
• Gebremariam, F.T., Habtu, S., Yazew, E., & Teklu, B. (2021). The water footprint of irrigation-supplemented cotton and mung-bean crops in Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7 (4).
• Gheewala, S.H., Silalertruksa, T., Nilsalab, P., Mungkung, R., Perret, S.R., & Chaiyawannakarn, N. (2014). Water footprint and impact of water consumption for food, feed, fuel crops production in Thailand. Water, 6 (6), 1698-1718.
• Guan, D., & Hubacek, K. (2007). Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China. Ecological Economics, 61 (1), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.01.020
• Hoekstra, A.Y., & Chapagain, A.K. (2007). Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Integrative Assessment of Water Resources and Global Change, 21, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.01.020
• Hoekstra, A.Y., & Hung, P.Q. (2003). Virtual water trade. Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade (Vol. 12, pp. 1-244). UNESCO-IHE.
• Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M., & Mekonnen, M.M. (2009). Water footprint manual. Water Footprint Network.
• Hoekstra, A.Y. (2003). Virtual water trade. Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade, 12, 1-244.
• Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M., & Mekonnen, M.M. (2011). The water footprint assessment manual. Earthscan.
• Khan, T., Nouri, H., Booij, M.J., Hoekstra, A.Y., Khan, H., & Ullah, I. (2021). Water footprint, blue water scarcity, and economic water productivity of irrigated crops in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan. Water, 13 (9), 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091249
• Liu, L., Hu, X., Zhan, Y., Sun, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2023). China’s dietary changes would increase agricultural blue and green water footprint. Science of the Total Environment, 903, 165763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165763
• Mekonnen, M.M., & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010). A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue, and grey water footprint of wheat. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14 (7), 1259-1276. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1259-2010
• Muratoglu, A. (2019). Water footprint assessment within a catchment: A case study for Upper Tigris River Basin. Ecological Indicators, 106, 105467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105467.
• Muratoğlu, A. (2020). Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (2), 845-858.
• Muratoglu, A. (2022). Applications and response formulations of water footprint methodology for conservation of water resources. In Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation (pp. 360-370).
• Muratoglu, A., Bilgen, G.K., Angin, I., & Kodal, S. (2023). Performance analyses of effective rainfall estimation methods for accurate quantification of agricultural water footprint. Water Research, 238, 120011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120011
• Novoa, V., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Rojas, O., Munizaga, J., Sáez, K., & Arumí, J.L. (2019). Sustainability assessment of the agricultural water footprint in the Cachapoal River basin, Chile. Ecological Indicators, 98, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.057
• Pahlow, M., Snowball, J., & Fraser, G. (2015). Water footprint assessment to inform water management and policy making in South Africa. Water Sa, 41 (3), 300-313.
• Rodriguez, C.I., de Galarreta, V.R., & Kruse, E.E. (2015). Analysis of water footprint of potato production in the pampean region of Argentina. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.040
• Sigadla, A., Avenant, E., Fanadzo, M., Kangueehi, G.N., & Avenant, J.H. (2022). Water footprint of table grape production systems: A review of South African and global studies. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 43 (2), 125-132.
• Sood, A., Prathapar, S.A., & Smakhtin, V. (2014). Green and blue water. In Key Concepts in Water Resource Management (pp. 91-102). Routledge.
• Şahin, B. (2016). Küresel bir sorun: Su kıtlığı ve sanal su ticareti. Master’s thesis, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Şikoğlu, E., & Arslan, Ö.Ü.H. (2019). Nevşehir şehir coğrafyası. Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim Yayıncılık Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti.
• Veettil, A.V., & Mishra, A.K. (2018). Potential influence of climate and anthropogenic variables on water security using blue and green water scarcity, Falkenmark index, and freshwater provision indicator. Journal of Environmental Management, 228, 346-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.082
• Yerli, C., Şahin, Ü., Kızıloğlu, F.M., Tüfenkçi, Ş., & Örs, S. (2019). Van ilinde silajlık mısır, patates, şeker pancarı ve yoncanın su ayak izi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29 (2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.564665