Review
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ÖNEMLİ BİR RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNU: BİPOLAR BOZUKLUK

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 30, 41 - 54, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.323344

Abstract

Bipolar
bozukluk tüm nüfusu etkileyen yaygın psikiyatrik bozukluklardan biridir. Tedavi
edilmediğinde erken ölüm, genel sağlık durumunda bozulma gibi olumsuz sonuçlar
yaratırken, doğru tanınıp, uygun bir şekilde tedavi edildiğinde hastanın yaşam
kalitesini arttırmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bipolar bozukluğun klinik olarak
farklı ve bazen tanısı zor olan birkaç alt tipi bulunur. Bu bozuklukların tanı
ve tedavileri, genel tıbbi hastalıkların seyrini ve prognozunu etkilediği için
psikiyatristler dışındaki hekimleri de ilgilendirmektedir. Bu gözden geçirme
yazısında bipolar bozukluğun nedenleri, epidemiyolojisi ve tanısı ile ilgili
güncel bilgilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 

References

  • 1. Eroğlu Zengin M, Özpoyraz N. Bipolar bozuklukta koruyucu tedavi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar­Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2010; 2(2):206-36.
  • 2. Fagiolini A , Coluccia A, Maina G, Forgione RN, Goracci A, Cuomo A. Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Management of Mixed States in Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(9):725-40.
  • 3. Maj M, Akiskal HS, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Sartorius N. Bipolar Disorders. West Sussex, UK, Wiley, 2002.
  • 4. Angst J, Marneros A. Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth. J Affect Disord. 2001; 67 (1-3): 3-19.
  • 5. Kaplan H, Saddock B. Bipolar Disorders. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th Ed, 2000; 1284- 1289.
  • 6. Akiskal HS. Classification, diagnosis and boundaries of bipolar disorders: A review. In Bipolar Disorders. WPA Series Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry (Eds M Maj, HS Akiskal, JJ López-Ibor, N Sartorius): 1-50. Chichester, Wiley, 2002.
  • 7. Borch-Jacobsen M.Which came first, the condition or the drug?. London. Review of Books, 2010; 32 (19): 31-33.
  • 8. Pichot P. Circular insanity, 150 years on. Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medicine 2004; 188 (2): 275-284.
  • 9. Sedler MJ. Falret's discovery: The origin of the concept of bipolar affective illness. Translated by M. J. Sedler and Eric C. Dessain. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140 (9): 1127-1133.
  • 10. Oral T. İki uçlu bozukluk. İstanbul: WPA serisi, CSA Medikal Yayın Ajansı, 2002;441-503.
  • 11. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-Depressive İllness. New York: Oxford University, 1990.
  • 12. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR.(Introduction) Manic-Depressive Illness. Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression. 2nd Edition. Goodwin FK & Jamison KR. Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • 13. APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5 ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • 14. Gureje O, Lasebikan VO, Kola L, Makanjuola VA. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and well-being. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188:465-71.
  • 15. Cederlöf M-, Larsson H-, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C, Serlachius E, Ludvigsson JF. Nationwide population-based cohort study of psychiatric disorders in individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility syndrome and their siblings. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 4;16(1):207.
  • 16. Judd LL, Akiskal HS. The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US population: Re-analysis of the ECA database taking into account subthreshold cases. J Affect Disord 2003; 73 (1-2): 123-131.
  • 17. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, Kessler RC. "Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64(5): 543-552.
  • 18. Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, Kessler RC, Lee S, Sampson NA, Viana MC et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68(3):241-51.
  • 19. Begeley CE, Annegers JF, Swann AC, Lewis C, Coan S, Schnapp WB.The lifetime cost of bipolar disorder in the United States: an estimate based on incidence and course of illness. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19:483-495.
  • 20. Güleç C, Köroğlu E. Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı. 2. Baskı, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara: Medico Graphics Matbaası, 2007.
  • 21. Kruger S, Cooke RG, Hasey GM, Jorna T, Persad E. Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1997; 34:117-120
  • 22. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Sadock &Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 8.baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 2007.
  • 23. Lee YH. Psychiatric epidemiology in Korea. PartI:Gender and age differences in Seoul. J Nerv Ment Dis 1990; 178: 242- 246.
  • 24. Baldassano CF, Marangell LB, Gyulai L, Ghaemi SN, Joffe H, Kim DR, Sagduyu K, et al. Gender differences in bipolar disorder: retrospective data from the first 500 STEP-BD participants. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7:465-470.
  • 25. Hendrick V, Altschuler LL, Gitlin MJ, Delrahim S, Hammen C. Gender and bipolar illness. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 393-396.
  • 26. Stringaris A, Youngstrom E. Unpacking the differences in US/UK rates of clinical diagnoses of early-onset bipolar disorder. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;53(6):609-11.
  • 27. Hirschfeld RMA, Bowden CL, Gitlin MJ. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(Suppl):1-35.
  • 28. Goodwin RD, Jacobi F, Bittner A, Wittchen HU. Duygudurum bozukluklarının epidemiyolojisi. T Oral (Çev. Ed.), Duygudurum Bozuklukları Temel Kitabı, İstanbul: Sigma Publishing, 2007,p.33-54.
  • 29. Bellivier F, Golmard J, Rietschel M. Age at onset in Bipolar I Affective Disorder: further evidence for three subgroups. Am J Psych 2003; 160: 999-1001.
  • 30. Sayın A, Aslan S. Duygudurum bozuklukları ile huy, karakter ve kişilik ilişkisi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2005; 16:276-83.
  • 31. Post RM, Kupka R, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, Rowe M, et al. Further Evidence of a Cohort Effect in Bipolar Disorder: More Early Onsets and Family History of Psychiatric Illness in More Recent Epochs. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m1012
  • 32. Patel NC, DelBello MP, Keck PE, Strakowski SM. Pheneomenology associated with age at onset in patients with bipolar disorder at their first psychiatric hospitalization. Bipolar Disord 2006; 8: 91-4.
  • 33. Dell'Osso L, Placidi GF, Nassi R, Freer P, Cassano GB, Akiskal HS. The manic- depressive mixed state: Familial, temperamental and psychopathologic characteristics in 108 female inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 240: 234- 39.
  • 34. Bebbington P, Ramana R. The epidemiology of bipolar disorder. Soc Psychiatry Epid 1995; 30:279-92
  • 35. Rice J, Reich T, Nancy C A, Endicott J, Eerdewegh MV. The familial transmision of Bipolar Illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 441-47.
  • 36. Köroğlu E. Duygudurum Bozuklukları: Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1996;1: 429-448.
  • 37. Uluşahin A. Bipolar bozukluğun genetiği. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi 2004; 12;(ek 2) 31-8.
  • 38. Barnett JH, Smoller JW.The genetics of bipolar disorder. Neuroscience. 2009; 164: 331-43.
  • 39. Kerner B. Genetics of bipolar disorder. Appl Clin Genet 2013; 7: 33-42.
  • 40. Sobczak S, Honig A, Riedel WJ: Caute trytophan depletion in bipolar disorders. Acta neuropsychiatrica 2000; 12(3): 69-72.
  • 41. Işık E. Depresyon ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. İstanbul:Görsel Sanatlar Basımevi, 2003: 467-540.
  • 42. van Enkhuizen J, Milienne-Petiot M, Geyer MA, Young JW. Modeling bipolar disorder in mice by increasing acetylcholine or dopamine: chronic lithium treats most, but not all features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015;232(18):3455-67.
  • 43. Brady RO Jr, McCarthy JM, Prescot AP, Jensen JE, Cooper AJ, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Ongür D. Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013;15(4):434-9.
  • 44. Grunze A, Meisenzahl E, Grunze H. Neuroimaging of bipolar disorders. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2013 ;81 (Suppl 1):17-21.
  • 45. Mahmood T, Silverstone T Neuroendocrine challenge with a 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist differentiates between two subtypes of bipolar disorder according to polarity of onset. J Psychopharmacol. 2005;19(1):109-10.
  • 46. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62(6):593-602.
  • 47. Montgomery SA, Cassano G. Management of bipolar disorder. Martin Dunitz Ltd. Londra, 1996.
  • 48. Begley CE, Annegers JF, Swann AC, Lewis C, Coan S, Schnapp WB, et al. The lifetime cost of bipolar disorder in the US: an estimate for new cases in 1998. Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 1):483-95.
  • 49. DSM IV tanı ölçütleri el kitabı. Çev. Ertuğrul Köroğlu, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara,179-182, 1994.
  • 50. Tondo L, Vázquez GH, Baldessarini RJ. Depression and Mania in Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; Jun 6.
  • 51. Van Meter AR, Burke C, Youngstrom EA, Faedda GL, Correll CU.The Bipolar Prodrome: Meta-Analysis of Symptom Prevalence Prior to Initial or Recurrent Mood Episodes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016;55(7):543-55.
  • 52. Shakibaei F, Alikhani M, Mahaki B, Sichani NK, Tabatabaei HD. The evaluation of mood condition among depressed adolescent students in Isfahan after 6 years.Adv Biomed Res 2016; 30;5:94.
  • 53. Suominen K, Mantere O, Valtonen H, Arvilommi P, Leppamaki S, Paunio T, Isometsa E. Early age onset of bipolar disordder is associated with more severe clinical features but delayed treatment seeking. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 698-705.
  • 54. Mandelli L, Souery D, Bartova L, Kasper S, Montgomery S, Zohar J, et al..Bipolar II disorder as a risk factor for postpartum depression.J Affect Disord 2016; 204:54-8.
  • 55. van der Voort TY, Seldenrijk A, van Meijel B, Goossens PJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW, Kupka RW. Functional versus syndromal recovery in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorderJ Clin Psychiatry 2015;76(6):e809-14.
  • 56. Schaffer A, Isometsä ET, Tondo L, Moreno DH, Sinyor M, Kessing LV, Turecki G, et al. Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015;49:785-802.
  • 57. Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA, Mitsuyasu H, Tanaka S, Stockton S, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2014;1(5):351-9. 58. Lindström L, Lindström E, Nilsson M, Höistad M. Maintenance therapy with second generation antipsychotics for bipolar disorder - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017; 14;213:138-150.
  • 59. Chatterton ML, Stockings E, Berk M, Barendregt JJ, Carter R, Mihalopoulos C. Psychosocial therapies for the adjunctive treatment of bipolar disorder in adults: network meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 Feb 16. pii: bjp.bp.116.195321.
Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 30, 41 - 54, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.323344

Abstract

References

  • 1. Eroğlu Zengin M, Özpoyraz N. Bipolar bozuklukta koruyucu tedavi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar­Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2010; 2(2):206-36.
  • 2. Fagiolini A , Coluccia A, Maina G, Forgione RN, Goracci A, Cuomo A. Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Management of Mixed States in Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(9):725-40.
  • 3. Maj M, Akiskal HS, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Sartorius N. Bipolar Disorders. West Sussex, UK, Wiley, 2002.
  • 4. Angst J, Marneros A. Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth. J Affect Disord. 2001; 67 (1-3): 3-19.
  • 5. Kaplan H, Saddock B. Bipolar Disorders. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th Ed, 2000; 1284- 1289.
  • 6. Akiskal HS. Classification, diagnosis and boundaries of bipolar disorders: A review. In Bipolar Disorders. WPA Series Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry (Eds M Maj, HS Akiskal, JJ López-Ibor, N Sartorius): 1-50. Chichester, Wiley, 2002.
  • 7. Borch-Jacobsen M.Which came first, the condition or the drug?. London. Review of Books, 2010; 32 (19): 31-33.
  • 8. Pichot P. Circular insanity, 150 years on. Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medicine 2004; 188 (2): 275-284.
  • 9. Sedler MJ. Falret's discovery: The origin of the concept of bipolar affective illness. Translated by M. J. Sedler and Eric C. Dessain. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140 (9): 1127-1133.
  • 10. Oral T. İki uçlu bozukluk. İstanbul: WPA serisi, CSA Medikal Yayın Ajansı, 2002;441-503.
  • 11. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-Depressive İllness. New York: Oxford University, 1990.
  • 12. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR.(Introduction) Manic-Depressive Illness. Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression. 2nd Edition. Goodwin FK & Jamison KR. Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • 13. APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5 ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • 14. Gureje O, Lasebikan VO, Kola L, Makanjuola VA. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and well-being. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188:465-71.
  • 15. Cederlöf M-, Larsson H-, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C, Serlachius E, Ludvigsson JF. Nationwide population-based cohort study of psychiatric disorders in individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or hypermobility syndrome and their siblings. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 4;16(1):207.
  • 16. Judd LL, Akiskal HS. The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US population: Re-analysis of the ECA database taking into account subthreshold cases. J Affect Disord 2003; 73 (1-2): 123-131.
  • 17. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, Kessler RC. "Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication". Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64(5): 543-552.
  • 18. Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, Kessler RC, Lee S, Sampson NA, Viana MC et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68(3):241-51.
  • 19. Begeley CE, Annegers JF, Swann AC, Lewis C, Coan S, Schnapp WB.The lifetime cost of bipolar disorder in the United States: an estimate based on incidence and course of illness. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19:483-495.
  • 20. Güleç C, Köroğlu E. Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı. 2. Baskı, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara: Medico Graphics Matbaası, 2007.
  • 21. Kruger S, Cooke RG, Hasey GM, Jorna T, Persad E. Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1997; 34:117-120
  • 22. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Sadock &Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 8.baskı, Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 2007.
  • 23. Lee YH. Psychiatric epidemiology in Korea. PartI:Gender and age differences in Seoul. J Nerv Ment Dis 1990; 178: 242- 246.
  • 24. Baldassano CF, Marangell LB, Gyulai L, Ghaemi SN, Joffe H, Kim DR, Sagduyu K, et al. Gender differences in bipolar disorder: retrospective data from the first 500 STEP-BD participants. Bipolar Disord 2005; 7:465-470.
  • 25. Hendrick V, Altschuler LL, Gitlin MJ, Delrahim S, Hammen C. Gender and bipolar illness. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 393-396.
  • 26. Stringaris A, Youngstrom E. Unpacking the differences in US/UK rates of clinical diagnoses of early-onset bipolar disorder. Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;53(6):609-11.
  • 27. Hirschfeld RMA, Bowden CL, Gitlin MJ. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(Suppl):1-35.
  • 28. Goodwin RD, Jacobi F, Bittner A, Wittchen HU. Duygudurum bozukluklarının epidemiyolojisi. T Oral (Çev. Ed.), Duygudurum Bozuklukları Temel Kitabı, İstanbul: Sigma Publishing, 2007,p.33-54.
  • 29. Bellivier F, Golmard J, Rietschel M. Age at onset in Bipolar I Affective Disorder: further evidence for three subgroups. Am J Psych 2003; 160: 999-1001.
  • 30. Sayın A, Aslan S. Duygudurum bozuklukları ile huy, karakter ve kişilik ilişkisi. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2005; 16:276-83.
  • 31. Post RM, Kupka R, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, Rowe M, et al. Further Evidence of a Cohort Effect in Bipolar Disorder: More Early Onsets and Family History of Psychiatric Illness in More Recent Epochs. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m1012
  • 32. Patel NC, DelBello MP, Keck PE, Strakowski SM. Pheneomenology associated with age at onset in patients with bipolar disorder at their first psychiatric hospitalization. Bipolar Disord 2006; 8: 91-4.
  • 33. Dell'Osso L, Placidi GF, Nassi R, Freer P, Cassano GB, Akiskal HS. The manic- depressive mixed state: Familial, temperamental and psychopathologic characteristics in 108 female inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 240: 234- 39.
  • 34. Bebbington P, Ramana R. The epidemiology of bipolar disorder. Soc Psychiatry Epid 1995; 30:279-92
  • 35. Rice J, Reich T, Nancy C A, Endicott J, Eerdewegh MV. The familial transmision of Bipolar Illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 441-47.
  • 36. Köroğlu E. Duygudurum Bozuklukları: Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 1996;1: 429-448.
  • 37. Uluşahin A. Bipolar bozukluğun genetiği. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi 2004; 12;(ek 2) 31-8.
  • 38. Barnett JH, Smoller JW.The genetics of bipolar disorder. Neuroscience. 2009; 164: 331-43.
  • 39. Kerner B. Genetics of bipolar disorder. Appl Clin Genet 2013; 7: 33-42.
  • 40. Sobczak S, Honig A, Riedel WJ: Caute trytophan depletion in bipolar disorders. Acta neuropsychiatrica 2000; 12(3): 69-72.
  • 41. Işık E. Depresyon ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. İstanbul:Görsel Sanatlar Basımevi, 2003: 467-540.
  • 42. van Enkhuizen J, Milienne-Petiot M, Geyer MA, Young JW. Modeling bipolar disorder in mice by increasing acetylcholine or dopamine: chronic lithium treats most, but not all features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015;232(18):3455-67.
  • 43. Brady RO Jr, McCarthy JM, Prescot AP, Jensen JE, Cooper AJ, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF, Ongür D. Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013;15(4):434-9.
  • 44. Grunze A, Meisenzahl E, Grunze H. Neuroimaging of bipolar disorders. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2013 ;81 (Suppl 1):17-21.
  • 45. Mahmood T, Silverstone T Neuroendocrine challenge with a 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist differentiates between two subtypes of bipolar disorder according to polarity of onset. J Psychopharmacol. 2005;19(1):109-10.
  • 46. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62(6):593-602.
  • 47. Montgomery SA, Cassano G. Management of bipolar disorder. Martin Dunitz Ltd. Londra, 1996.
  • 48. Begley CE, Annegers JF, Swann AC, Lewis C, Coan S, Schnapp WB, et al. The lifetime cost of bipolar disorder in the US: an estimate for new cases in 1998. Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(5 Pt 1):483-95.
  • 49. DSM IV tanı ölçütleri el kitabı. Çev. Ertuğrul Köroğlu, Hekimler Yayın Birliği, Ankara,179-182, 1994.
  • 50. Tondo L, Vázquez GH, Baldessarini RJ. Depression and Mania in Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; Jun 6.
  • 51. Van Meter AR, Burke C, Youngstrom EA, Faedda GL, Correll CU.The Bipolar Prodrome: Meta-Analysis of Symptom Prevalence Prior to Initial or Recurrent Mood Episodes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016;55(7):543-55.
  • 52. Shakibaei F, Alikhani M, Mahaki B, Sichani NK, Tabatabaei HD. The evaluation of mood condition among depressed adolescent students in Isfahan after 6 years.Adv Biomed Res 2016; 30;5:94.
  • 53. Suominen K, Mantere O, Valtonen H, Arvilommi P, Leppamaki S, Paunio T, Isometsa E. Early age onset of bipolar disordder is associated with more severe clinical features but delayed treatment seeking. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9: 698-705.
  • 54. Mandelli L, Souery D, Bartova L, Kasper S, Montgomery S, Zohar J, et al..Bipolar II disorder as a risk factor for postpartum depression.J Affect Disord 2016; 204:54-8.
  • 55. van der Voort TY, Seldenrijk A, van Meijel B, Goossens PJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW, Kupka RW. Functional versus syndromal recovery in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorderJ Clin Psychiatry 2015;76(6):e809-14.
  • 56. Schaffer A, Isometsä ET, Tondo L, Moreno DH, Sinyor M, Kessing LV, Turecki G, et al. Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015;49:785-802.
  • 57. Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA, Mitsuyasu H, Tanaka S, Stockton S, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2014;1(5):351-9. 58. Lindström L, Lindström E, Nilsson M, Höistad M. Maintenance therapy with second generation antipsychotics for bipolar disorder - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017; 14;213:138-150.
  • 59. Chatterton ML, Stockings E, Berk M, Barendregt JJ, Carter R, Mihalopoulos C. Psychosocial therapies for the adjunctive treatment of bipolar disorder in adults: network meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2017 Feb 16. pii: bjp.bp.116.195321.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Çağdaş Hünkar Yeloğlu This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Submission Date August 16, 2016
Acceptance Date March 7, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 30

Cite

Vancouver Yeloğlu ÇH. ÖNEMLİ BİR RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNU: BİPOLAR BOZUKLUK. mkutfd. 2017;8(30):41-54.