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Investigation of Relationship between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders with Infections Agents

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 31, 14 - 22, 01.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.376516

Abstract

Aim: Considering
the results of epidemiological studies, claimed that some congenital and
postpartum infections in the intrauterine period, especially in 2nd Trimester,
may play a role for the occurrence of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder(BD).
Aim of our study; serum samples of schizophreni-BD patients and healthy
asymptomatic donors, Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), Chlamydia pneumoni
(C.pneumoniae), Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis), Cytomegalovirus (CMV),
Herpes simplex Virus(HSV1-HSV2), Treponema pallidum (T.pallidum) and Barnavirus
which associated with psychic disorders evaluated using serological diagnostic
methods and investigated the possible relationship of infections.

 

Material and
Methods: In this study, ELISA method was used for seroprevalence of congenital
and postpartum infections. Also, Sandwich EIA method was used for Endogenous
Bornavirus Like Nucleoprotein1(EBLN1) in peripheral blood samples.

 

Results: Serum
samples from 258 patients consisting of 96 female-162 male observed in
psychiatry clinics and from healthy asymptomatic 150 donors including 100
male-50 female who came to the blood centers to donate blood. A significant
difference wasn’t detected among seropositivity rates of CMV, HSV1-HSV2 and
T.pallidum for patients and control groups. In statistical aspects,
seroprevalence of T.gondii and C.pneumoniae in patients(93.02%-68.99%) were
found significantly higher than the seropositivity rate of the control
groups(63.33%-50%). Despite C.trachomatis showed a statistically significant
difference between patients and control group of women compared to patients and
control group of men, but significant difference weren’t detected in whole investigated
population. BVLN1 was detected 4 men(2.46%) in the patient group.

 













Conclusion: Based
on study results, T.gondii and C.pneumoniae carry higher risk in patients with
schizophrenia and BD compared to control ones.

References

  • Cıtak S, Oral E.T, Aker A.T, Şenocak M. Şizofreni’de eksiklik sendromu çizelgesi (ESC)’nin guvenilirlik ve geçerlilik calışması. Turk psikyatri dergisi 2006; 17(2):115-128.
  • Bertram L, Tanzi RE. The genetic epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease. J Clin Investig. 2005; 115: 1449- 1457.
  • Işık E. Depresyon ve bipolar bozukluklar duygu durumu bozuklukları. 1. Baskı Ankara gorsel sanatlar matbaacılık. 2003; p33-51.
  • Drecke T. On the germ-theory of disease. Am. J. Insanit.1998; 30:443–468.
  • Tedla Y, Shibre T, Ali O, Tadele G, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D. Serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a case-control study. Ethiop Med J. 2011; 49(3): 211-220.
  • Akiskal, H. S, Norma S. Bipolar Disorder, Chichester: John Wiley&Sons. 2002; 414- 416.
  • Gilbody S, Lewis S, Lightfoot T. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 1–13.
  • Xu J, Sun J, Chen J, Wang L, Li A, Helm M, et al. RNA-Seq analysis implicates dysregulation of the immune system in schizophrenia. BMC Genomics, 2012; 13(Suppl 8):S2.
  • Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Mueller N, Gu S, Wank R. Associations between Chlamydophila infections, schizophrenia and risk of HLA-A10. Mol Psychiatry, 2007; 12: 264-272.
  • Eaton W.W, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Che C.Y, Agerbo E, et al. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am. J. Psychiatr. 2006; 163, 521–528.
  • 11 Shoval G, Weizman A. the possible role of neurotrophins in the pathogenesis and therapy of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005; 15:319-29.
  • 12 Yolken RH, Torrey EF, Lieberman JA, Yang S, Dickerson FB. Serological evidence of exposure to Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 is associated with cognitive deficits in the CATIE schizophrenia sample. Schizophr Res. 2011; 128(1-3): 61-5.
  • 13 Bode L. Human bornavirus infection– towards a valid diagnostic system. Apmis Suppl. 2008; 116(s124): 21-39.
  • 14 Karakose AR, Yuksel P, Turan N, Ziver T, Saribas, S. Does borna disease virüs (BDV) have a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia? Afr J of Microbiol Res. 2011; 5: 1062-1069.
  • Dickerson FB, Boronow JJ, Stallings CR. Association of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 with cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60:466-472.
  • Kahler AK, Djurovic S, Kulle B, Jonsson EG, Agartz I. Association analysis of schizophrenia on 18 genes involved in neuronal migration: MDGA1 as a new susceptibility gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.2008; 147B:1089- 1100.
  • Roberts MC, Emsley RA, Jordaan GP. Screening for Syphilis and Neurosyphilis in acute psychiatric admissions. South African Med J. 1992; 82: 16-18.
  • Tomruk NB, Karamustafaoglu N, Kukurt R, Alpay N. Norosifliz bir olgu sunumu. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni. 1998; 8: 235-240.
  • Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Wank R. High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hypotheses. 2005; 65; 243-252.
  • Sundelof B, Gnarpe H, Gnarpe J. “An unusual manifestation of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: meningitis, hepatitis, iritis and atypical erythema nodosum. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993; 25: 259-261.
  • Kalayci F. The role of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the ethiopatogenesis of schizophrenia: relationship between schizophrenia and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Master thesis. University of Istanbul, Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, 2014.
  • Park MH, Kwon YJ, Jeong HY, Lee HY, Hwangbo Y. Association between intracellular infectious agents and schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2012; 10: 117-12.

ŞİZOFRENİ VE BİPOLAR BOZUKLUKLAR İLE ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 31, 14 - 22, 01.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.376516

Abstract

Amaç: Şizofreni ve
Bipolar Bozukluk (BP) oluşmasında intrauterin dönemde özelliklede 2.trimesterda
geçirilen bazı konjenital ve postpartum enfeksiyonların rolünün olabileceği
epidemiyolojik çalışma sonuçlarına dayanarak iddia edilmiştir. Çalışmamızın
amacı şizofreni ve BP tanısı almış hastalar ile sağlıklı asemptomatik donöre
ait serum örneklerinin; psişik bozukluklar ile ilişkilendirilen; Toxoplasma
gondii (T.gondii), Chlamydia pneumonia (C.pneumoniae), Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis),
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex Virus 1-2 (HSV1-HSV2), Treponema pallidum
(T.pallidum) ve Bornavirus enfeksiyonları açısından serolojik tanı yöntemleri
ile değerlendirilmesi ve muhtemel ilişkinin tespitidir.

 

Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu çalışmada, kan ve serum örneklerinde ELISA yöntemi kullanılarak konjenital
ve postpartum enfeksiyonların seroprevalansı araştırıldı. Ayrıca periferik kan
örnekleri sandiviç EIA yöntemi kullanılarak Endogenous Bornavirus Like
Nucleoprotein-1 (EBLN1) varlığı açısından sorgulandı.

 

Bulgular:
Psikiyatri kliniklerinde takip edilmekte olan 96’sı kadın 162’si de erkek
toplam 258 hasta ile kan merkezlerine kan bağışı amacıyla gelen sağlıklı
asemptomatik 50’si kadın 100’ü de erkek toplam 150 donöre ait serum örneği
kullanıldı. Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında CMV, HSV1, HSV2 ve T.pallidum
seropozitiflik oranlarında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilemedi. T.gondii ve
C.pneumoniae seroprevalansının hasta gruplarında (%93,02-%68,99) kontrol
gruplarına ait seropozitiflik oranından (%63,33- %50) istatistiki yönden
anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu görüldü. C.trachomatis hasta ve kontrol grubu
kadınlarda hasta ve kontrol grubu erkeklere oranla istatistiki yönden anlamlı
fark göstermesine rağmen; hasta ve kontrol gruplarının genelinde bir fark
tespit edilemedi. BVLN-1 sadece hasta grubundaki 4 (%2,46) erkekte bulundu.

 













Sonuç: T.gondii ve
C.pneumoniae seroprevalansına dayanan sonuçlarımız bu iki mikroorganizmanın
şizofreni ve BP olan hastalarda kontrollere göre daha yüksek risk taşıdığını
göstermiştir.

References

  • Cıtak S, Oral E.T, Aker A.T, Şenocak M. Şizofreni’de eksiklik sendromu çizelgesi (ESC)’nin guvenilirlik ve geçerlilik calışması. Turk psikyatri dergisi 2006; 17(2):115-128.
  • Bertram L, Tanzi RE. The genetic epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease. J Clin Investig. 2005; 115: 1449- 1457.
  • Işık E. Depresyon ve bipolar bozukluklar duygu durumu bozuklukları. 1. Baskı Ankara gorsel sanatlar matbaacılık. 2003; p33-51.
  • Drecke T. On the germ-theory of disease. Am. J. Insanit.1998; 30:443–468.
  • Tedla Y, Shibre T, Ali O, Tadele G, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D. Serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Herpesvidae family viruses in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a case-control study. Ethiop Med J. 2011; 49(3): 211-220.
  • Akiskal, H. S, Norma S. Bipolar Disorder, Chichester: John Wiley&Sons. 2002; 414- 416.
  • Gilbody S, Lewis S, Lightfoot T. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 1–13.
  • Xu J, Sun J, Chen J, Wang L, Li A, Helm M, et al. RNA-Seq analysis implicates dysregulation of the immune system in schizophrenia. BMC Genomics, 2012; 13(Suppl 8):S2.
  • Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Mueller N, Gu S, Wank R. Associations between Chlamydophila infections, schizophrenia and risk of HLA-A10. Mol Psychiatry, 2007; 12: 264-272.
  • Eaton W.W, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Che C.Y, Agerbo E, et al. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am. J. Psychiatr. 2006; 163, 521–528.
  • 11 Shoval G, Weizman A. the possible role of neurotrophins in the pathogenesis and therapy of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005; 15:319-29.
  • 12 Yolken RH, Torrey EF, Lieberman JA, Yang S, Dickerson FB. Serological evidence of exposure to Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 is associated with cognitive deficits in the CATIE schizophrenia sample. Schizophr Res. 2011; 128(1-3): 61-5.
  • 13 Bode L. Human bornavirus infection– towards a valid diagnostic system. Apmis Suppl. 2008; 116(s124): 21-39.
  • 14 Karakose AR, Yuksel P, Turan N, Ziver T, Saribas, S. Does borna disease virüs (BDV) have a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia? Afr J of Microbiol Res. 2011; 5: 1062-1069.
  • Dickerson FB, Boronow JJ, Stallings CR. Association of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 with cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003; 60:466-472.
  • Kahler AK, Djurovic S, Kulle B, Jonsson EG, Agartz I. Association analysis of schizophrenia on 18 genes involved in neuronal migration: MDGA1 as a new susceptibility gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.2008; 147B:1089- 1100.
  • Roberts MC, Emsley RA, Jordaan GP. Screening for Syphilis and Neurosyphilis in acute psychiatric admissions. South African Med J. 1992; 82: 16-18.
  • Tomruk NB, Karamustafaoglu N, Kukurt R, Alpay N. Norosifliz bir olgu sunumu. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni. 1998; 8: 235-240.
  • Fellerhoff B, Laumbacher B, Wank R. High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hypotheses. 2005; 65; 243-252.
  • Sundelof B, Gnarpe H, Gnarpe J. “An unusual manifestation of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: meningitis, hepatitis, iritis and atypical erythema nodosum. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993; 25: 259-261.
  • Kalayci F. The role of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in the ethiopatogenesis of schizophrenia: relationship between schizophrenia and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Master thesis. University of Istanbul, Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, 2014.
  • Park MH, Kwon YJ, Jeong HY, Lee HY, Hwangbo Y. Association between intracellular infectious agents and schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2012; 10: 117-12.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Cansu Önlen

Publication Date September 1, 2017
Submission Date January 6, 2017
Acceptance Date January 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 31

Cite

Vancouver Önlen C. Investigation of Relationship between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders with Infections Agents. mkutfd. 2017;8(31):14-22.