Lazer Doppler Flovmetre

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 38, 99 - 104, 15.12.2019

Derya Güler Emine Şen Tunç

https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.538803

Abstract

Pulpa
vitalitesinin değerlendirilmesi diş hekimliği pratiğinde teşhis aşamasında
kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Geleneksel pulpa canlılık test yöntemleri pulpal
innervasyona dayalıdır ve bazen yanlış pozitif ya da yanlış negatif cevaplar
verebilmektedir. Ayrıca, bu yöntemler hastanın uyaranlara cevabını
değerlendirdiklerinden subjektif testlerdir. Pulpa vitalitesi, kan desteğinin
doku içinde bulunduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Son zamanlarda pulpa vitalitesinin
belirlenmesinde pulpal kan akımının yarı nicel kaydına izin veren non invaziv
ve ağrısız elektro optik bir teknik olan Lazer Doppler Flovmetre’nin
kullanılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Bu derleme ile dokuların canlılığının
değerlendirilmesinde non-invaziv bir yöntem olan Lazer Doppler Flovmetre
cihazının anlatılması ve bu yöntemin kullanılabileceği alanların bildirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Diş hekimliği, Lazer Doppler Flovmetre, Pulpal kan akımı, vitalite testi

Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Abstract

Evaluation of the
vitality of pulp is of critical importance in the diagnostic process in
dentistry practice. Conventional pulp test methods are based on pulpal innervation
and sometimes give false positive or false negative responses. In addition,
these methods are subjective tests because they evaluate the response of the
patient to stimuli. Pulp vitality means that blood support is present in the
tissue. Recently, it has been observed that Laser Doppler Flowmeter, a
non-invasive and painless electro-optic technique allowing semi-quantitative
recording of pulpal blood flow, is being used in the determination of pulp
vitality. The aim of this review is to describe Laser Doppler Flovmeter which
is a non-invasive method for evaluating the viability of the tissues and to
report the areas where this method can be used.

Keywords

Dentistry, Laser Doppler Flowmetry, Pulpal blood flow, Vitality test

References

• J. M. Schmitt, R. L. Webber, and E. C. Walker, ‘Optical Determination of Dental Pulp Vitality’, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 38,4 (1991): 346-52.
• E. Roy, B. Alliot-Licht, S. Dajean-Trutaud, C. Fraysse, A. Jean, and V. Armengol, ‘Evaluation of the Ability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for the Assessment of Pulp Vitality in General Dental Practice’, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 106,4 (2008): 615-20.
• Y_ Yeh, and HZ Cummins, ‘Localized Fluid Flow Measurements with an He–Ne Laser Spectrometer’, Applied Physics Letters 4,10 (1964): 176-78.
• Charles Riva, Benjamin Ross, and George B Benedek, ‘Laser Doppler Measurements of Blood Flow in Capillary Tubes and Retinal Arteries’, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 11,11 (1972): 936-44.
• B. Gazelius, L. Olgart, B. Edwall, and L. Edwall, ‘Non-Invasive Recording of Blood Flow in Human Dental Pulp’, Endod Dent Traumatol 2,5 (1986): 219-21.
• Kahraman Güngör, Lazer Doppler Flowmetri (Ldf)’Nin Dişhekimliğindeki Önemi, (Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi University, 2003).
• A. E. Ingolfsson, L. Tronstad, and C. E. Riva, ‘Reliability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Testing Vitality of Human Teeth’, Endod Dent Traumatol 10,4 (1994): 185-7.
• B. Matthews, and N. Vongsavan, ‘Advantages and Limitations of Laser Doppler Flow Meters’, Int Endod J 26,1 (1993): 9-10.
• P. A. Oberg, ‘Laser-Doppler Flowmetry’, Crit Rev Biomed Eng 18,2 (1990): 125-63.
• T. M. Odor, T. F. Watson, T. R. Pitt Ford, and F. McDonald, ‘Pattern of Transmission of Laser Light in Teeth’, Int Endod J 29,4 (1996): 228-34.
• E. M. Roebuck, D. J. Evans, D. Stirrups, and R. Strang, ‘The Effect of Wavelength, Bandwidth, and Probe Design and Position on Assessing the Vitality of Anterior Teeth with Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, Int J Paediatr Dent 10,3 (2000): 213-20.
• S. Polat, K. Er, and N. T. Polat, ‘The Lamp Effect of Laser Doppler Flowmetry on Teeth’, J Oral Rehabil 32,11 (2005): 844-8.
• T. M. Odor, T. R. Ford, and F. McDonald, ‘Effect of Probe Design and Bandwidth on Laser Doppler Readings from Vital and Root-Filled Teeth’, Med Eng Phys 18,5 (1996): 359-64.
• Kerem Engin Akpınar, ‘Dentin Çürüğü Bulunan Dişlerde Meydana Gelen Pulpa Kan Akim Hizindaki Değİşİkliğin Laser Doppler Flowmetry (Ldf) Metodu Ile Değerlendirilmesi’.
• A. R. Ingolfsson, L. Tronstad, E. V. Hersh, and C. E. Riva, ‘Effect of Probe Design on the Suitability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Vitality Testing of Human Teeth’, Endod Dent Traumatol 9,2 (1993): 65-70.
• M. Ikawa, N. Vongsavan, and H. Horiuchi, ‘Scattering of Laser Light Directed onto the Labial Surface of Extracted Human Upper Central Incisors’, J Endod 25,7 (1999): 483-5.
• S. Polat, K. Er, K. E. Akpinar, and N. T. Polat, ‘The Sources of Laser Doppler Blood-Flow Signals Recorded from Vital and Root Canal Treated Teeth’, Arch Oral Biol 49,1 (2004): 53-7.
• A. Hartmann, J. Azerad, and Y. Boucher, ‘Environmental Effects on Laser Doppler Pulpal Blood-Flow Measurements in Man’, Arch Oral Biol 41,4 (1996): 333-9.
• K. E. Akpinar, K. Er, S. Polat, and N. T. Polat, ‘Effect of Gingiva on Laser Doppler Pulpal Blood Flow Measurements’, J Endod 30,3 (2004): 138-40.
• S. Soo-ampon, N. Vongsavan, M. Soo-ampon, S. Chuckpaiwong, and B. Matthews, ‘The Sources of Laser Doppler Blood-Flow Signals Recorded from Human Teeth’, Arch Oral Biol 48,5 (2003): 353-60.
• T. Sasano, D. Onodera, K. Hashimoto, M. Iikubo, S. Satoh-Kuriwada, N. Shoji, and T. Miyahara, ‘Possible Application of Transmitted Laser Light for the Assessment of Human Pulp Vitality. Part 2. Increased Laser Power for Enhanced Detection of Pulpal Blood Flow’, Dent Traumatol 21,1 (2005): 37-41.
• Y. Konno, T. Daimaruya, M. Iikubo, R. Kanzaki, I. Takahashi, J. Sugawara, and T. Sasano, ‘Morphologic and Hemodynamic Analysis of Dental Pulp in Dogs after Molar Intrusion with the Skeletal Anchorage System’, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 132,2 (2007): 199-207.
• H. Jafarzadeh, ‘Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Endodontics: A Review’, Int Endod J 42,6 (2009): 476-90.
• N. Ghouth, M. S. Duggal, A. BaniHani, and H. Nazzal, ‘The Diagnostic Accuracy of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Assessing Pulp Blood Flow in Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review’, Dent Traumatol 34,5 (2018): 311-19.
• K. Yanpiset, N. Vongsavan, A. Sigurdsson, and M. Trope, ‘Efficacy of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for the Diagnosis of Revascularization of Reimplanted Immature Dog Teeth’, Dent Traumatol 17,2 (2001): 63-70.
• G. M. Verdickt, and P. V. Abbott, ‘Blood Flow Changes in Human Dental Pulps When Capsaicin Is Applied to the Adjacent Gingival Mucosa’, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92,5 (2001): 561-5.
• J. M. Musselwhite, B. Klitzman, W. Maixner, and E. J. Burkes, Jr., ‘Laser Doppler Flowmetry: A Clinical Test of Pulpal Vitality’, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 84,4 (1997): 411-9.
• E. Andersen, H. Aars, and P. Brodin, ‘Effects of Cooling and Heating of the Tooth on Pulpal Blood Flow in Man’, Endod Dent Traumatol 10,6 (1994): 256-9.
• H. E. Goodis, V. Winthrop, and J. M. White, ‘Pulpal Responses to Cooling Tooth Temperatures’, J Endod 26,5 (2000): 263-7.
• V. Gopikrishna, G. Pradeep, and N. Venkateshbabu, ‘Assessment of Pulp Vitality: A Review’, Int J Paediatr Dent 19,1 (2009): 3-15.
• H. Strobl, G. Gojer, B. Norer, and R. Emshoff, ‘Assessing Revascularization of Avulsed Permanent Maxillary Incisors by Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, J Am Dent Assoc 134,12 (2003): 1597-603.
• C. Winzap-Kalin, V. Chappuis, and T. von Arx, ‘[Laser Doppler Flowmetry for Vitality Testing of Traumatized Maxillary Incisors]’, Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 115,1 (2005): 12-7.
• R. Emshoff, I. Moschen, and H. Strobl, ‘Treatment Outcomes of Dental Injury Diagnoses as Related to Blood Flow Measurements from Teeth’, J Oral Rehabil 35,3 (2008): 209-17.
• R. D. Fratkin, D. J. Kenny, and D. H. Johnston, ‘Evaluation of a Laser Doppler Flowmeter to Assess Blood Flow in Human Primary Incisor Teeth’, Pediatr Dent 21,1 (1999): 53-6.
• C. Goho, ‘Pulse Oximetry Evaluation of Vitality in Primary and Immature Permanent Teeth’, Pediatr Dent 21,2 (1999): 125-7.
• Hüseyin Karayilmaz, and Zuhal Kırzıoğlu, ‘Genç Daimi Dişlerin Pulpa Kan Akımı Değişimlerinin Lazer Doppler Flowmetri Ile Değerlendirilmesi’, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 16,2 (2010): 129-35.
• M. Ikawa, M. Fujiwara, H. Horiuchi, and H. Shimauchi, ‘The Effect of Short-Term Tooth Intrusion on Human Pulpal Blood Flow Measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, Arch Oral Biol 46,9 (2001): 781-7.
• A. D. Watson, T. R. Pitt Ford, and F. McDonald, ‘Blood Flow Changes in the Dental Pulp During Limited Exercise Measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, Int Endod J 25,2 (1992): 82-7.
• J. Ahn, and M. A. Pogrel, ‘The Effects of 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 Epinephrine on Pulpal and Gingival Blood Flow’, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85,2 (1998): 197-202.
• H. S. Chng, T. R. Pitt Ford, and F. McDonald, ‘Effects of Prilocaine Local Anaesthetic Solutions on Pulpal Blood Flow in Maxillary Canines’, Endod Dent Traumatol 12,2 (1996): 89-95.
• W. H. Raab, W. Magerl, and H. Muller, ‘Changes in Dental Blood Flow Following Electrical Tooth Pulp Stimulation--Influences of Capsaicin and Guanethidine’, Agents Actions 25,3-4 (1988): 237-9.
• E. M. Fernieini, J. D. Bennett, D. G. Silverman, and T. M. Halaszynski, ‘Hemodynamic Assessment of Local Anesthetic Administration by Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 91,5 (2001): 526-30.
• P. Brodin, L. Linge, and H. Aars, ‘Instant Assessment of Pulpal Blood Flow after Orthodontic Force Application’, J Orofac Orthop 57,5 (1996): 306-9.
• Y. Sano, M. Ikawa, J. Sugawara, H. Horiuchi, and H. Mitani, ‘The Effect of Continuous Intrusive Force on Human Pulpal Blood Flow’, Eur J Orthod 24,2 (2002): 159-66.
• H. Babacan, C. Doruk, and A. A. Bicakci, ‘Pulpal Blood Flow Changes Due to Rapid Maxillary Expansion’, Angle Orthod 80,6 (2010): 1136-40.
• T. von Arx, V. Chappuis, C. Winzap-Kalin, and M. M. Bornstein, ‘Laser Doppler Flowmetry for Assessment of Anterior Mandibular Teeth in Conjunction with Bone Harvesting in the Symphysis: A Clinical Pilot Study’, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 22,3 (2007): 383-9.
• N. P. Chandler, T. R. Pitt Ford, and B. D. Monteith, ‘Effect of Restorations on Pulpal Blood Flow in Molars Measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry’, Int Endod J 43,1 (2010): 41-6.
• David A Baab, and P Åke Öberg, ‘The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Gingival Blood Flow in Humans’, Journal of clinical periodontology 14,7 (1987): 418-24.
• H Develioğlu, F Hürmüzlü, and İ Hubbezoğlu, ‘Taşkın Dolgularla Papiller Kan Akışı Arasındaki Ilişkinin Laser Doppler Flowmetre Yardımıyla Değerlendirilmesi’, Selçuk Ünv. Dişhek Fak. Derg 12,2 (2002): 52-55.
• TN Meekin, RF Wilson, DA Scott, M Ide, and RM Palmer, ‘Laser Doppler Flowmeter Measurement of Relative Gingival and Forehead Skin Blood Flow in Light and Heavy Smokers During and after Smoking’, Journal of clinical periodontology 27,4 (2000): 236-42.
• S. Ersahan, F. A. Sabuncuoglu, and E. A. Oktay, ‘The Efficacy of Laser Doppler Flowmetry, Electric Pulp Test and Cold Test in Diagnosing Revascularization of Extrusively Luxated Immature Maxillary Incisors’, Pak J Med Sci 34,4 (2018): 787-93.
• Dt Deniz Kökçü, Yrd Doç Dr Murat Yenisey, and Yrd Doç Dr Ahmet Umut Güler, Blood Flow Measurement in Dentistry and Laser Doppler Flowmetry, (Atatürk Üniversitesi Ataturk University, 2014).