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Hatay’da PM10 ve SO2 Düzeyi ve Değişimleri, 2007-2017

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 39, 18 - 25, 19.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.519168

Abstract
















Amaç:Hava kalitesi sağlığın en önemli belirleyicilerindendir. Hava kirliliği başta kanserler, kalp
damar hastalıkları, solunum ve sinir sistemi hastalıkları olmak üzere çok
sayıda hastalık için risk faktörüdür.
Çalışmanın amacı Hatay’da hava
kalitesini PM
10 ve SO2 üzerinden yıllar itibarı ile değerlendirmektir. 

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın verileri Antakya ve İskenderun’da rutin ölçüm yapan hava
kalitesi izlem istasyonların 2007 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki yaptığı
ölçümlerden elde edildi. Yılın en az %75 gününde ölçüm yapılan veriler çalışmaya
dâhil edildi. Veriler http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ sunucusundan 24 saatlik
ortalamalar yıllara ve aylara göre analiz edildi.

Bulgular: PM10; Tüm yılların
ortanca
PM10 değeri 53 (min:0-max:995)µg/m3, ortalaması ise 66,6±53,4 µg/m3’dır. Ölçüm yapılan
günler içinde, l
imit
aşımı
Antakya’da % 67,1,
İskenderun’da %24,7 olmak üzere, genel ortalamada
%54,3’tür. Limit aşımı en fazla %94,4 ile 2017 yılı iken, aylara göre ise %72,4 ile
Şubat ayıdır. SO2; Tüm verilerin ortanca SO2 değeri 7(min:0-max:316)
µg/m3’tür. Günlük
SO2 ölçümlerinin %15,6’sında limit aşımı olmuştur. Antakya’da
SO2 limit aşımı %11,6, İskenderun’da %22,3’tür.Yıllara göre en fazla
limit aşımı %26,4 ile 2015 yılı, aylara göre ise %41,9 ile Aralık ayıdır.

Sonuç: Antakya
ve İskenderun’da dış ortam havası kirlidir. Hava kalitesinde yıllar itibarı ile
önemli bir iyileşme görülmemektedir. Hava kalitesini DSÖ’nün değerlerine yükseltebilmek
için sorumlu sektörler başta olmak üzere, toplumun tüm kesimlerinde farkındalık
ve duyarlılık geliştirici çalışmalar gereklidir.

References

  • List of classifications, Volumes 1–123 – IARC [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/
  • Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250141/9789241511353-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • WHO | 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. WHO [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jan 16]; Available from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/
  • Hartman RS, Wheeler D, Singh M. The cost of air pollution abatement. Applied Economics [Internet]. 1997 Jun [cited 2019 Jan 16];29(6):759–74. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/000368497326688
  • Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu. Türkiye’de Hava Kirliliği:Kara Rapor. Vol. 90.
  • Li J, Sun S, Tang R, Qiu H, Huang Q, Mason TG, et al. Major air pollutants and risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 Jun 26];11:3079–91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003742
  • Jiang X-Q, Mei X-D, Feng D. Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of thoracic disease [Internet]. 2016 Jan [cited 2018 Jun 26];8(1):E31-40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904251
  • COPD and Air Pollution | COPD.net [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://copd.net/basics/causes-risk-factors/who-is-at-risk/air-pollution/
  • Raza A, Dahlquist M, Lind T, Ljungman PLS. Susceptibility to short-term ozone exposure and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by previous hospitalizations. Environmental Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 13 [cited 2018 Jun 29];17(1):37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653570
  • Rabiei K, Hosseini S,M, Sadeghi E, Jafari-Koshki T, Rahimi M, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory disease: Rationale and methodology of CAPACITY study. ARYA Atherosclerosis [Internet]. 2017;13(6):264–73. Available from: http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L620744909%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v13i6.1614
  • Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health [Internet]. 2017;1(9):e360–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30166-3
  • Lasley SM, Gilbert ME. Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neurotoxicology [Internet]. 2000 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 16];21(6):1057–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233752
  • Lasley SM, Green MC, Gilbert ME. Rat hippocampal NMDA receptor binding as a function of chronic lead exposure level. Neurotoxicology and teratology [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jun 29];23(2):185–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348836
  • Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Basagaña X, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Cirach M, Beelen R, et al. Air pollution and human fertility rates. Environment International. 2014;70:19–24.
  • da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhalation Toxicology [Internet]. 2018;0(0):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317
  • Evaluation TWB and I for HM and. The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action. The World Bank Group and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016;100.
  • İnandı T, Canciğer Eltaş M, Kerman B. Particulate Matter and Sulphur Dioxide Trends in Turkey, 2005-2015. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2018;38(3):209–17. Available from: http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-particulate-matter-and-sulphur-dioxide-trends-in-turkey-2005-2015-81455.html
  • Global ambient air pollution [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://maps.who.int/airpollution/

PM10 and SO2 Levels and Changes in Hatay, 2007-2017

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 39, 18 - 25, 19.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.519168

Abstract

Aim: Air quality is one of the most important determinants of health. Air pollution is a risk factor for many diseases, especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and nervous system diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate air quality in PM10 and SO2 in Hatay. Materials and Methods: The data of the study were obtained from the measurements of air quality monitoring stations in Antakya and Iskenderun between 2007 and 2017. Measured data at least 75% of the year were included. Data were collected from http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ and 24 hours averages are analyzed by the years and months. Results: The median PM10 value of all the years is 53 µg/m3 (min: 0-max: 995) and the average is 66.6 ± 53.4 10 µg / m3. Of the measurement days, the exceeded value was 54.3% in the general, 67.1% in Antakya and 24.7% in Iskenderun. The maximum exceeded percentage was seen 94,4% in 2017 and 72,4% in February. The median SO2 value of all data is 7 µg/m3 (min: 0-max: 316). Of daily SO2 measurements, 15.6% were exceeded limit. The percentage of exceeded limit in SO2 was 11.6% in Antakya and 22.3% in Iskenderun. The percentage of exceeded limit in SO2 by years and months was 26.4% in 2015 and 41.9% in December. Conclusion: Outdoor air in Antakya and Iskenderun is polluted. There is no significant improvement in the air quality by the years. In order to improve the air quality to the values of WHO, awareness and sensitivity enhancing efforts are required in all levels of the society, especially in the responsible sectors.

References

  • List of classifications, Volumes 1–123 – IARC [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications-volumes/
  • Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250141/9789241511353-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • WHO | 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. WHO [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jan 16]; Available from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/
  • Hartman RS, Wheeler D, Singh M. The cost of air pollution abatement. Applied Economics [Internet]. 1997 Jun [cited 2019 Jan 16];29(6):759–74. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/000368497326688
  • Temiz Hava Hakkı Platformu. Türkiye’de Hava Kirliliği:Kara Rapor. Vol. 90.
  • Li J, Sun S, Tang R, Qiu H, Huang Q, Mason TG, et al. Major air pollutants and risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 Jun 26];11:3079–91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003742
  • Jiang X-Q, Mei X-D, Feng D. Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of thoracic disease [Internet]. 2016 Jan [cited 2018 Jun 26];8(1):E31-40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26904251
  • COPD and Air Pollution | COPD.net [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: https://copd.net/basics/causes-risk-factors/who-is-at-risk/air-pollution/
  • Raza A, Dahlquist M, Lind T, Ljungman PLS. Susceptibility to short-term ozone exposure and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by previous hospitalizations. Environmental Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 13 [cited 2018 Jun 29];17(1):37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653570
  • Rabiei K, Hosseini S,M, Sadeghi E, Jafari-Koshki T, Rahimi M, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory disease: Rationale and methodology of CAPACITY study. ARYA Atherosclerosis [Internet]. 2017;13(6):264–73. Available from: http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L620744909%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.22122/arya.v13i6.1614
  • Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health [Internet]. 2017;1(9):e360–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30166-3
  • Lasley SM, Gilbert ME. Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neurotoxicology [Internet]. 2000 Dec [cited 2019 Jan 16];21(6):1057–68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11233752
  • Lasley SM, Green MC, Gilbert ME. Rat hippocampal NMDA receptor binding as a function of chronic lead exposure level. Neurotoxicology and teratology [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jun 29];23(2):185–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348836
  • Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Basagaña X, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Cirach M, Beelen R, et al. Air pollution and human fertility rates. Environment International. 2014;70:19–24.
  • da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhalation Toxicology [Internet]. 2018;0(0):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317
  • Evaluation TWB and I for HM and. The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action. The World Bank Group and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016;100.
  • İnandı T, Canciğer Eltaş M, Kerman B. Particulate Matter and Sulphur Dioxide Trends in Turkey, 2005-2015. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2018;38(3):209–17. Available from: http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-particulate-matter-and-sulphur-dioxide-trends-in-turkey-2005-2015-81455.html
  • Global ambient air pollution [Internet]. [cited 2019 Jan 16]. Available from: http://maps.who.int/airpollution/
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Nesrullah Azboy 0000-0001-7350-3918

Tacettin İnandı 0000-0002-6837-7432

Mehtap Canciğer Eltaş This is me 0000-0002-7353-819X

Publication Date May 19, 2020
Submission Date January 29, 2019
Acceptance Date December 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 39

Cite

Vancouver Azboy N, İnandı T, Eltaş MC. Hatay’da PM10 ve SO2 Düzeyi ve Değişimleri, 2007-2017. mkutfd. 2020;11(39):18-25.