Aerobik Egzersizin Obez Erkek Çocuklarda Tiroid Hormon Düzeylerine Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 40, 48 - 54, 30.08.2020

Nuray Satılmış Yahya Polat Behzat Çimen Leyla Cimen İhsan Çetin

https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.554638

Abstract

Amaç: Fiziksel egzersizlerin obezite üzerindeki yararlı etkileri iyi bilinse de, obez çocuklarda fiziksel egzersizlerin tiroid hormonuna bağlı vücut kompozisyonunu, bazal metabolik hızı ve termojenezi nasıl etkilediği açık değildir. Amacımız, obez erkek çocuklarda egzersiz programının 3-5-3’triiyodotironin (T3) ve 3-5-3’-5’tetraiodotironin (T4) üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız 10 obez erkek (13-15 yaş arası) ve kontrol grubu olarak 10 sağlıklı erkek çocuktan oluşuyordu. Egzersiz programından önce obez ve kontrol grubu erkek çocuklardan 10 ml kan örneği alındı; 12 hafta boyunca haftada 3 gün/hafta egzersizden sonra obez çocuklardan 10 ml kan örneği alındı. Her iki grubun kan örneklerinde lipit profilleri, kreatin kinaz (CK), kreatin kinaz-MB (CK-MB), T3 ve T4 düzeyleri ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, aerobik egzersizi öncesi obez çocuklarla (sırasıyla, 1.19±0.81; 7.37±0.47 and 165.3±2.49) kıyaslandığı zaman kontrol grubu ve aerobik egzersiz sonrası obez erkek çocukların anlamlı olarak daha yüksek T3 ve T4 düzeyleri (sırasıyla, 1.63±0.17; 9.80±0.93 and 1.70±0.10; 10.1±0.54) ve anlamlı derecede daha düşük CK düzeylerine (sırasıyla, 142.7±4.11 and 151.8±3.70) sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca, aerobik egzersizin obez erkeklerde trigliserit ve kolesterol seviyelerini anlamlı derecede azalttığı bulundu (sırasıyla, 104.0±3.77 and 193.7±2.90).
Sonuç: Bu bulgular dikkate alındığında, aerobik egzersizlerin, obez erkek çocuklarda bazal metabolik hız ve termojenezde azalma ile birlikte kilo artışına neden olabilecek azalmış tiroid hormon düzeylerinin iyileştirilmesinde yardımcı olabileceği öne sürülebilir.

Keywords

Obezite, Çocuklar, Aerobik egzersiz, Triiyodotironin, Kreatin Kinaz

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Obese Boys

Abstract

Aim: Although beneficial effects of physical exercises on adulthood obesity are well known, it is unclear how physical exercises affect thyroid hormone related body composition, basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis in obese children. Our objective is to examine the effects of physical exercise program on 3-5-3’triiodothyronine (T3) and 3-5-3’-5’tetraiodothyronine (T4) in obese boys.
Materials and Method: Our study consisted of 10 obese boys (aged from 13 to 15) and a control group of 10 healthy boys age and gender matched. Before exercise program, 10 ml blood samples were taken from the obese and control group boys; and 10 ml blood samples were taken from the obese boys after program exercise 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The lipid profiles, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB, T3 and T4 levels in blood samples were measured for both groups.
Results: In present study, it was found that control group and obese boys after aerobic exercise had significantly higher T3 and T4 levels (1.63±0.17; 9.80±0.93 and 1.70±0.10; 10.1±0.54, respectively) and significantly lower CK levels (142.7±4.11 and 151.8±3.70, respectively) than those of obese boys before aerobic exercise (1.19±0.81; 7.37±0.47 and 165.3±2.49, respectively). Furthermore, it was found that aerobic exercise significantly decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in obese boys (104.0±3.77 and 193.7±2.90, respectively).
Conclusion: When these findings are taken into account, it may be suggested that aerobic exercises can help with the improvement of decreased thyroid hormone levels which may be cause a weight increase together with a decrease in basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis in obese boys. 

Keywords

Obesity, Children, Aerobic Exercise, Triiodothyronine, Creatine Kinase

References

• Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, Danaei G, Lin JK, Paciorek CJ, et al. Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index). National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557-67.
• de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010;92 (5):1257–64.
• Moraes SA, Beltrán Rosas J, Mondini L, Freitas IC. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associated factors in school children from urban area in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, Cad Saude Publica. 2004; 22(6):1289–301.
• de Assis MA, Rolland-Cachera MF, Grosseman S, de Vasconcelos FA, Luna ME, Calvo MC, et al. Obesity, overweight and thinness in school children of the city of Florianopolis, Southern Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005; 59(9):1015–21.
• Pituelli Suárez N, Corbera Prin M, Lioi Luciani S, Turco Pilottó M, D'Arrigo Dri M, Rosillo Politti I. [Prevalence of risk factors: obesity and lipid profile]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2008; 68(3):257–63.
• Popkin BM. The nutrition transition and obesity in the developing world. J Nutr. 2001;131(3):871–3.
• Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(1):48-70.
• Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Rasheedi AA. Adiposity and physical activity levels among preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2007; 28(5):766–73.
• Mozaffari H, Nabaei B. Obesity and related risk factors. Indian J Pediatr. 2007;74(3):265–7.
• Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Effects of exercise in the treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review of meta-analyses. J Obes. 2013;783103.
• Ciloglu F, Peker I, Pehlivan A, Karacabey K, Ilhan N, Saygin O, et al. Exercise intensity and its effects on thyroid hormones, Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2005;26(6):830-4.
• Zarzeczny R, Pilis W, Langfort J, Kaciuba-Uscilko H, Nazar K. Influence of thyroid hormones on exercise tolerance and lactate threshold in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 1996; 47(3):503–13.
• Gullu S, Altuntas F, Dincer I, Erol C, Kamel N. Effects of TSH-suppressive therapy on cardiac morphology and function: beneficial effects of the addition of beta-blockade on diastolic dysfunction. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004; 150(5):655–61.
• Silva JE. Thermogenic mechanism and their hormonal regulation. Physiol Rev. 2006;86(2):435–64.
• Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J, Murphy E, Leibel RL. Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion and thyroid function. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6):1421–32.
• Rotondi M, Leporati P, La Manna A, Pirali B, Mondello T, Fonte R, et al. Raised serum TSH levels with morbid obesity: is it enough to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism? Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(3):403–8.
• Guinhouya BC, Hubert H. Insight into physical activity in combating the infantile metabolic syndrome. Environ Health Prev Med. 2011;16(3):144-7.
• Kim Y, Park H. Does regular exercise without weight loss reduce insulin resistance in children and adolescents? Int J Endocrinol. 2013; 2013:402592.
• Ciloglu F, Peker I, Pehlivan A, Karacabey K, Ilhan N, Saygin O, et al. Exercise intensity and its effects on thyroid hormones. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005; 26:830-4.
• Julious SA. Sample sizes for clinical trials with normal data. Stat Med. 2004;23(12):1921-86.
• Lahti-Koski M, Gill T. Defining childhood obesity. In: Kiess W, Marcus C, Wabitsch M, (eds.) Obesity in childhood and adolescence. Basel: Karger. 2004; 9: 1-19.
• Zorba E, Saygın Ö. Physical Activity and Compliance. Inceler Offset, Ankara 2009.
• Özer K. Physical Fitness, 2nd Edition, Nobel Offset, Ankara, 2006.
• Escalante Y, Saavedra JM, García-Hermoso A, Domínguez AM. Improvement of the lipid profile with exercise in obese children: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2012;54(5):293–301.
• Brambilla P, Pozzobon G, Pietrobelli A. Physical activity as the main therapeutic tool for metabolic syndrome in childhood. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011; 35(1):16-28.
• Ardoy DN, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ, et al. Effects on adolescents’ lipid profile of a fitness-enhancing intervention in the school setting: the EDUFIT study. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(1):119-26.
• Fahri A. Changes in serum lipid profile following moderate exercise. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 4: 829-33.
• Reinehr T. Obesity and thyroid function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010; 316:165-71.
• Kiortsis DN, Durack I, Turpin G. Effects of a low-calorie diet on resting metabolic rate and serum triiodothyronine levels in obese children. Eur J Pediatr. 1999; 158:446–50.
• Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB, Bülow I, Perrild H, Ovesen L, et al. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90:4019–24.
• Reinehr T, Sousa G, de Andler W. Hyperthyrotropinemia in obese children is reversible after weight loss and is not related to lipids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91:3088–91.
• Marras V, Casini MR, Pilia S, Carta D, Civolani P, Porcu M, et al. Thyroid function in obese children and adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010; 73:193–7.
• Duntas L, Hauner H, Rosenthal J, Pfeiffer EF. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity and thyroid function in obesity. Int J Obes. 1991; 15:83–7.
• Naslund E, Andersson I, Degerblad M, et al. Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. J Intern Med. 2000; 248:299–308.
• Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Zappaterreno A, Iannucci CV, Leonetti F. Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005; 62:487–91.
• Hekimsoy Z, Oktem IK. Serum creatine kinase levels in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocr Res. 2005; 31:171–5.
• Borrayo-Sanchez G, Sosa-Jarero F, Borja-Teran B, Isordia-Salas I, Arguero-Sanchez R. Qualitative determination of markers for myocardiac necrosis during pre-hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome. Cir Cir. 2006; 74:231-5.
• Kumar NT, Liestøl K, Løberg EM, Reims HM, Mæhlen J. Postmortem heart weight: relation to body size and effects of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2014; 23:5-11.
• Kielblock AJ, Manjoo M, Booyens J, Katzeff IE. phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels after ultra long distance running. S Mr Med J. 1979; 55:1061-6.
• Klein MS. Weiss AN, Roberts R, Coleman R. Technetium-99in stannous pyrophosphate scintigrams in normal subjects, patients with exercise induced ischemia and patients with calcified valves. Am J Cardiol. 1977; 39:360-7.
• Newham DJ, Jones DA, Edwards RH. Large delayed plasma creatine kinase changes after stepping exercise. Muscle Nerve. 1983; 6:380–5.
• Manfredi TG, Fielding RA, O'Reilly KP, Meredith CN, Lee HY, Evans WJ. Plasma creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991; 23:1028–34.
• Rogers MA, Stull GA, Apple FS. Creatine kinase isoenzyme activities in men and women following a marathon race. Med Sci Sports Exerc.1985; 17:679-82.
• McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.
• Scott KR, Simmons Z, Boyer PJ. Hypothyroid myopathy with a strikingly elevated serum creatine kinase level. Muscle Nerve. 2002; 26:141–4.
• Madariaga MG. Polymyositis-like syndrome in hypothyroidism: review of cases reported over the past twenty-five years. Thyroid. 2002;12: 331–6.