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Evaluation of Frequency of Malignancy in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy Due to Fecal Occult Blood Positivity

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 41, 109 - 112, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.790954

Abstract

Introduction and purpose: Identifying colorectal cancers at an early stage is the most important part in improving prognosis. The way to this is through effective screening programs. Fecal occult blood (GGK) test is one of the screening methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the colonoscopic findings, to determine the frequency of polyp, histopathological types and the frequency of colorectal malignancy in patients who underwent colonoscopy due to the positivity of GGK test in our endoscopy unit.
Material and Method: Between December 2018 and July 2019, GGK was positive and we included our patients who underwent colonoscopy due to etiology research. Colonoscopy was performed in a way to evaluate terminal ileum after appropriate preparation. Patients' age, gender, anamnesis information, colonoscopy and pathology results were searched retrospectively by searching the file information.
Results: During this period, 70 patients underwent colonoscopy because of the positive GGK. 36 (51%) of the patients were male and 34 (49%) were female. The average age of men was 50.1 ± 14.8 and the average age of women was 54.6 ± 13.9. Adenomatous polyp was found in 13 (19%) of them, adenocarcinoma in 4 (5.7%) and malignant melanoma in one (1.4%). The mean age of 7 male and 6 female patients with polyp was 61.5 ± 9. 76% of the polyps were in the left colon and 80% of the malignancies were in the rectosigmoid colon. There was no pathology to explain the positivity of GGK in 74% of the cases. All of the polyps were successfully removed by colonoscopic methods.
Discussion and Conclusion: The detection of colorectal malignancy in 7% and adenomatous polyp in 19% of the patients who underwent colonoscopy due to GGK positivity shows the importance of GGK test positivity. Thanks to screening programs, it is seen that colorectal cancers and precancerous lesions can be diagnosed early and survival rates may increase.

References

  • Maida M, Macaluso FS, Ianiro G, et al. Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017;17:1131- 46.
  • Kanser-istatistikleri docx doc. Erişim www.saglik.gov.tr.
  • Kolorektal Kanser Taramaları http://kanser.gov.tr/ Dosya/tarama/kolorektal kanser tarama programi.pdf.
  • Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database: NAACCR Incidence – CiNA Analytic File, 1995-2010, for Expanded Races, Custom File With County, ACS Facts and Figures projection Project, North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, 2013. http://uacc.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/acs 2012.
  • Bretthauer M. Evidence for colorectal cancer screening. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2010;24(4):417-25. PMID: 20833346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2010.06.005.
  • Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1179-87.
  • Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 2007; 50: 113– 30.
  • Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Stegmaier C, Brenner G, Altenhofen L, Haug U. Risk of progression of advanced adenomas to colorectal cancer by age and sex: estimates based on 840,149 screening colonoscopies. Gut 2007; 56: 1585– 9.
  • Muto T, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1975;36: 2251– 70.
  • Doubeni CA, Weinmann S, Adams K, et al. Screening colonoscopy and risk for incident late‐stage colorectal cancer diagnosis in average‐risk adults: a nested case‐control study. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158( 5 Pt 1): 312– 20.
  • Brenner H, Chang‐Claude J, Jansen L, Knebel P, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Reduced risk of colorectal cancer up to 10 years after screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 709– 17.
  • Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, et al. Long‐term colorectal‐cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1095– 105.
  • Yang H, Ge Z, Dai J, et al. Effectiveness of the immunofecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening in a large population. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:203-7.
  • Bjerrum A, Andersen O, Fischer A, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after negative colonoscopy in a Danish gFOBT screening cohort. Int J Cancer 2017;141:503-11.
  • Paimela H, Malila N, Palva T, Hakulinen T, Vertio H, Jarvinen H. Early detection of colorectal cancer with faecal occult blood test screening. Br J Surg 2010;97:1567-71.
  • Quyn AJ, Fraser CG, Stanners G, Carey FA, Rees CJ, Moores B, et al. Scottish Bowel Screening Programme colonoscopy quality - scope for improvement? Colorectal Dis. 2018 Sep;20(9):O277-O283. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.14281.
  • Özlem Gül UTKU, Bilal ERGÜL, Dilek OĞUZ. Gaitada gizli kan testi pozitifliği nedeni ile kolonoskopi yapılan hastaların kolonoskopik ve patolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi 2018; 17 (1) : 17-20.
  • Mayir B, Ensari CÖ, Durhan A, Çöpelci Y. Kolorektal kanser tarama amaçlı yapılan gaytada gizli kan testi pozitif saptanan hastalarda kolonoskopi bulguları. Turk J Colorectal Dis. 2018;28:27-30.
  • Yasin Kara, İnanç Şamil Sarıcı, Mustafa Uygar Kalaycı. Bölgemizde Yürütülen Kolon Kanser Tarama Programının Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. İKSSTD 2019;11(1):31-36 https://doi.org/10.5222/iksstd.2019.52523.
  • Stryker SJ, Wolff BG, Culp CE, Libbe SD, Ilstrup DM, MacCarty RL. Natural history of untreated colonic polyps. Gastroenterology. 1987;93(5): 1009-1013 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(87)90563-4.
  • Winawer SJ, Zauber AG. The advanced adenoma as the primary target of screening. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2002;12: 1-9, v. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/11916153 PMID:11916153
  • F. G. J. Kallenberg, J. L. A. Vleugels, T. R. de Wijkerslooth, et al. Adding family history to faecal immunochemical testing increases the detection of advanced neoplasia in a colorectal cancer screening programme. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2016;44:88–96.
  • Anath A Flugelman, Nili Stein, Ori Segol, Idit Lavi and Lital Keinan-Boker. Delayed Colonoscopy Following a Positive Fecal Test Result and Cancer Mortality. JNCI Cancer Spectrum (2019) 3(2): pkz024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkz024.

Gaitada Gizli Kan Pozitifliği Nedeniyle Kolonoskopi Yapılanlarda Kolorektal Malignite Sıklığı

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 41, 109 - 112, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.790954

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolorektal kanserlerin erken evrede belirlenmesi, prognozun iyileştirilmesindeki en önemli kısımdır. Bunun yolu etkili tarama programlarından geçmektedir. Gaitada gizli kan (GGK) testi tarama yöntemlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada endoskopi ünitemizde GGK testi pozitifliği nedeniyle kolonoskopi yapılan hastalarda kolonoskopik bulguları değerlendirmeyi, polip sıklığını, histopatolojik tiplerini ve kolorektal malignite sıklığını saptamayı amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metod: 2018 Aralık ve 2019 Temmuz ayları arasında GGK pozitif olup etyoloji araştırılması nedeniyle kolonoskopi yapılan hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Kolonoskopi uygun hazırlık sonrası terminal ileum da değerlendirilecek şekilde uygulanmıştı. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, anamnez bilgileri, kolonoskopi ve patoloji sonuçlarına dosya bilgileri araştırılarak geriye dönük olarak ulaşıldı.
Bulgular: Bu sürede GGK pozitifliği nedeniyle 70 hastaya kolonoskopi yapılmıştı. Hastaların 36 (%51)’sı erkek, 34 (% 49)’ü kadındı. Erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 50,1±14,8, kadınların yaş ortalaması 54,6 ± 13,9 idi. Olguların 13 (%19)’ünde adenomatöz polip, 4 (%5,7)’ünde adenokarsinom ve birinde (%1,4) malign melanom tespit edildi. Polip tespit edilen 7 erkek ve 6 kadın hastanın yaş ortalamaları 61,5±9 idi. Poliplerin %76’sı sol kolonda, malignitelerin %80’i rektosigmoid kolonda idi. Olguların %74’ünde GGK pozitifliğini açıklayacak bir patoloji saptanmamıştı. Poliplerin tamamı kolonoskopik yöntemlerle başarıyla çıkarılmıştı.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: GGK pozitifliği nedeniyle kolonoskopi yapılan olguların %7’sinde kolorektal malignite ve %19’unda adenomatöz polip saptanması GGK testi pozitifliğinin önemini göstermektedir. Tarama programları sayesinde kolorektal kanserler ve prekanseröz lezyonların erken teşhis edilip, sağ kalım oranlarının artabileceği görülmektedir.

References

  • Maida M, Macaluso FS, Ianiro G, et al. Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017;17:1131- 46.
  • Kanser-istatistikleri docx doc. Erişim www.saglik.gov.tr.
  • Kolorektal Kanser Taramaları http://kanser.gov.tr/ Dosya/tarama/kolorektal kanser tarama programi.pdf.
  • Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database: NAACCR Incidence – CiNA Analytic File, 1995-2010, for Expanded Races, Custom File With County, ACS Facts and Figures projection Project, North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, 2013. http://uacc.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/acs 2012.
  • Bretthauer M. Evidence for colorectal cancer screening. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2010;24(4):417-25. PMID: 20833346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2010.06.005.
  • Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1179-87.
  • Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 2007; 50: 113– 30.
  • Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Stegmaier C, Brenner G, Altenhofen L, Haug U. Risk of progression of advanced adenomas to colorectal cancer by age and sex: estimates based on 840,149 screening colonoscopies. Gut 2007; 56: 1585– 9.
  • Muto T, Bussey HJ, Morson BC. The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1975;36: 2251– 70.
  • Doubeni CA, Weinmann S, Adams K, et al. Screening colonoscopy and risk for incident late‐stage colorectal cancer diagnosis in average‐risk adults: a nested case‐control study. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158( 5 Pt 1): 312– 20.
  • Brenner H, Chang‐Claude J, Jansen L, Knebel P, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Reduced risk of colorectal cancer up to 10 years after screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 709– 17.
  • Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, et al. Long‐term colorectal‐cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1095– 105.
  • Yang H, Ge Z, Dai J, et al. Effectiveness of the immunofecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening in a large population. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:203-7.
  • Bjerrum A, Andersen O, Fischer A, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after negative colonoscopy in a Danish gFOBT screening cohort. Int J Cancer 2017;141:503-11.
  • Paimela H, Malila N, Palva T, Hakulinen T, Vertio H, Jarvinen H. Early detection of colorectal cancer with faecal occult blood test screening. Br J Surg 2010;97:1567-71.
  • Quyn AJ, Fraser CG, Stanners G, Carey FA, Rees CJ, Moores B, et al. Scottish Bowel Screening Programme colonoscopy quality - scope for improvement? Colorectal Dis. 2018 Sep;20(9):O277-O283. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.14281.
  • Özlem Gül UTKU, Bilal ERGÜL, Dilek OĞUZ. Gaitada gizli kan testi pozitifliği nedeni ile kolonoskopi yapılan hastaların kolonoskopik ve patolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi 2018; 17 (1) : 17-20.
  • Mayir B, Ensari CÖ, Durhan A, Çöpelci Y. Kolorektal kanser tarama amaçlı yapılan gaytada gizli kan testi pozitif saptanan hastalarda kolonoskopi bulguları. Turk J Colorectal Dis. 2018;28:27-30.
  • Yasin Kara, İnanç Şamil Sarıcı, Mustafa Uygar Kalaycı. Bölgemizde Yürütülen Kolon Kanser Tarama Programının Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. İKSSTD 2019;11(1):31-36 https://doi.org/10.5222/iksstd.2019.52523.
  • Stryker SJ, Wolff BG, Culp CE, Libbe SD, Ilstrup DM, MacCarty RL. Natural history of untreated colonic polyps. Gastroenterology. 1987;93(5): 1009-1013 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(87)90563-4.
  • Winawer SJ, Zauber AG. The advanced adenoma as the primary target of screening. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2002;12: 1-9, v. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/11916153 PMID:11916153
  • F. G. J. Kallenberg, J. L. A. Vleugels, T. R. de Wijkerslooth, et al. Adding family history to faecal immunochemical testing increases the detection of advanced neoplasia in a colorectal cancer screening programme. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2016;44:88–96.
  • Anath A Flugelman, Nili Stein, Ori Segol, Idit Lavi and Lital Keinan-Boker. Delayed Colonoscopy Following a Positive Fecal Test Result and Cancer Mortality. JNCI Cancer Spectrum (2019) 3(2): pkz024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkz024.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Mustafa Zanyar Akkuzu 0000-0002-9908-6881

Orhan Sezgin 0000-0002-6704-4716

Enver Üçbilek 0000-0002-2935-5580

Osman Özdoğan 0000-0002-8299-5341

Ferzan Aydın 0000-0003-0464-2003

Hatice Rızaoğlu Balcı 0000-0002-5366-4535

Serkan Yaraş 0000-0003-1404-7515

Fehmi Ates 0000-0003-2527-414X

Engin Altintas 0000-0003-0796-1456

Publication Date December 1, 2020
Submission Date September 5, 2020
Acceptance Date October 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 41

Cite

Vancouver Akkuzu MZ, Sezgin O, Üçbilek E, Özdoğan O, Aydın F, Rızaoğlu Balcı H, Yaraş S, Ates F, Altintas E. Gaitada Gizli Kan Pozitifliği Nedeniyle Kolonoskopi Yapılanlarda Kolorektal Malignite Sıklığı. mkutfd. 2020;11(41):109-12.