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Av Tutkusu: Avlanma, Ekofeminizm ve Erkeklikler

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1 - Masculinities - 1, 205 - 226, 17.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2021.1.205226

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı erkekliklerin avcılık etrafında nasıl kurgulandığını ve erkeklik anlatılarının doğayla kurulan ilişkiyi nasıl etkilediğini ele almaktadır. Hegemonik erkekliğin barındırdığı ideal erkek tanımları doğa açısından olumlu sonuçlar doğurmamıştır. Erkekliğin hem doğayı hem de kadınları tahakküm altına aldığını savunan ekofeminist kuramlar bu baskıcı yapının altındaki bağlantıları ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmışlardır. Doğa ile kurduğu şiddete dayalı ilişki nedeniyle avlanma bu bağlantıların görünür olduğu bir pratiktir. Avcılar tarafından söylemsel olarak inşa edilen erkeklik temaları ile avcı-erkeklerin, doğa-kadın-hayvanlar ile kurdukları ilişkiler tartışmak amacıyla Av Tutkusu dergisinin son 24 sayısı incelenmiştir. Avcılar güçlü, dayanıklı, cesur olma gibi tipik erkek davranışları sergilemekte, avlanmanın meşruiyetini bilimsel ve milliyetçi söylemlerle sağlamaya çalışmakta ve avladıkları hayvanlar ile kadınlar arasında kavramsal bağlar kurmaktadır. Doğa-dostu avcı imgesiyle hegemonik erkekliğin doğayla kurduğu dışlayıcı ilişki dönüştürülmüş gözükse de yakın bir okuma doğa-dostu avcının aslında hegemonik erkekliğin repertuarındaki normları çıkarına uygun biçimde kullanarak erkek ile doğa-kadın-hayvanlar arasındaki iktidar ilişkisini yeniden ürettiği görülmüştür.

References

  • Adams, C. J. (1991). Ecofeminism and the Eating of Animals. Hypatia, 6(1), 125-145.
  • Adams, C. J. (2013). Etin Cinsel Politikası: Feminist Vejetaryen Eleştirel Kuram (Çev. G. Tezcan ve M.E. Boyacıoğlu). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Adams, C. J. (2020). The Pornography of Meat (2nd edition; New and Updated Edition.). New York; London; Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Adams, C. J. (2021). Ne Adam Ne Hayvan: Feminizm ve Hayvanların Savunulması (Çev. Sevda Deniz Karali). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Adams, C. J. ve Gruen, L. (Ed.). (2014). Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with Other Animals and the Earth. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Anderson, W. (1990). Green Man: The Archetype of Our Oneness with the Earth. London: Harpercollins.
  • Bly, R. (1990). Iron John: A Book About Men. Addison-Wesley.
  • Carrigan, T., Connell, B. ve Lee, J. (1987). Toward a new sociology of masculinity. The Making of Masculinities: The New Men’s Studies içinde (s. 54).
  • Cartmill, M. (1996). A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and Nature Through History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
  • Connell, R.W. (2017). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve İktidar (3. Baskı) (Çev. Cem Soydemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Connell, R. W. ve Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859.
  • Collard, A. (1989). Rape of the Wild: Man’s Violence against Animals and the Earth. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Ekman, P. (2000). Emotions Revealed. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson
  • Deger, İ. Z. (2019). Dede Korkut Hi̇kayeleri̇nde Erkek Olmanin Eşi̇ği̇nde Av. TÜRÜK Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(17), 267-279.
  • Dixon, B. A. (1996). The Feminist Connection between Women and Animals. Environmental Ethics, 18, 181-197.
  • Donovan, J. (1990). Animal Rights and Feminist Theory. Signs, 15(2), 350-375.
  • Gaard, G. (2017). Critical Ecofeminism. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Goatly, A. (2006). Humans, Animals, and Metaphors. Society and Animals, 14(1), 15-37.
  • Gruen, L. (1994). Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection Between Women and Animals. A. M. Jaggar (Ed.), Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics içinde . Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575-599.
  • Hearn, J. (1996). Is Masculinity Dead? A Critique of the Concept of Masculinity/ Masculinities. M. Mac an Ghaill (Ed.), Understanding Masculinities: Social Relations and Cultural Arenas içinde (ss. 202-217). Buckingham ; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Hearn, J. (1998). The Violences of Men: How Men Talk About and How Agencies Respond to Men’s Violence to Women. London: SAGE.
  • Hultman, M. (2017). Exploring Industrial, Ecomodern, and Ecological Masculinities. S. MacGregor (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Gender and Environment içinde, (ss. 239-252). London ; New York: Routledge.
  • Kalof, L., Fitzgerald, A. ve Baralt, L. (2004). Animals, Women, and Weapons: Blurred Sexual Boundaries in the Discourse of Sport Hunting. Society & Animals, 12(3), 237-251.
  • Kemmerer, L. (Ed.). (2011). Sister Species: Women, Animals and Social Justice. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press.
  • Kheel, M. (1996). The Killing Game: An Ecofeminist Critique of Hunting. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, XXIII, 30-44.
  • Kheel, M. (2008). Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2011). The Gendered Society (Fourth edition.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lahav-Raz, Y. (2020). “Hunting on the Streets”: Masculine Repertoires Among Israeli Clients of Street-Based Sex Work. Sexuality & Culture, 24(1), 230-247.
  • Luke, B. (1998). Violent Love: Hunting, Heterosexuality, and the Erotics of Men’s Predation. Feminist Studies, 24(3), 627.
  • Nibert, D. (2002). Animal Rights/Human Rights: Entanglements of Oppression and Liberation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Nibert, D. (2013). Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Mallory, C. (2001). Acts of Objectification and the Repudiation of Dominance: Leopold, Ecofeminism, and the Ecological Narrative. Ethics and the Environment, 6(2), 59-89.
  • MacKinnon, K. (2003). Representing men: Maleness and masculinity in the media. London : New York: Arnold: Oxford University Press.
  • Merchant, C. (1980). The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Mohai, P. (1992). Men, Women, and the Environment: An Examination of the Gender Gap in Environmental Concern and Activism. Society & Natural Resources, 5(1), 1-19.
  • Moriarty, P. V. ve Woods, M. (1997). Hunting ≠ Predation. Environmental Ethics, 19(4), 391-404.
  • Nurse, A. (2013). Animal Harm: Perspectives on Why People Harm and Kill Animals. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  • Nurse, A. (2020). Masculinities and Animal Harm. Men and Masculinities, 23(5), 908-926.
  • Pease, B. (2019). Recreating Men’s Relationship with Nature: Toward a Profeminist Environmentalism. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 113-123.
  • Pulé, P. M. (2013). A Declaration of Caring: Towards Ecological Masculinism. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Murdoch University, Murdoch.
  • Plumwood, V. (2004). Feminizm ve Doğaya Hükmetmek. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Regan, T. (2004). The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ramos-Gay, I. ve Alonso-Recarte, C. (2020). Zoomasculinities: At the Intersection Between Animals, Animality, and Masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 23(5), 807-813.
  • Rossmo, D. K. (1997). Geographic Profiling. In J. L. Jackson & D. A. Bekerian (Eds.), Offender profiling: Theory, Research and Practice (pp. 159-175). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Ruspini, E., Hearn, J., Pease, B. ve Pringle, K. (Ed.). (2011). Men and Masculinities Around the World: Transforming Men’s Practices. Global masculinities. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sabo, D. (2005). “The Study of Masculinities and Men’s Health: An Overview” In M. Kimmel, J. Hearn, R.W. Connell (Eds.), Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinities (pp. 326-352.) Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.
  • Sakarya, N. Ve Gümüş, Y. (2015). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ile Örülen Heybemizden Çıkan Erkeklik ve Kadınlıklar: Dede Korkut Hikayeleri’nin Vegan Feminist Okuması. ODTÜ THBT Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve halk Kültürü Sempozyumu Bildirileri,Ankara, 20-22 Mart 2015, ss. 110-122.
  • Sancar, S. (2008). Erkeklik: İmkânsız İktidar: Ailede, Piyasada ve Sokakta Erkekler. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Shiva, V. ve Mies, M. (2018). Ekofeminizm. İstanbul: Sinek Sekiz Yayınevi.
  • Sollund, R. (2019). The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking: Issues of Justice, Legality and Morality. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
  • Sollund, R. (2020). Wildlife Crime: A Crime of Hegemonic Masculinity? Social Sciences, 9(6), 93.
  • Twine, R. (1997). Masculinity, Nature, Ecofemisim. Ecofeminism Organization Journal. http://richardtwine.com/ecofem/masc.pdf
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and Power. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Warren, K. (Ed.). (1997). Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Warren, K. J. (2015). Feminist Environmental Philosophy. E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy içinde (Summer 2015.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/feminism-environmental/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Wodak, R. ve Meyer, M. (Ed.). (2001). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Introducing Qualitative Methods. London ; Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1 - Masculinities - 1, 205 - 226, 17.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2021.1.205226

Abstract

References

  • Adams, C. J. (1991). Ecofeminism and the Eating of Animals. Hypatia, 6(1), 125-145.
  • Adams, C. J. (2013). Etin Cinsel Politikası: Feminist Vejetaryen Eleştirel Kuram (Çev. G. Tezcan ve M.E. Boyacıoğlu). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Adams, C. J. (2020). The Pornography of Meat (2nd edition; New and Updated Edition.). New York; London; Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Adams, C. J. (2021). Ne Adam Ne Hayvan: Feminizm ve Hayvanların Savunulması (Çev. Sevda Deniz Karali). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Adams, C. J. ve Gruen, L. (Ed.). (2014). Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with Other Animals and the Earth. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Anderson, W. (1990). Green Man: The Archetype of Our Oneness with the Earth. London: Harpercollins.
  • Bly, R. (1990). Iron John: A Book About Men. Addison-Wesley.
  • Carrigan, T., Connell, B. ve Lee, J. (1987). Toward a new sociology of masculinity. The Making of Masculinities: The New Men’s Studies içinde (s. 54).
  • Cartmill, M. (1996). A View to a Death in the Morning: Hunting and Nature Through History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
  • Connell, R.W. (2017). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve İktidar (3. Baskı) (Çev. Cem Soydemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Connell, R. W. ve Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859.
  • Collard, A. (1989). Rape of the Wild: Man’s Violence against Animals and the Earth. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Ekman, P. (2000). Emotions Revealed. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson
  • Deger, İ. Z. (2019). Dede Korkut Hi̇kayeleri̇nde Erkek Olmanin Eşi̇ği̇nde Av. TÜRÜK Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(17), 267-279.
  • Dixon, B. A. (1996). The Feminist Connection between Women and Animals. Environmental Ethics, 18, 181-197.
  • Donovan, J. (1990). Animal Rights and Feminist Theory. Signs, 15(2), 350-375.
  • Gaard, G. (2017). Critical Ecofeminism. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Goatly, A. (2006). Humans, Animals, and Metaphors. Society and Animals, 14(1), 15-37.
  • Gruen, L. (1994). Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection Between Women and Animals. A. M. Jaggar (Ed.), Living with Contradictions: Controversies in Feminist Social Ethics içinde . Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575-599.
  • Hearn, J. (1996). Is Masculinity Dead? A Critique of the Concept of Masculinity/ Masculinities. M. Mac an Ghaill (Ed.), Understanding Masculinities: Social Relations and Cultural Arenas içinde (ss. 202-217). Buckingham ; Philadelphia: Open University Press.
  • Hearn, J. (1998). The Violences of Men: How Men Talk About and How Agencies Respond to Men’s Violence to Women. London: SAGE.
  • Hultman, M. (2017). Exploring Industrial, Ecomodern, and Ecological Masculinities. S. MacGregor (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Gender and Environment içinde, (ss. 239-252). London ; New York: Routledge.
  • Kalof, L., Fitzgerald, A. ve Baralt, L. (2004). Animals, Women, and Weapons: Blurred Sexual Boundaries in the Discourse of Sport Hunting. Society & Animals, 12(3), 237-251.
  • Kemmerer, L. (Ed.). (2011). Sister Species: Women, Animals and Social Justice. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press.
  • Kheel, M. (1996). The Killing Game: An Ecofeminist Critique of Hunting. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, XXIII, 30-44.
  • Kheel, M. (2008). Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Kimmel, M. S. (2011). The Gendered Society (Fourth edition.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lahav-Raz, Y. (2020). “Hunting on the Streets”: Masculine Repertoires Among Israeli Clients of Street-Based Sex Work. Sexuality & Culture, 24(1), 230-247.
  • Luke, B. (1998). Violent Love: Hunting, Heterosexuality, and the Erotics of Men’s Predation. Feminist Studies, 24(3), 627.
  • Nibert, D. (2002). Animal Rights/Human Rights: Entanglements of Oppression and Liberation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Nibert, D. (2013). Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Mallory, C. (2001). Acts of Objectification and the Repudiation of Dominance: Leopold, Ecofeminism, and the Ecological Narrative. Ethics and the Environment, 6(2), 59-89.
  • MacKinnon, K. (2003). Representing men: Maleness and masculinity in the media. London : New York: Arnold: Oxford University Press.
  • Merchant, C. (1980). The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Mohai, P. (1992). Men, Women, and the Environment: An Examination of the Gender Gap in Environmental Concern and Activism. Society & Natural Resources, 5(1), 1-19.
  • Moriarty, P. V. ve Woods, M. (1997). Hunting ≠ Predation. Environmental Ethics, 19(4), 391-404.
  • Nurse, A. (2013). Animal Harm: Perspectives on Why People Harm and Kill Animals. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  • Nurse, A. (2020). Masculinities and Animal Harm. Men and Masculinities, 23(5), 908-926.
  • Pease, B. (2019). Recreating Men’s Relationship with Nature: Toward a Profeminist Environmentalism. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 113-123.
  • Pulé, P. M. (2013). A Declaration of Caring: Towards Ecological Masculinism. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Murdoch University, Murdoch.
  • Plumwood, V. (2004). Feminizm ve Doğaya Hükmetmek. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Regan, T. (2004). The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ramos-Gay, I. ve Alonso-Recarte, C. (2020). Zoomasculinities: At the Intersection Between Animals, Animality, and Masculinity. Men and Masculinities, 23(5), 807-813.
  • Rossmo, D. K. (1997). Geographic Profiling. In J. L. Jackson & D. A. Bekerian (Eds.), Offender profiling: Theory, Research and Practice (pp. 159-175). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Ruspini, E., Hearn, J., Pease, B. ve Pringle, K. (Ed.). (2011). Men and Masculinities Around the World: Transforming Men’s Practices. Global masculinities. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sabo, D. (2005). “The Study of Masculinities and Men’s Health: An Overview” In M. Kimmel, J. Hearn, R.W. Connell (Eds.), Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinities (pp. 326-352.) Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.
  • Sakarya, N. Ve Gümüş, Y. (2015). Toplumsal Cinsiyet ile Örülen Heybemizden Çıkan Erkeklik ve Kadınlıklar: Dede Korkut Hikayeleri’nin Vegan Feminist Okuması. ODTÜ THBT Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve halk Kültürü Sempozyumu Bildirileri,Ankara, 20-22 Mart 2015, ss. 110-122.
  • Sancar, S. (2008). Erkeklik: İmkânsız İktidar: Ailede, Piyasada ve Sokakta Erkekler. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Shiva, V. ve Mies, M. (2018). Ekofeminizm. İstanbul: Sinek Sekiz Yayınevi.
  • Sollund, R. (2019). The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking: Issues of Justice, Legality and Morality. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
  • Sollund, R. (2020). Wildlife Crime: A Crime of Hegemonic Masculinity? Social Sciences, 9(6), 93.
  • Twine, R. (1997). Masculinity, Nature, Ecofemisim. Ecofeminism Organization Journal. http://richardtwine.com/ecofem/masc.pdf
  • van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Discourse and Power. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Warren, K. (Ed.). (1997). Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Warren, K. J. (2015). Feminist Environmental Philosophy. E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy içinde (Summer 2015.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2015/entries/feminism-environmental/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Wodak, R. ve Meyer, M. (Ed.). (2001). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Introducing Qualitative Methods. London ; Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles (Thematic)
Authors

Sezen Ergin Zengin 0000-0001-5927-5357

Publication Date June 17, 2021
Submission Date February 28, 2021
Acceptance Date June 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 - Masculinities - 1

Cite

APA Ergin Zengin, S. (2021). Av Tutkusu: Avlanma, Ekofeminizm ve Erkeklikler. Moment Dergi, 8(1), 205-226. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2021.1.205226