Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 75 - 96, 30.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Adrews, E. (2018). The Science Behind Cambridge Analytica: Does Psychological Profiling Work? Geliş tarihi 13 Nisan 2019, gönderen Stanford Graduate School of Business website: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/science-behind-cambridge-analytica-does-psychological-profiling-work
  • Askonas, J. (2019). How Tech Utopia Fostered Tyranny. The New Atlantis, 3-13.
  • Bakan, S., & Şahin, S. (2018). ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK YAKLAŞIMLARININ TARİHSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE YENİ TEHDİTLER. 18.
  • Bashyakarla, V. (2018). France: Data Violations in Recent Elections - Our Data Our Selves. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Tactical Technology Collective website: https://ourdataourselves.tacticaltech.org/posts/overview-france/
  • Benoit, K. (2019). quanteda: Quantitative Analysis of Textual Data (Versiyon 0.99.22) [R]. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://quanteda.io
  • Beres, D. (2019, Şubat 20). How Spotify manipulates your emotions and sells your data. Geliş tarihi 15 Nisan 2019, gönderen Big Think website: https://bigthink.com/technology-innovation/is-spotify-spying-on-you
  • Cadwalladr, C. (2017, Temmuz 5). The great British Brexit robbery: how our democracy was hijacked | Technology | The Guardian. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/07/the-great-british-brexit-robbery-hijacked-democracy
  • Chen, X., Wang, Y., Agichtein, E., & Wang, F. (2015). A Comparative Study of Demographic Attribute Inference in Twitter. 4.
  • Christian, B. (2012, Nisan 26). The A/B Test: Inside the Technology That’s Changing the Rules of Business. Wired, 20(5). Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.wired.com/2012/04/ff-abtesting/
  • Christl, W. (2017). Corporate Surveillance in Everyday Life. 93.
  • Condliffe, J. (2017). Fake news is everywhere. Why? Because it’s unbelievably cheap. Geliş tarihi 27 Şubat 2019, gönderen MIT Technology Review website: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608105/fake-news-is-unbelievably-cheap/
  • Cookie Central. (t.y.). What Went Wrong? Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen http://www.cookiecentral.com/cookie5.htm
  • Cookiebot. (t.y.). Cookie consent | How to get valid consent for your website. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Cookiebot website: https://www.cookiebot.com/en/cookie-consent/
  • Corner, J. (2017). Fake news, post-truth and media–political change. Media, Culture & Society, 39(7), 1100-1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717726743
  • Digeser, P. (1992). The Fourth Face of Power. The Journal of Politics, 54(4), 977-1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/2132105
  • European Commission. (2018, Mayıs). 2018 Reform of EU Data Protection Rules [Text]. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/justice-and-fundamental-rights/data-protection/2018-reform-eu-data-protection-rules_en
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777-795.
  • Froio, C., & Ganesh, B. (2018). The transnationalisation of far right discourse on Twitter. European Societies, 0(0), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1494295
  • Gebru, T., Krause, J., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Deng, J., Aiden, E. L., & Fei-Fei, L. (2017). Using deep learning and Google Street View to estimate the demographic makeup of neighborhoods across the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(50), 13108-13113. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700035114
  • Gilani, Z., Farahbakhsh, R., & Crowcroft, J. (2017). Do Bots impact Twitter activity? Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion - WWW ’17 Companion, 781-782. https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3054255Google. (2019). Fighting disinformation across our products. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/fighting-disinformation-across-our-products/
  • Hern, A. (2019, Ocak 28). Facebook to create “war room” to fight fake news, Nick Clegg says. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jan/28/facebook-war-room-fight-fake-news-nick-clegg-eu-elections-dublin-operations-centre
  • Hootsuite. (2017, Temmuz 10). A/B Testing on Social Media: How to Do it with Tools You Already Have. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Hootsuite Social Media Management website: https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-ab-testing/
  • I Side With. (2017). Seçimler, siyasi konular, adayların ve anket veriler için Amerika’nın en popüler oylama kılavuzu. Geliş tarihi 14 Nisan 2019, gönderen iSideWith website: https://www.isidewith.com/tr/
  • Jiang, S., Martin, J., & Wilson, C. (2019). Who’s the Guinea Pig? Investigating Online A/B/n Tests in-the-Wild. Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 201–210. ACM.
  • King, G., Lam, P., & Roberts, M. E. (2017). Computer-Assisted Keyword and Document Set Discovery from Unstructured Text: KEYWORD AND DOCUMENT SET DISCOVERY. American Journal of Political Science, 61(4), 971-988. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12291
  • Levin, S. (2018, Mayıs 14). Facebook suspends 200 apps as part of investigation into data misuse. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/may/14/facebook-apps-suspended-privacy-scandal-cambridge-analytica
  • Li, Y., Yang, L., Xu, B., Wang, J., & Lin, H. (2019). Improving User Attribute Classification with Text and Social Network Attention. Cognitive Computation, 11(4), 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-019-9624-y
  • Liu, Y., Cheng, D., Pei, T., Shu, H., Ge, X., Ma, T., … Xu, L. (2019). Inferring gender and age of customers in shopping malls via indoor positioning data. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2399808319841910. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319841910
  • LIWC | Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. (2018, Mart 9). Geliş tarihi 09 Mart 2018, gönderen https://liwc.wpengine.com/
  • Margetts, H. (2019). 9. Rethinking Democracy with Social Media. The Political Quarterly, 90(S1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12574
  • Matney, L. (2019, Ocak). Twitter testing ‘Original Tweeter’ tag to distinguish who started a thread. Geliş tarihi 20 Şubat 2019, gönderen TechCrunch website: http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/01/23/twitter-testing-original-tweeter-tag-to-distinguish-who-started-a-thread/
  • Mayer, J. R., & Mitchell, J. C. (2012). Third-Party Web Tracking: Policy and Technology. 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 413-427. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.2012.47
  • Meyer, D., Dimitriadou, E., Hornik, K., Weingessel, A., & Leisch, F. (2017). e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group (Versiyon 1.6-8) [R]. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=e1071
  • Nguyen, D., Gravel, R., Trieschnigg, D., & Meder, T. (2013). “ How Old Do You Think I Am?” A Study of Language and Age in Twitter. ICWSM.
  • Nielsen, N. (2018, Mart 28). Brexit vote manipulated, says data whistleblower. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://euobserver.com/justice/141470
  • Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2019, Ocak 25). Opinion | Why Do People Fall for Fake News? The New York Times. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/19/opinion/sunday/fake-news.html
  • Rao, D., & Yarowsky, D. (2010). Detecting Latent User Properties in Social Media. 7.
  • Ratkiewicz, J., Conover, M. D., Meiss, M., Gonçalves, B., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. M. (2011). Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media. Fifth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media.
  • Sap, M., Park, G., Eichstaedt, J., Kern, M., Stillwell, D., Kosinski, M., … Schwartz, H. A. (2014). Developing age and gender predictive lexica over social media. Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 1146–1151.
  • Segal, S. (2017, Ağustos 15). Why A/B Testing Should Be Your Next Step on Social Media. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen The Oktopost Blog website: https://www.oktopost.com/blog/ab-testing-social-media/
  • Tirab, T. A. (2017). Küreselleşme Asrında Ulusal Güvenlik Perspektifinden Medya-Güvenlik İlişkisi ve Topluma Yansımaları. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 13(24), 113-151. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.356952
  • Torun, A. (2012). ULUSAL GÜVENLİK VE KÜRESELLEŞME: TÜRKİYE'NİN ULUSAL GÜVENLİK POLİTİKASININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜNDE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ROLÜ. ( (National Security and Globalization: The Role of Globalization in The Transformation of Turkey's National Security Policy). Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.academia.edu/35668756/ULUSAL_G%C3%9CVENL%C4%B0K_VE_K%C3%9CRESELLE%C5%9EME_T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YEN%C4%B0N_ULUSAL_G%C3%9CVENL%C4%B0K_POL%C4%B0T%C4%B0KASININ_D%C3%96N%C3%9C%C5%9E%C3%9CM%C3%9CNDE_K%C3%9CRESELLE%C5%9EMEN%C4%B0N_ROL%C3%9C._National_Security_and_Globalization_The_Role_of_Globalization_in_The_Transformation_of_Turkeys_National_Security_Policy_Twitter Public Policy. (2017, Şubat 28). Update: Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2017/Update-Russian-Interference-in-2016--Election-Bots-and-Misinformation.htmlVanian, J. (2018). Facebook, Twitter Take New Steps to Combat Fake News and Manipulation. Fortune. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://fortune.com/2018/01/19/facebook-twitter-news-feed-russia-ads/
  • Varga, K. (2018). Why European Campaigns Should Invest in Social Media Listening. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Campaigns&Elections website: https://www.campaignsandelections.com/europe/why-european-campaigns-should-invest-in-social-media-listening
  • Wachter, S. (2018). The GDPR and the Internet of Things: a three-step transparency model. Law, Innovation and Technology, 10(2), 266-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2018.1527479
  • Wang, Z., Hale, S., Adelani, D. I., Grabowicz, P., Hartman, T., FlÃ\Pck, F., & Jurgens, D. (2019). Demographic Inference and Representative Population Estimates from Multilingual Social Media Data. The World Wide Web Conference, 2056–2067. https://doi.org/10.1145/3308558.3313684
  • Whittaker, Ja. (2018). Thousands of Twitter accounts that spread fake news during the 2016 election are still active today, say researchers. Geliş tarihi 27 Şubat 2019, gönderen TechCrunch website: http://social.techcrunch.com/2018/10/04/thousands-of-twitter-accounts-that-spread-fake-news-during-the-2016-election-are-still-active-today-say-researchers/
  • Who Should You Vote For. (2017). UK 2017 General Election Quiz. Geliş tarihi 14 Nisan 2019, gönderen Who Should You Vote For? website: https://www.whoshouldyouvotefor.com/
  • Zhang, J., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., & Liu, H. (2016). Your Age Is No Secret: Inferring Microbloggers’ Ages via Content and Interaction Analysis. 10.

ULUSAL GÜVENLİK VE SOSYAL MEDYA: FIRSATLAR VE TEHDİTLER

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 75 - 96, 30.12.2019

Abstract

Akıllı telefonun icat edilmesinden sonra kişisel verilerin
paylaşılmasıyla sanal ortamda üretilen veri çok büyük boyutlara ulaşmıştır.
Twitter, Facebook ve Youtube gibi uygulamalar aracıları ortadan kaldırarak
vatandaşların seslerini daha kolay duyurmasına yardımcı olmakta ve kitlelerin
hareketlendirilmesini sağlayarak siyasal katılımı artırmaktadır. Ayrıca bu
uygulamalar kriz durumlarına acil müdahalede, kamu politikası süreçlerinde
taleplerin duyurulmasında ve kurumların kamuoyu gözündeki imajlarının iyileştirmelerinde
kullanılmaktadırlar.  Buna karşın sosyal
medya üzerinden yapılan bilgi savaşları ulusal güvenliği ve istikrarı
etkileyecek son derece önemli sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Sosyal medya
uygulamalarının kamu yönetimine faydaları ve tehditleri gün geçtikçe
artmaktadır.   Kamu bürokrasisinin
geleneksel dikey yapılanmasıyla çelişkili de olsa resmî kurumların sosyal medya
stratejisine sahip olması fırsatları değerlendirmek ve tehditlerin farkına
varıp onlardan kaçınmak için önemlidir.  



Bu çalışmada öncelikle kamu
yönetiminde büyük veri madenciliği, öğrenen makineler ve sosyal medyayla ilgili
temel kavramlar açıklanmıştır. Kamu yönetiminde sosyal medya araçlarının ve bu
platformlar üzerinden üretilen verinin kullanımına ilişkin tehditler, bu
araçların ve verinin getirdiği fırsatlar incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Emniyet Genel
Müdürlüğü’ne ait resmi Twitter hesabı incelenmiştir. Veriler Twitter Public API
üzerinden R programlama dili kullanılarak derlenmiştir. Verilerin
çözümlenmesinde R programlama dilinden yararlanılmıştır. Çözümlemeler sonucunda
ulusal güvenliğin ve istikrarın sağlanması için alınabilecek önlemler hakkında
önerilerde bulunulmuştur

References

  • Adrews, E. (2018). The Science Behind Cambridge Analytica: Does Psychological Profiling Work? Geliş tarihi 13 Nisan 2019, gönderen Stanford Graduate School of Business website: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/science-behind-cambridge-analytica-does-psychological-profiling-work
  • Askonas, J. (2019). How Tech Utopia Fostered Tyranny. The New Atlantis, 3-13.
  • Bakan, S., & Şahin, S. (2018). ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK YAKLAŞIMLARININ TARİHSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ VE YENİ TEHDİTLER. 18.
  • Bashyakarla, V. (2018). France: Data Violations in Recent Elections - Our Data Our Selves. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Tactical Technology Collective website: https://ourdataourselves.tacticaltech.org/posts/overview-france/
  • Benoit, K. (2019). quanteda: Quantitative Analysis of Textual Data (Versiyon 0.99.22) [R]. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://quanteda.io
  • Beres, D. (2019, Şubat 20). How Spotify manipulates your emotions and sells your data. Geliş tarihi 15 Nisan 2019, gönderen Big Think website: https://bigthink.com/technology-innovation/is-spotify-spying-on-you
  • Cadwalladr, C. (2017, Temmuz 5). The great British Brexit robbery: how our democracy was hijacked | Technology | The Guardian. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/07/the-great-british-brexit-robbery-hijacked-democracy
  • Chen, X., Wang, Y., Agichtein, E., & Wang, F. (2015). A Comparative Study of Demographic Attribute Inference in Twitter. 4.
  • Christian, B. (2012, Nisan 26). The A/B Test: Inside the Technology That’s Changing the Rules of Business. Wired, 20(5). Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.wired.com/2012/04/ff-abtesting/
  • Christl, W. (2017). Corporate Surveillance in Everyday Life. 93.
  • Condliffe, J. (2017). Fake news is everywhere. Why? Because it’s unbelievably cheap. Geliş tarihi 27 Şubat 2019, gönderen MIT Technology Review website: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608105/fake-news-is-unbelievably-cheap/
  • Cookie Central. (t.y.). What Went Wrong? Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen http://www.cookiecentral.com/cookie5.htm
  • Cookiebot. (t.y.). Cookie consent | How to get valid consent for your website. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Cookiebot website: https://www.cookiebot.com/en/cookie-consent/
  • Corner, J. (2017). Fake news, post-truth and media–political change. Media, Culture & Society, 39(7), 1100-1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717726743
  • Digeser, P. (1992). The Fourth Face of Power. The Journal of Politics, 54(4), 977-1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/2132105
  • European Commission. (2018, Mayıs). 2018 Reform of EU Data Protection Rules [Text]. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/justice-and-fundamental-rights/data-protection/2018-reform-eu-data-protection-rules_en
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777-795.
  • Froio, C., & Ganesh, B. (2018). The transnationalisation of far right discourse on Twitter. European Societies, 0(0), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1494295
  • Gebru, T., Krause, J., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Deng, J., Aiden, E. L., & Fei-Fei, L. (2017). Using deep learning and Google Street View to estimate the demographic makeup of neighborhoods across the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(50), 13108-13113. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700035114
  • Gilani, Z., Farahbakhsh, R., & Crowcroft, J. (2017). Do Bots impact Twitter activity? Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion - WWW ’17 Companion, 781-782. https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3054255Google. (2019). Fighting disinformation across our products. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/fighting-disinformation-across-our-products/
  • Hern, A. (2019, Ocak 28). Facebook to create “war room” to fight fake news, Nick Clegg says. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jan/28/facebook-war-room-fight-fake-news-nick-clegg-eu-elections-dublin-operations-centre
  • Hootsuite. (2017, Temmuz 10). A/B Testing on Social Media: How to Do it with Tools You Already Have. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen Hootsuite Social Media Management website: https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-ab-testing/
  • I Side With. (2017). Seçimler, siyasi konular, adayların ve anket veriler için Amerika’nın en popüler oylama kılavuzu. Geliş tarihi 14 Nisan 2019, gönderen iSideWith website: https://www.isidewith.com/tr/
  • Jiang, S., Martin, J., & Wilson, C. (2019). Who’s the Guinea Pig? Investigating Online A/B/n Tests in-the-Wild. Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 201–210. ACM.
  • King, G., Lam, P., & Roberts, M. E. (2017). Computer-Assisted Keyword and Document Set Discovery from Unstructured Text: KEYWORD AND DOCUMENT SET DISCOVERY. American Journal of Political Science, 61(4), 971-988. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12291
  • Levin, S. (2018, Mayıs 14). Facebook suspends 200 apps as part of investigation into data misuse. The Guardian. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/may/14/facebook-apps-suspended-privacy-scandal-cambridge-analytica
  • Li, Y., Yang, L., Xu, B., Wang, J., & Lin, H. (2019). Improving User Attribute Classification with Text and Social Network Attention. Cognitive Computation, 11(4), 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-019-9624-y
  • Liu, Y., Cheng, D., Pei, T., Shu, H., Ge, X., Ma, T., … Xu, L. (2019). Inferring gender and age of customers in shopping malls via indoor positioning data. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2399808319841910. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319841910
  • LIWC | Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. (2018, Mart 9). Geliş tarihi 09 Mart 2018, gönderen https://liwc.wpengine.com/
  • Margetts, H. (2019). 9. Rethinking Democracy with Social Media. The Political Quarterly, 90(S1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12574
  • Matney, L. (2019, Ocak). Twitter testing ‘Original Tweeter’ tag to distinguish who started a thread. Geliş tarihi 20 Şubat 2019, gönderen TechCrunch website: http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/01/23/twitter-testing-original-tweeter-tag-to-distinguish-who-started-a-thread/
  • Mayer, J. R., & Mitchell, J. C. (2012). Third-Party Web Tracking: Policy and Technology. 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 413-427. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP.2012.47
  • Meyer, D., Dimitriadou, E., Hornik, K., Weingessel, A., & Leisch, F. (2017). e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group (Versiyon 1.6-8) [R]. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=e1071
  • Nguyen, D., Gravel, R., Trieschnigg, D., & Meder, T. (2013). “ How Old Do You Think I Am?” A Study of Language and Age in Twitter. ICWSM.
  • Nielsen, N. (2018, Mart 28). Brexit vote manipulated, says data whistleblower. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://euobserver.com/justice/141470
  • Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2019, Ocak 25). Opinion | Why Do People Fall for Fake News? The New York Times. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/19/opinion/sunday/fake-news.html
  • Rao, D., & Yarowsky, D. (2010). Detecting Latent User Properties in Social Media. 7.
  • Ratkiewicz, J., Conover, M. D., Meiss, M., Gonçalves, B., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. M. (2011). Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media. Fifth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media.
  • Sap, M., Park, G., Eichstaedt, J., Kern, M., Stillwell, D., Kosinski, M., … Schwartz, H. A. (2014). Developing age and gender predictive lexica over social media. Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 1146–1151.
  • Segal, S. (2017, Ağustos 15). Why A/B Testing Should Be Your Next Step on Social Media. Geliş tarihi 27 Mart 2019, gönderen The Oktopost Blog website: https://www.oktopost.com/blog/ab-testing-social-media/
  • Tirab, T. A. (2017). Küreselleşme Asrında Ulusal Güvenlik Perspektifinden Medya-Güvenlik İlişkisi ve Topluma Yansımaları. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 13(24), 113-151. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.356952
  • Torun, A. (2012). ULUSAL GÜVENLİK VE KÜRESELLEŞME: TÜRKİYE'NİN ULUSAL GÜVENLİK POLİTİKASININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜNDE KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ROLÜ. ( (National Security and Globalization: The Role of Globalization in The Transformation of Turkey's National Security Policy). Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.academia.edu/35668756/ULUSAL_G%C3%9CVENL%C4%B0K_VE_K%C3%9CRESELLE%C5%9EME_T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YEN%C4%B0N_ULUSAL_G%C3%9CVENL%C4%B0K_POL%C4%B0T%C4%B0KASININ_D%C3%96N%C3%9C%C5%9E%C3%9CM%C3%9CNDE_K%C3%9CRESELLE%C5%9EMEN%C4%B0N_ROL%C3%9C._National_Security_and_Globalization_The_Role_of_Globalization_in_The_Transformation_of_Turkeys_National_Security_Policy_Twitter Public Policy. (2017, Şubat 28). Update: Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election. Geliş tarihi 26 Şubat 2019, gönderen https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2017/Update-Russian-Interference-in-2016--Election-Bots-and-Misinformation.htmlVanian, J. (2018). Facebook, Twitter Take New Steps to Combat Fake News and Manipulation. Fortune. Geliş tarihi gönderen http://fortune.com/2018/01/19/facebook-twitter-news-feed-russia-ads/
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Kurnaz 0000-0001-5628-328X

İsmail Kayar 0000-0002-9091-4337

Mustafa Güngör This is me 0000-0002-8502-8103

Mustafa Görün 0000-0001-9732-6979

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Submission Date October 21, 2019
Acceptance Date January 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kurnaz, A., Kayar, İ., Güngör, M., Görün, M. (2019). ULUSAL GÜVENLİK VE SOSYAL MEDYA: FIRSATLAR VE TEHDİTLER. Management and Political Sciences Review, 1(2), 75-96.


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