Gebelikte Aşı Tereddüdü ve İlişkili Faktörler: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin doğu illerinden Muş’ta yaşayan gebelerin çocukluk çağı aşılarına yönelik tereddüt düzeylerini belirlemeyi ve bu tutumlara etki eden sosyodemografik, davranışsal ve sağlık sistemiyle ilişkili etmenleri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Ocak–Şubat 2024 tarihleri arasında Muş Devlet Hastanesi Kadın Doğum Polikliniği’ne başvuran 313 gebe ile yürütülen bu kesitsel araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak sosyodemografik bilgiler, sağlık davranışları, aşıya yönelik tutumlar ve Aşı Tereddüdü Ölçeği’ni içeren anket formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların Aşı Tereddüdü Ölçek puan ortalaması 19,01±6,33 olarak saptanmıştır. Lise ve üzeri eğitim düzeyine sahip olan gebelerde ve eşlerinde, il/ilçe merkezinde yaşayanlarda, ilk gebelikte olanlarda ve kısmen sağlıklı beslendiğini belirtenlerde tereddüt düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Gebelik ve çocuk sayısı arttıkça aşı tereddüdü anlamlı olarak azalmaktadır. Aile hekimine güven düzeyi arttıkça tereddüt düzeyleri düşmekte, ancak sadece hekimi tanımak bu konuda etkili olmamaktadır. Sonuç: Aşı tereddüdü, bireysel özellikler, sağlık davranışları ve sağlık sistemine duyulan güven gibi çok boyutlu etmenlerle şekillenmektedir. Bulgular, özellikle eğitimli ve kentsel nüfus başta olmak üzere belirli gruplarda hedefli iletişim stratejileri geliştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sağlık çalışanlarının güven sağlayan bir iletişim tarzı benimsemeleri, tereddüdü azaltmada kritik öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

• gebelik
• halk sağlığı
• Aşılama
• Aşı kararsızlığı

Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to assess the level of vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women residing in Muş, a province in eastern Türkiye, and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, and factors related to the healthcare system on their attitudes towards childhood vaccinations. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2024 with 313 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Muş State Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising sociodemographic information, health behaviours, attitudes towards vaccination, and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. Results: The mean score on the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was 19.01 ± 6.33. Higher levels of hesitancy were observed among participants with higher educational attainment, those residing in urban areas and those in their first pregnancy. As the number of pregnancies and children increased, vaccine hesitancy significantly decreased. Greater trust in family physicians was associated with lower hesitancy, whereas mere acquaintance with a physician did not appear to influence hesitancy levels. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for tailored communication strategies, particularly for more educated and urban populations. Moreover, the ability of healthcare professionals to establish trust through effective communication is essential in reducing vaccine hesitancy.

Keywords

• pregnancy
• public health
• vaccination
• vaccine hesitancy

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