Uganda, Kampala'da Mevcut Tüberküloz Önleme Ve Kontrol Programlarını Sınırlayan Faktörler: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Kampala, Uganda’da tüberküloz önleme ve kontrol programlarının uygulanmasını engelleyen zorlukları belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Kampala’da en az iki yıldır yaşayan, 18–65 yaş arası tüberküloz hastalarına sağlık çalışanları tarafından yapılandırılmış anketler uygulanarak kesitsel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar (n=413) basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %63,4’ü tüberküloz tanısını aile üyelerine açıklamamış, %59,6’sı HIV ile koenfekte bulunmuş ve %64,3’ü tüberküloz tedavisi dışında ek ilaçlara ihtiyaç duymuştur. Ayrıca %53,8’i tüberküloz tedavisi hakkında sınırlı bilgiye sahipken, %64,2’si semptomların erken düzelmesi nedeniyle tedaviyi iki ay içinde bırakma eğilimi göstermiştir. Bu faktörler, tüberküloz önleme ve kontrol çabalarının etkinliğini önemli ölçüde zayıflatmıştır. Sonuç: Kampala’daki mevcut tüberküloz önleme ve kontrol programlarının etkinliğini azaltan başlıca engeller; ilaç alımı sırasında gıda yetersizliği, hastaların tüberküloz durumlarını aile üyelerine açıklamaktan kaçınmaları, damgalanma ve ayrımcılık korkusu, tedaviye ilişkin sınırlı bilgi, semptomların erken düzelmesi nedeniyle tedaviyi zamanından önce bırakma, HIV koenfeksiyonu ve verem ilaçlarıyla birlikte ek ilaç kullanma zorunluluğudur.

Keywords

• Engeller
• Kampala
• Kontrol
• Önleme
• Tüberküloz
• Uganda

Factors Limiting Current Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Programs in Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to identify challenges hindering the implementation of tuberculosis prevention and control programs in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires administered to tuberculosis patients aged 18–65 who had lived in Kampala for at least two years. Participants (n=413) were selected through simple random sampling. Results: Among respondents, 63.4% had not disclosed their tuberculosis diagnosis to household members, 59.6% were co-infected with HIV, and 64.3% required additional medications. Limited understanding of tuberculosis therapy was reported by 53.8%, while 64.2% were inclined to discontinue treatment prematurely due to perceived recovery. These factors significantly undermined tuberculosis prevention and control efforts. Conclusion: Key barriers include food insecurity during medication intake, reluctance to disclose tuberculosis status, stigma and discrimination, poor understanding of treatment, premature cessation of therapy, HIV co-infection, and the burden of multiple medications.

Keywords

• Barriers
• Kampala
• Control
• Prevention
• Tuberculosis
• Uganda

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