SARS CoV-2, konakçı hücrelerine girişi esas olarak solunum yolu endoteli, vasküler endoteli, renal hücreler ve ince bağırsak hücreleri yanında ACE 2 reseptörü üzerinden MSS’ye yayılım yapabileceği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Covid-19 pozitif viral pnomoni olan bir çok olguda ensefalit kliniği gelişmesi üzerine SARS CoV-2 de dahil olmak üzere nörolojik tutulumlar incelenmiştir. Covid 19 pandemi sürecinde Covid-19’un sadece basit bir alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ile kendini sınırlamayıp ciddi sistemik hastalığa neden olmakta ve sinir sistemini etkileyebildiğini göstermiştir. Bu yüzden pandemi sürecinde başvuran ve tüm Covid-19 tanısı alan hastalarda gelişebilecek nörolojik semptomlar açısından tetikte olunmalıdır.
1. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance (Accessed on February 14, 2020).
2 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumo- nia in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 20:382-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
3.Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020; published online 3 February. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
4. Jin H, Hong C, Chen S, et al. Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2020;0. doi: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382.
6. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
7. Ling Mao; Huijuan Jin; Mengdie Wang; Yu Hu; Shengcai Chen; Quanwei He; Jiang Chang; Candong Hong; Yifan Zhou; David Wang; Xiaoping Miao; Yanan Li, MD, PhD; Bo Hu, MD, PhD
8. Giacomelli et al., 2020; Ryan, 2020; Hopkins and Kumar, 2020
9.A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9 Mary Donoghue, Frank Hsieh, Elizabeth Baronas, Kevin Godbout, Michael Gosselin, Nancy Stagliano, Michael Donovan, Betty Woolf, Keith Robison, Raju Jeyaseelan, Roger E. Breitbart, Susan Acton
10. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS : Tissue Distributi- on , Host − Virus Interaction , and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2020, 11, 995−998
11.Al-Obaidi ve diğerleri, 2018; Soung ve Klein, 2018).
12 Li Y, Fu L, Gonzales DM, Lavi E. Coronavirus neurovirulence correlates with the ability of the virus to induce proinflammatory cytokine sig- nals from astrocytes and microglia. J Virol. 2004;78: 3398-406
13.Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19. Carold-artal FJ1 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7009.2020179
14.Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A,Lajoie L, Dubé M, Talbot PJ. Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? Viruses. 2019;12. pii: E14.
15. How viruses infiltrate the central nervous system A. mıchalıcov.1, k. bhıde3, m. bhıde1,3, a. kov.č1,2*
16.Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Apr 10. pii: S0889- 1591(20)30465-7.
17.Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sug- awara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS- Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55-8
18. COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Neo Poyiadji, MD, Gassan Shahin, MD, Daniel Noujaim, MD, Michael Stone, MD, Suresh Patel, MD, Brent Griffith, MD
19. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy and myocarditis in a young patient with COVID-19 Ahmed Elkady, MSc, and Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7:e801. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000801
20.Wong PF, Craik S, Newman P, et al. Lessons of the month 1: a case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; published online May 5. https://doi.org.10.7861/clinmed.2020-0182.
21) Zanin L, Saraceno G, Panciani PP, et al. SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; published online May 4. https://doi.org.10.1007/s00701-020-04374-x.
22. Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S. et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following CO- VID-19 : a single center , retrospective , observational study. The Lancet. 2020;19. Online ahead of print.
23. Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020.
24. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med. 2020 May;382(20):e60.
COVID-19 AND NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
Year 2020,
Volume: 3 Issue: Özel Sayı, 51 - 58, 05.08.2020
SARS CoV-2, can spread to Central Nervous system via the ACE 2 receptor as well as the respiratory tract endothelium, vascular endothelium, renal cells and small intestine cells. In many cases with Covid-19 positive viral pneumonia, neurological involvements were investigated upon the development of the encephalitis clinic. In the Covid 19 pandemics, Covid-19 does not limit itself to only a simple lower respiratory tract infection, but it has been shown to cause serious systemic disease and affect the nervous system. Therefore, during the pandemic, patients diagnosed with Covid-19 should be alerted in terms of neurological symptoms.
1. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance (Accessed on February 14, 2020).
2 Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumo- nia in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 20:382-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
3.Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020; published online 3 February. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
4. Jin H, Hong C, Chen S, et al. Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2020;0. doi: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382.
6. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
7. Ling Mao; Huijuan Jin; Mengdie Wang; Yu Hu; Shengcai Chen; Quanwei He; Jiang Chang; Candong Hong; Yifan Zhou; David Wang; Xiaoping Miao; Yanan Li, MD, PhD; Bo Hu, MD, PhD
8. Giacomelli et al., 2020; Ryan, 2020; Hopkins and Kumar, 2020
9.A Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme–Related Carboxypeptidase (ACE2) Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9 Mary Donoghue, Frank Hsieh, Elizabeth Baronas, Kevin Godbout, Michael Gosselin, Nancy Stagliano, Michael Donovan, Betty Woolf, Keith Robison, Raju Jeyaseelan, Roger E. Breitbart, Susan Acton
10. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS : Tissue Distributi- on , Host − Virus Interaction , and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2020, 11, 995−998
11.Al-Obaidi ve diğerleri, 2018; Soung ve Klein, 2018).
12 Li Y, Fu L, Gonzales DM, Lavi E. Coronavirus neurovirulence correlates with the ability of the virus to induce proinflammatory cytokine sig- nals from astrocytes and microglia. J Virol. 2004;78: 3398-406
13.Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19. Carold-artal FJ1 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7009.2020179
14.Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A,Lajoie L, Dubé M, Talbot PJ. Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? Viruses. 2019;12. pii: E14.
15. How viruses infiltrate the central nervous system A. mıchalıcov.1, k. bhıde3, m. bhıde1,3, a. kov.č1,2*
16.Ye M, Ren Y, Lv T. Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Apr 10. pii: S0889- 1591(20)30465-7.
17.Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sug- awara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS- Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55-8
18. COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Neo Poyiadji, MD, Gassan Shahin, MD, Daniel Noujaim, MD, Michael Stone, MD, Suresh Patel, MD, Brent Griffith, MD
19. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy and myocarditis in a young patient with COVID-19 Ahmed Elkady, MSc, and Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020;7:e801. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000801
20.Wong PF, Craik S, Newman P, et al. Lessons of the month 1: a case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; published online May 5. https://doi.org.10.7861/clinmed.2020-0182.
21) Zanin L, Saraceno G, Panciani PP, et al. SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; published online May 4. https://doi.org.10.1007/s00701-020-04374-x.
22. Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S. et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following CO- VID-19 : a single center , retrospective , observational study. The Lancet. 2020;19. Online ahead of print.
23. Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020.
24. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med. 2020 May;382(20):e60.