Cyberbullying, The Emerging Problem of The Age: Prevention of Cyberbullying in Children and Adolescents

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 50 - 56, 29.12.2021

Özlem Kavurucu Leyla Küçük

Abstract

Cyberbullying, as a type of bullying, is defined as intentional and repetitive maltreatment of a person or persons through digital technologies. Cyberbullying can have worse outcomes than traditional bullying; because it can reach a wider audience anonymously and can appear at any time of the day or night. In addition, according to research, children and adolescents who are exposed to cyberbullying have depression, anxiety, low self-respect, suicidal thoughts and physical health problems. It is stated that the interventions developed to prevent cyberbullying in children and adolescents are mostly school-based and specially there is a need for interventions which health care professionals are attending. It is seen that the training of teachers, problem solving skills training in children and adolescents, parent training and peer support are effective in reducing cyberbullying behavior.

Keywords

Child, adolescent, cyberbullying

ÇAĞIN GELİŞEN SORUNU SİBER ZORBALIK: ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERDE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ÖNLEME

Abstract

Bir zorbalık çeşidi olan siber zorbalık, elektronik araçlar aracılığıyla bir kişiye ya da kişilere kasıtlı ve tekrarlayan şekilde kötü muamelede bulunmak olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Siber zorbalık, geleneksel zorbalıktan daha kötü sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir; çünkü siber zorbalık, daha geniş bir kitleye isimsiz olarak ulaşabilmekte ve gündüz veya gece herhangi bir zamanda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan araştırmalara göre, siber zorbalığa maruz kalan çocuk ve ergenlerde depresyon, anksiyete, benlik saygısında düşme, intihar düşünceleri ve fiziksel sağlık sorunları görülmektedir. Çocuk ve ergenlerdeki siber zorbalığı önlemek için geliştirilmiş müdahalelerin daha çok okul tabanlı olduğu ve özellikle sağlık profesyonellerinin de katıldığı müdahalelere ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmektedir. Konu ile ilgili öğretmenlerin eğitiminin, çocuk ve ergenlerde sorun çözme becerileri eğitiminin, ebeveyn eğitiminin ve akran desteğinin siber zorbalık davranışını azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

siber zorbalık, çocuk, ergen

References

• Zwanenburg SP. Informatıon technology addiction: construct development and measuremen. Thirty Fourth International Conference on Information Systems, 2013; Hong Kong, 1-12.
• Yengin D. Teknoloji bağımlılığı olarak dijital bağımlılık. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication – TOJDAC, 2019; 9(2): 130-144.
• Yılmaz B, Bekiroğlu S. Çocukluk Döneminde Dijital Bağımlılık. Paslı F, Aslantürk H (ed.) Çocuklarla Çalışma içinde. Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi; 2020; p. 357-374.
• Kesici A, Tunç NF. Investigating the digital addiction level of the university students according to their purposes for using digital tools. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2018; 6(2): 235-241.
• Ortega-Barón J, Buelga S, Ayllón E, Martínez-Ferrer B, Cava MJ. Effects of intervention program prev@cib on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019; 16(527): 1-13.
• Khan F, Limbana T, Zahid T, Eskander N, Jahan N. Traits, trends, and trajectory of tween and teen cyberbullies. Cureus, 2020; 12(8): 1-14.
• Alhajji M, Bass S, Dai T. Cyberbullying, mental health, and violence in adolescents and associations with sex and race: data from the 2015 youth risk behavior survey. Global Pediatric Health, 2019; 6: 1-9.
• Nixon CL. Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2014; 5: 143-158.
• Waasdorp TE, Bradshaw CP. The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2015; 56(5): 483-488.
• Wolke D, Lee K, Guy A. Cyberbullying: a storm in a teacup? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017; 26: 899-908.
• Selkie EM, Fales JL, Moreno MA. Cyberbullying prevalence among united states middle and high school aged adolescents: a systematic review and quality assessment. J Adolesc Health, 2016; 58(2): 125-133.
• Dinç M. Teknoloji bağımlılığı ve gençlik. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015; 3(3): 31-65.
• Ferrara P, Ianniello F, Villani A, Corsello G. Cyberbullying a modern form of bullying: let’s talk about this health and social problem. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2018; 44(14): 1-3.
• Vaillancourt T, Faris R, Mishna F. Cyberbullying in children and youth: implications for health and clinical practice. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017; 62(6): 368-373.
• Zhu C, Huang S, Evans R, Zhang W. Cyberbullying among adolescents and children: a comprehensive review of the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures. Frontiers in Public Health, 2021; 9: 1-12.
• John A, Glendenning AC. Marchant A, Montgomery P, Stewart A, Wood S, Lloyd K, Hawton K. Self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: systematic review. J Med Internet Res., 2018; 20(4): e129.
• Biswas T, Scott JG, Munir K, Thomas HJ, Huda MM, Hasan MM, et al. Global variation in the prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst adolescents: role of peer and parental supports. EClinical Medicine, 2020; 20: 1-8.
• Bottino SMB, Bottino CMC, Regina CG, Correia AVL, Ribeiro WS. Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review. Cad. Saúde Pública, 2015; 31(3): 463-475.
• Arslan S, Savaşer S, Hallett V, Balcı S. Cyberbullying among primary school students in Turkey: self-reported prevalence and associations with home and school life. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2012; 15(10), 527-533.
• Eroğlu Y, Aktepe E, Akbaba S, Işık A, Özkorumak E. Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 2015; 40(177): 93-107.
• Korkmaz A. Siber zorbalık: fizikselden sanala yeni şiddet. Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Uluslararası Hakemli Dergisi, 2016; 24(2): 74-85.
• Sourander A, Klomek AB, Ikonen M, Lindroos J, Luntamo T, Koskelainen M, et al. Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2010; 67(7): 720-728.
• Aboujaoude E, Savage MW, Starcevic V, Salame WO. Cyberbullying: review of an old problem gone viral. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2015; 57: 10-18.
• Kim S, Kimber M, Boyle MH, Georgiades K. Sex differences in the association between cyberbullying victimization and mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 2019; 64(2): 126-135.
• Moreno-Ruiz D, Martinez-Ferrer, Garcia-Bacete F. Parenting styles, cyberaggression, and cybervictimization among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 2019; 93:252-259.
• Arato N, Zsido AN, Rivnyak A, Peley B, Labadi B. Risk and protective factors in cyberbullying: the role of family, social support and emotion regulation. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2021; doi.org/10.1007/s42380-021-00097-4.
• Merrill RM, Hanson CL. Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied. BMC Public Health, 2016; 16(145): 1-10.
• Dorol–Beauroy-Eustache O, Mishara BL. Systematic review of risk and protective factors for suicidal and self-harm behaviors among children and adolescents involved with cyberbullying. Preventive Medicine, 2021; 152: 1-12.
• Peebles E. Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen. Paediatr Child Health, 2014; 19(10): 527-528
• Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Sorrentino A. Cyberbullying in youth: a pattern of disruptive behaviour. Psicologia Educativa, 2016; 22(1): 19-26.
• Aizenkot D, Kashy-Rosenbaum G. Cyberbullying victimization in whatsapp classmate groups among Israeli elementary, middle, and high school students. J Interpers Violence, 2021; 36(15-16).
• Jadambaa A, Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Graves N, Brain D, Pacella R. Prevalence of traditional bullying and cyberbullying among children and adolescents in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2019; 53(9): 878-888.
• Hutson E, Kelly S, Militello LK. Systematic review of cyberbullying interventions for youth and parents with implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs., 2018; 15(1): 72-79.
• Espelage DL, Hong JS. Cyberbullying prevention and intervention efforts: current knowledge and future directions. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017; 62(6): 374-380.
• Ferrer-Cascales R, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Portilla-Tamarit I, Lordan O, Ruiz-Robledillo N. Effectiveness of the TEI program for bullying and cyberbullying reduction and school climate improvement. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019; 16(580): 1-13.
• Sorrentino A, Baldry AC, Farrington D. The Efficacy of the tabby improved prevention and intervention program in reducing cyberbullying and cybervictimization among students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2018; 15(2536): 1-14.
• Vivolo-Kantor AM, Niolon PH, Estefan LF, Le VD, Tracy AJ, Latzm NEet al. Middle school effects of the dating matters® comprehensive teen dating violence prevention model on physical violence, bullying, and cyberbullying: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 2021; 22: 151-161.