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An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse

Year 2016, , 266 - 9, 15.06.2016

Serkan Demir Hakan Simsek Mehmet Guney Senol Ahmet Eroglu , Ergenekon Karagoz Hakan Tekeli Rifat Erdem Tugrul

https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.94547

Abstract

The number of synthetic derivatives of the world’s most popular and commonly abused drug, cannabis is rapidly growing dayby day. Although the drug has certain applications in the medical field, due to its wide and easy access and cheapness, more people start trying the drug commonly referred to as ‘Bonsai’. This synthetic form of the drug has many different names in different countries. The drug is most commonly referred as “Bonsai” in Turkey, “Spice” in UK and “K2” or “Jamaica” in the US. The synthetic cannabinoids are mainly smoked using a pipe, a hookah (or a bong), or wrapped in cigarette papers. Various cases, including the result of death, have been reported related to ‘Bonsai’ smoking. We present here a case of ‘Bonsai’ drug abuse with unusual presentation of paraplegia. 

Keywords

Bonsai Cannabinoid; Paraplegia

References

  • Vandrey R, Dunn KE, Fry JA, Girling ER. A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids). Drug and alcohol dependence. 2012 Jan 1;120(1):238-41.
  • Pertwee RG. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids. InCannabinoids 2005 (pp. 1-51). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Albayrak S, Suiçmez S, Calikoğlu F. [The use of Aloe and Urtica species in Avicenna's canon of medicine]. Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari= The new history of medicine studies. 2003 Dec(10-11):95-120.
  • Fantegrossi WE, Moran JH, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Δ 9-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity?. Life sciences. 2014 Feb 27;97(1):45-54.
  • Hoyte CO, Jacob J, Monte AA, Al-Jumaan M, Bronstein AC, Heard KJ. A characterization of synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to the National Poison Data System in 2010. Annals of emergency medicine. 2012 Oct 31;60(4):435-8.
  • Ashton JC. Cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammation. Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England: 2000). 2007 May;8(5):373-84.
  • Hermanns‐Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwärter V. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction. 2013 Mar 1;108(3):534-44.
  • Spaderna M, Addy PH, D’Souza DC. Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids. Psychopharmacology. 2013 Aug 1;228(4):525-40.
  • Forrester MB, Kleinschmidt K, Schwarz E, Young A. Synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers. Journal of addictive diseases. 2011 Oct 1;30(4):351-8.
  • Gurdal F, Asirdizer M, Aker RG, Korkut S, Gocer Y, Kucukibrahimoglu EE, Ince CH. Review of detection frequency and type of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal compounds analyzed by Istanbul Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Turkey. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2013 Aug 31;20(6):667-72.
  • Griffiths P, Mounteney J, Lopez D, Zobel F, Götz W. Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. Monitoring the European drug situation: the ongoing challenge for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Addiction. 2012 Feb 1;107(2):254-8.
  • Greineisen WE, Turner H. Immunoactive effects of cannabinoids: considerations for the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists. International immunopharmacology. 2010 May 31;10(5):547-55.
  • Gessain A, Mahieux R. Tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: clinical, epidemiological, virological and therapeutic aspects. Revue neurologique. 2012 Mar 31;168(3):257-69.
  • Kronstrand R, Roman M, Andersson M, Eklund A. Toxicological findings of synthetic cannabinoids in recreational users. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2013 Oct 1;37(8):534-41.
  • Papaseit E, Farré M, Schifano F, Torrens M. Emerging drugs in Europe. Current opinion in psychiatry. 2014 Jul 1;27(4):243-50.
  • Singh J, Budhiraja S. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptor ligands: current status. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 1;28(3):177.

Year 2016, , 266 - 9, 15.06.2016

Serkan Demir Hakan Simsek Mehmet Guney Senol Ahmet Eroglu , Ergenekon Karagoz Hakan Tekeli Rifat Erdem Tugrul

https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.94547

Abstract

References

  • Vandrey R, Dunn KE, Fry JA, Girling ER. A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids). Drug and alcohol dependence. 2012 Jan 1;120(1):238-41.
  • Pertwee RG. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids. InCannabinoids 2005 (pp. 1-51). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Albayrak S, Suiçmez S, Calikoğlu F. [The use of Aloe and Urtica species in Avicenna's canon of medicine]. Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari= The new history of medicine studies. 2003 Dec(10-11):95-120.
  • Fantegrossi WE, Moran JH, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Δ 9-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity?. Life sciences. 2014 Feb 27;97(1):45-54.
  • Hoyte CO, Jacob J, Monte AA, Al-Jumaan M, Bronstein AC, Heard KJ. A characterization of synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to the National Poison Data System in 2010. Annals of emergency medicine. 2012 Oct 31;60(4):435-8.
  • Ashton JC. Cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammation. Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England: 2000). 2007 May;8(5):373-84.
  • Hermanns‐Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwärter V. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction. 2013 Mar 1;108(3):534-44.
  • Spaderna M, Addy PH, D’Souza DC. Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids. Psychopharmacology. 2013 Aug 1;228(4):525-40.
  • Forrester MB, Kleinschmidt K, Schwarz E, Young A. Synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers. Journal of addictive diseases. 2011 Oct 1;30(4):351-8.
  • Gurdal F, Asirdizer M, Aker RG, Korkut S, Gocer Y, Kucukibrahimoglu EE, Ince CH. Review of detection frequency and type of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal compounds analyzed by Istanbul Narcotic Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Turkey. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2013 Aug 31;20(6):667-72.
  • Griffiths P, Mounteney J, Lopez D, Zobel F, Götz W. Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. Monitoring the European drug situation: the ongoing challenge for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Addiction. 2012 Feb 1;107(2):254-8.
  • Greineisen WE, Turner H. Immunoactive effects of cannabinoids: considerations for the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists. International immunopharmacology. 2010 May 31;10(5):547-55.
  • Gessain A, Mahieux R. Tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: clinical, epidemiological, virological and therapeutic aspects. Revue neurologique. 2012 Mar 31;168(3):257-69.
  • Kronstrand R, Roman M, Andersson M, Eklund A. Toxicological findings of synthetic cannabinoids in recreational users. Journal of analytical toxicology. 2013 Oct 1;37(8):534-41.
  • Papaseit E, Farré M, Schifano F, Torrens M. Emerging drugs in Europe. Current opinion in psychiatry. 2014 Jul 1;27(4):243-50.
  • Singh J, Budhiraja S. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid receptor ligands: current status. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 1;28(3):177.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Case Reports
Authors

Serkan Demir This is me

Hakan Simsek This is me

Mehmet Guney Senol This is me

Ahmet Eroglu

Ergenekon Karagoz This is me

Hakan Tekeli This is me

Rifat Erdem Tugrul This is me

Publication Date June 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Demir, S., Simsek, H., Senol, M. G., Eroglu, A., et al. (2016). An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse. Medical Science and Discovery, 3(6), 266-9. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.94547
AMA Demir S, Simsek H, Senol MG, Eroglu A, Karagoz E, Tekeli H, Tugrul RE. An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse. Med Sci Discov. June 2016;3(6):266-9. doi:10.17546/msd.94547
Chicago Demir, Serkan, Hakan Simsek, Mehmet Guney Senol, Ahmet Eroglu, Ergenekon Karagoz, Hakan Tekeli, and Rifat Erdem Tugrul. “An Important Paraplegia Case Due to Synthetic Cannabinoid Bonsai Abuse”. Medical Science and Discovery 3, no. 6 (June 2016): 266-9. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.94547.
EndNote Demir S, Simsek H, Senol MG, Eroglu A, Karagoz E, Tekeli H, Tugrul RE (June 1, 2016) An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse. Medical Science and Discovery 3 6 266–9.
IEEE S. Demir, H. Simsek, M. G. Senol, A. Eroglu, E. Karagoz, H. Tekeli, and R. E. Tugrul, “An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse”, Med Sci Discov, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 266–9, 2016, doi: 10.17546/msd.94547.
ISNAD Demir, Serkan et al. “An Important Paraplegia Case Due to Synthetic Cannabinoid Bonsai Abuse”. Medical Science and Discovery 3/6 (June 2016), 266-9. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.94547.
JAMA Demir S, Simsek H, Senol MG, Eroglu A, Karagoz E, Tekeli H, Tugrul RE. An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse. Med Sci Discov. 2016;3:266–9.
MLA Demir, Serkan et al. “An Important Paraplegia Case Due to Synthetic Cannabinoid Bonsai Abuse”. Medical Science and Discovery, vol. 3, no. 6, 2016, pp. 266-9, doi:10.17546/msd.94547.
Vancouver Demir S, Simsek H, Senol MG, Eroglu A, Karagoz E, Tekeli H, Tugrul RE. An important paraplegia case due to synthetic cannabinoid bonsai abuse. Med Sci Discov. 2016;3(6):266-9.