Unusual suspects of secondary diabetes and growth retardation: Bartter and Gitelman syndrome

Abstract

Bartter syndrome  and Gitelman syndrome  are rare autosomal recessive syndromes. In extremely rare cases, GS may diagnosed with growth retardation and diabetes mellitus. In this 3-case series, growth retardation was identified at 17-year follow-up of our dizygotic twin patients diagnosed with BS and glucose metabolism disorder was developed.  Whereas, 3^RD. patient diagnosed with GS in adulthood period developed diabetes mellitus after 8 years follow up. Chronic hypopotassemia has been shown to cause diabetes mellitus and growth retardation ın several articles. Potassium plays an important role in insulin, IGF-1 and growth hormone cycle. Herein, we aimed to draw attention to that, the presence of chronic hypopotassemia may precipitate to diseases such as growth retardation and diabetes mellitus over time.

Keywords

• Diabetes Mellitus,Bartter syndrome,Gitelman syndrome

References

1. 4) Bettinelli A, Bianchetti MG, Girardin E, et al. Use of calcıum excretion values tı distinguish two forms of primary renal tubuler hypokalemic alkalosis: Bartter and Gitelman syndromes. J Pediatr 1992; 120:38.
2. 5) Cruz DN, Shaer AJ, Bia MJ, et al. Gitelman’s syndrome revisited: an evaluation of symptoms and health related quality of life. Kıdney Int 2001;59:710.
3. 6) Cruz DN, Simon DB, Nelson-Williams C, et al. Mutations in the Na-Cl cotransporter reduce blood pressure in humans. Hypertension 2001; 37:1458.
4. 8) Sann L, David L, Bernheim J, François R. Hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in a case of Bartter’s syndrome. Helv Pediatr Acta 1978; 33:299
5. 9) Bettinelli A, Vigano C, Provero MC, et al. Phosphate homeostasis in Bartter syndrome: a case-control study. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:2133.
6. 10) Riveira-Munoz E, Chang Q, Godefroid N, et al. Transcriptional and functional analyses of SLC12A3 mutations: new ckues for the pathogenesis of Gitelman syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1271.
7. 1) Flyvbjerg A, Dorup I, Everts ME, Orskow H. Evidence that potassium deficiency induces growth retardation through reduced circulating levels of growth hormone ad insulin like growth factor I. Metabolism 1991;40:769-75.
8. 2) Gil-Pena H, Garcia-Lopez E, Alvares-Garcia O, Loredo V, Carbajo-Perez E, Ordonez FA, et al. Alterations of growth plate and abnormal insulin-like growth factor I metabolism in growth hormone treatment. Am J Physiol Renal Phsiol 2009;297:F639-45.

9. 3) Ruvalcaba RH, Martinez FE. Case report: familial growth hormone deficiency associated with Bartter’s syndrome. Am J Med Sci 1992;303:411-4.
10. 4) Buyukcelik M, Keskin M, Kilic BD, Kor Y, Balat A, Bartter syndrome and growth hormone deficiency: three cases. Pediatr Nephrol 2012;27:2145-8.
11. 6) Hong R, Ling Q, WeiMing W, Jun M, Wen Z, Ping YS, Hao S, Xiao L, Nan C. Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensivity in Chinese Patients with Gitelman Syndrome. Am J Nephrol 2013;37:152-157.
12. 7) Xu S, Kim JH, Hwang KH, Das R, Quan X, Nguyen TT, Kim SJ, Cha SK, Park KS. Autocrine İnsulin İncreases plasma membrane K(ATP) channel via PI3K-VAMP2 pathway in MIN6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Dec 25;468(4):752-7.
13. 1) Kurtz I. Moleculer pathogenesis of Bartter’s syndromes. Kıdney Int 1998; 54:1396.
14. 2) Simon DB, Nelson-Williams C, Bia MJ, et al.,Gitelman’s variant of Bartter’s syndrome, inherited hypokakaemic alkalosis, is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.,24.,1996,12
15. 3) Monnens L, Bındels R, Grünfeld JP.,Gitelman syndrome comes of age.,1617,1998,13
16. 7) Stein JH.,The pathogenetic spectrum of Bartter’s syndrome.,85,1985,28