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Mimarlığı “Okulsuzlaştırmak”: Mimarlık Kültürünün Demokratikleşme Sürecinde Fransa ve Çağdaş Mimarlık Müzeleri

Year 2022, Issue: 25, 39 - 67, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.56074/msgsusbd.1123724

Abstract

1960’lardan itibaren, yeni bir mimarlık kurumu olarak ortaya çıkan çağdaş mimarlık müzelerinin sayısında bir patlama gerçekleşmiştir. Bu patlamanın gerçekleşmesi ise tesadüf değildir. Kültür kavramında gerçekleşen demokratik kırılma ve bu doğrultuda hız kazanan toplumsal itki çeşitli aktörleri harekete geçirmiş, bunun sonucunda kendisini müze, merkez veya enstitü olarak adlandıran, benzer amaçları taşıyan yeni mimarlık kültürü kurumları kurulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Fransa ise bu anlamda öncü bir role sahiptir. Kültürde demokrasi ideallerine ilişkin talepler öncelikle burada ortaya çıkarak, özellikle Avrupa Konseyi ve UNESCO toplantıları aracılığıyla yayılmıştır. Bununla bağlantılı olarak mimarlığın kültürün bir ifadesi olduğu yasal düzenlemeler ile ifade edilmiş, bunun sonucunda Institut Français d’Architecture kurulmuştur. Mimarlık kültürüne dair Fransa’da alternatif eğitim kurumları olarak çalışan müze, merkez, arşiv ve enstitüleri ele alan bu makale, kuramsal altyapısını mimarlık kültürünün genişleyen alanı, demokratikleşmesi ve Ivan Illich’in “okulsuzlaştırma” kuramları üzerine kurmakta ve kültür ile kurum arasındaki ilişkileri adı geçen ülkenin kültür politikaları bağlamında incelemektedir.

References

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  • Baeker, G. (2005). Back to the future: the colloquium in context: the democratization of culture and cultural democracy. C. Andrew, M. Gattinger, M.S. Jeannotte and W. Straw (Eds.), In Accounting for culture: thinking through cultural citizenship (pp. 279-286). Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Bergdoll, B. and Thomine, A. (2002). Teaching architectural history in France: a shifting institutional landscape. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 61(4), pp. 509-518.
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  • Bruno- Jofré, R. and Zaldívar, J.I. (2012). Ivan Illich’s late critique of deschooling society: ‘ı was largely barking up the wrong tree’ Educational Theory, 62(5), pp. 573-592. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00464.x.
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  • Doğrusöz, U. (2018). 50 yıl sonra Fransa’da 68 Mayıs’ı ve mimarlık eğitim reformundaki rolü. Mimarlık, (401), ss. 16-24.
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  • Hooper Greenhill, E. (1992). Museums and the shaping of knowledge. London: Routledge.
  • Hooper Greenhill, E. (1999). The educational role of the museum. London: Routledge.
  • Illich, I. (1995). Deschooling society. Londra: Marion Boyars Publishers.
  • Jannière, H. (2002). Politiques éditoriales et architecture “moderne”. - L'émergence de nouvelles revues en France et en Italie (1923-1939). Paris: Editions Arguments.
  • Marstine, J. (ed.) (2006). Introduction. J. Marstine (Ed.), In New museum theory and practice: an introduction (pp. 1-36). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
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  • Piriou, E. C. (2017). FRAC centre, Plateau of architectural experimentation: a FRAC centre is not an architecture museum. OASE Journal of Architecture, (99), pp. 66-76.
  • Roberts, L.C. (1997). From knowledge to narrative: educators and the changing museum.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Schäfers, B. (2003). Architektursoziologie. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenshcaften(Springer).
  • Troiani, I. Ewing, S. & Periton, D. (2013). Architecture and culture: architecture’s disciplinarity. Architecture and Culture. 1(1), pp. 6-19.
  • Wood, G.H. (1982). The theoretical and political limitations of deschooling. The Journal of Education. 164(4), pp. 360-377.
  • Görsel Kaynaklar : URL-1: pariset.hypotheses.org/3588 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-2:https://bustler.net/news/6349/frau-architekt-shares-the-untold-stories-of-influential women-architects-in-germany (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-3:https://www.franceculture.fr/environnement/la-revolution-culturelle-de-lecologiepolitique-a-grenoble (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-4:https://www.lemoniteur.fr/photo/infrastructures-architecture-urbanisme-l-heritagede-valerie-giscard-d-estaing.2119849/une-grande-loi-pour-l-architecture.4 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-5:https://www.amc-archi.com/article/dans-les-archives-d-amc-1971-l-affaire-dubrutalisme,9676 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-6: https://cicarchitecture.org/2019/07/24/pierre-vago/ (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
Year 2022, Issue: 25, 39 - 67, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.56074/msgsusbd.1123724

Abstract

References

  • S. Andermann, J. and Arnold-de Simine, S. (2012). Introduction: memory, community and new museum. Theory, Culture & Society, 29 (1), pp. 3-13.
  • Baeker, G. (2005). Back to the future: the colloquium in context: the democratization of culture and cultural democracy. C. Andrew, M. Gattinger, M.S. Jeannotte and W. Straw (Eds.), In Accounting for culture: thinking through cultural citizenship (pp. 279-286). Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
  • Bergdoll, B. and Thomine, A. (2002). Teaching architectural history in France: a shifting institutional landscape. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 61(4), pp. 509-518.
  • Boudon, F., Chastel, A., Couzy, H. and Hamon, F. (1977). Système de l’architecture urbaine. le quartier des halles à Paris, 2 vol., Paris: C.N.R.S..
  • Bruno- Jofré, R. and Zaldívar, J.I. (2012). Ivan Illich’s late critique of deschooling society: ‘ı was largely barking up the wrong tree’ Educational Theory, 62(5), pp. 573-592. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00464.x.
  • Burnham, R. ve Kai-Kee, E. (2020). Müze dersleri: yorum ve deneyim (A. Onocak, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Cappellari, N. (2016). La métropole imaginaire, un Atlas de Paris : entre création et exposition. dans Éléonore Marantz (dir.), L’atelier de la recherche. Annales d’histoire de l’architecture: L’architecture en discours, actes de la journée des jeunes chercheurs en histoire de l’architecture du 29 septembre 2016, Paris, site de l’HiCSA, mis en ligne en mars 2019, pp. 133-144.
  • Cohen, J-L. (1987). The emergence of architectural research in France. Journal of Architectural Education, 40(2), pp. 10-11.
  • Cohen, J-L. (2014). Die architektursammlungen in Frankreich. Andres Lepik (Ed.), In Show & Tell: Architektur Sammeln (pp.148-171). Otsfildern: Berlin.
  • Coonan, R. (1993). Architecture centres: Pavillon de L’Arsenal, Frankfurt. Architectural Review,(1154), pp. 65-66.
  • Doğrusöz, U. (2018). 50 yıl sonra Fransa’da 68 Mayıs’ı ve mimarlık eğitim reformundaki rolü. Mimarlık, (401), ss. 16-24.
  • Draper, J. (2000). The ecole des Beaux-Arts and the architectural profession in the United States: the case of John Galen Howard. S. Kostof (Ed.), In The architect: chapters in the history of the profession. (pp. 209-237). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Fleury, L. (2014). Sociology of culture and cultural practices: the transformative power of institutions. Maryland: Lexington Books.
  • Fortier, B. (1989). La métropole imaginaire: un atlas de Paris. Liège: Mardaga.
  • Giroux, H. (1992). Border crossings: cultural workers and the politics of education. New York: Routledge.
  • Hidalgo, A. (2011). Paris, la métropole et ses projets. 11.05.2022 tarihinden https://www.apur.org/fr/nos-travaux/paris-metropole-projets adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Hooper Greenhill, E. (1992). Museums and the shaping of knowledge. London: Routledge.
  • Hooper Greenhill, E. (1999). The educational role of the museum. London: Routledge.
  • Illich, I. (1995). Deschooling society. Londra: Marion Boyars Publishers.
  • Jannière, H. (2002). Politiques éditoriales et architecture “moderne”. - L'émergence de nouvelles revues en France et en Italie (1923-1939). Paris: Editions Arguments.
  • Marstine, J. (ed.) (2006). Introduction. J. Marstine (Ed.), In New museum theory and practice: an introduction (pp. 1-36). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Muratori, S. (1960). Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia. Roma: Istituto poligrafico dello Stato.
  • Muratori, S., Bollati, R., Bollati, S. and Marinucci, G. (1963). Studi per un’operante storia urbana di Roma. Roma: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche.
  • Perrin, T. and Delvainquiére, J-C. (2016). Compendium – Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe.11.05.2022 tarihinde https://www.culturalpolicies.net/database/search-by-country/country-profile/download-profile/?id=13 adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Piriou, E. C. (2017). FRAC centre, Plateau of architectural experimentation: a FRAC centre is not an architecture museum. OASE Journal of Architecture, (99), pp. 66-76.
  • Roberts, L.C. (1997). From knowledge to narrative: educators and the changing museum.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Schäfers, B. (2003). Architektursoziologie. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenshcaften(Springer).
  • Troiani, I. Ewing, S. & Periton, D. (2013). Architecture and culture: architecture’s disciplinarity. Architecture and Culture. 1(1), pp. 6-19.
  • Wood, G.H. (1982). The theoretical and political limitations of deschooling. The Journal of Education. 164(4), pp. 360-377.
  • Görsel Kaynaklar : URL-1: pariset.hypotheses.org/3588 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-2:https://bustler.net/news/6349/frau-architekt-shares-the-untold-stories-of-influential women-architects-in-germany (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-3:https://www.franceculture.fr/environnement/la-revolution-culturelle-de-lecologiepolitique-a-grenoble (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-4:https://www.lemoniteur.fr/photo/infrastructures-architecture-urbanisme-l-heritagede-valerie-giscard-d-estaing.2119849/une-grande-loi-pour-l-architecture.4 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-5:https://www.amc-archi.com/article/dans-les-archives-d-amc-1971-l-affaire-dubrutalisme,9676 (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
  • URL-6: https://cicarchitecture.org/2019/07/24/pierre-vago/ (Erişim: 21.02.2022)
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gamze Okumuş Solmaz 0000-0002-5698-9052

Ufuk Doğrusöz This is me 0000-0003-1990-6833

Early Pub Date May 31, 2022
Publication Date May 31, 2022
Submission Date March 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Okumuş Solmaz, G., & Doğrusöz, U. (2022). Mimarlığı “Okulsuzlaştırmak”: Mimarlık Kültürünün Demokratikleşme Sürecinde Fransa ve Çağdaş Mimarlık Müzeleri. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler, 1(25), 39-67. https://doi.org/10.56074/msgsusbd.1123724