Investigation of Antiproliferative Effects of Heracleum persicum Extracts on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Line

Abstract

Heracleum persicum (H. percium) is a plant known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of the ethanolic leaf and root extracts of the plant on the human Glioblastoma Multiforme U-87MG cell line were evaluated. The leaf and root extracts were applied at concentrations of 10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, 10⁻⁵, and 10⁻⁶ mg/mL for 24 and 72 hours, and cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. The results showed that at a concentration of 10⁻¹ mg/mL for 24 hours, the leaf and root extracts caused cell death at rates of 76% and 81%, respectively. In the 72-hour application, the leaf extract at a concentration of 10⁻¹ mg/mL led to 83% cell death, while the root extract at the same concentration caused 92% cell death. These findings demonstrate that H. persicum extracts exhibit antiproliferative effects on the U-87MG cell line and suggest their potential as therapeutic agents.

Keywords

• Antiproliferative effect
• Cancer cells
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Heracleum persicum
• Plant extracts

Project Number

TUBITAK 2209-A (Project No: 1919B012221674).

Heracleum persicum Ekstraktlarının Glioblastoma Multiforme Hücre Hattı Üzerindeki Antiproliferatif Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Heracleum persicum (H. percium), anti-inflamatuvar, analjezik, antikonvülzan ve antioksidan özellikleriyle bilinen bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, bitkinin etanolik yaprak ve kök ekstrelerinin insan Glioblastoma Multiforme U-87MG hücre hattı üzerindeki antiproliferatif etkileri değerlendirildi. Yaprak ve kök ekstreleri 10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, 10⁻⁵ ve 10⁻⁶ mg/mL konsantrasyonlarında 24 ve 72 saat süreyle uygulanarak hücre canlılıkları MTT testi ile belirlendi. Sonuçlar, 10⁻¹ mg/mL konsantrasyonunda 24 saatte yaprak ve kök ekstrelerinin sırasıyla %76 ve %81 oranında hücre ölümüne neden olduğunu gösterdi. 72 saatlik uygulamada, yaprak ekstresinin 10⁻¹ mg/mL konsantrasyonu %83 oranında hücre ölümüne yol açarken, kök ekstresinin 10⁻¹ mg/mL konsantrasyonu %92 oranında hücre ölümüne neden oldu. Bu bulgular, H. persicum ekstrelerinin U-87MG hücre hattında antiproliferatif etki gösterdiğini ve potansiyel terapötik ajanlar olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• : Antiproliferatif etki
• Bitki ekstraktları
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Heracleum persicum
• Kanser hücreleri

Project Number

TUBITAK 2209-A (Project No: 1919B012221674).

References

1. [1] Keskin, E., Elmas, Ö., Aydin, H.A., Şimşek, K., Gün, E., Kalaycı, M. Glioblastome Multiforme Epidemiyolojisi, Tedavi Seçenekleri ve Sağ Kalım Süresi: Retrospektif Tek Merkezli Çalışma, Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, 5:2 248-255, 2021.[2] Brem, S., Abdullah, K.G. Glioblastoma E- Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 1 87, 2016.
2. [3] Sanli, A.M., Turkoglu, E., Dolgun, H., Sekerci, Z. Unusual manifestations of primary Glioblastoma Multiforme: A report of three cases, Surgical neurology international, 2010.
3. [4] Alifieris, C., Trafalis, D.T. Glioblastoma multiforme: Pathogenesis and treatment, Pharmacology & therapeutics, 152 63-82, 2015.
4. [5] Mann, J., Ramakrishna, R., Magge, R., Wernicke, A.G. Advances in radiotherapy for glioblastoma, Frontiers in neurology, 8 748, 2018.
5. [6] Shergalis, A., Bankhead III, A., Luesakul, U., Muangsin, N., Neamati, N. Current challenges and opportunities in treating glioblastoma, Pharmacological reviews, 70:3 412-445, 2018.
6. [7] Omuro, A., DeAngelis, L.M. Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: a clinical review. Jama, 310:17 1842-1850, 2013.
7. [8] Cragg.G.M., Newman, D.J. Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1830:6 3670-3695, 2013.
8. [9] Bozkurt, E., Atmaca, H., Uzunoğlu, S., Glioblastoma tümörlerinde çoklu ilaç direnci, Genel Tıp Dergisi, 23:4 133-143, 2013.

9. [10] Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A., Hacimuftuoglu, A., Cetin, M., Ugur, A.B., Galateanu, B., Mezhuev, Y., Okkay, U., Taspinar N., Uyanik, A., Gundogdu, B., Mohammadzadeh, M., Nalci, K.A., Stivaktakis, P., Tsaktakis, A., Jung, T.W., Jeong, J.H., El-Aty, A. A. Effect of metformin/irinotecan-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles on glioblastoma: In vitro and in vivo studies, Nanomedicine, 13:13 1595-1606, 2018.
10. [11] Sarkaria, J.N., Hu, L.S., Parney, I.F., Pafundi, D.H., Brinkmann, D.H., Laack, N.N., Giannini, C., Burns, T.C., Kizilbash, S.H., Laramy, J.K., Swanson, K.R., Kaufmann, T.J., Brown, P.D., Agar, N.Y.R., Galanis, E., Buckner, E., Elmquist, W.F. Is the blood–brain barrier really disrupted in all glioblastomas? A critical assessment of existing clinical data. Neuro-oncology, 20:2 184-191, 2018.
11. [12] Shahcheraghi, S.H., Zangui, M., Lotfi, M., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Ghorbani, A., Jaliani, H.Z., Sadeghnia, H.R., Sahebkar, A., Therapeutic potential of curcumin in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, Current pharmaceutical design, 25:3 333-342, 2019.
12. [13] Tavana, E., Mollazadeh, H., Mohtashami, E., Modaresi, S.M.S., Hosseini, A., Sabri, H., Soltani, A., Javid, H., Afshari, A.R., Sahebkar, A. Quercetin: a promising phytochemical for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, BioFactors, 46:3 356-366, 2020.
13. [14] Hajhashemi, V., Sajjadi, S.E., Heshmati, M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract in animal models, J Ethnopharmacol, 124:3 475-480, 2009.
14. [15] Sayyah, M., Moaied, S., Kamalinejad, M. Anticonvulsant activity of Heracleum persicum seed, J Ethnopharmacol, 96 209-211, 2005.
15. [16] Zheleva-Dimitrova, D., Sinan, K.I., Etienne, O. K., Ak, G., Sharmeen, J.B., Dervisoglu, G., Ozdemir, F.A., Mahomoodally, M.F., Zengin, G. Comprehensive chemical characterization and biological evaluation of two Acacia species: A. nilotica and A. ataxacantha, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 156 112446, 2021.
16. [17] Dervisoglu G., Anticancer effects of sodium selenate in human neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and melanoma cells, International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 12:1 225-234, 2025.
17. [18] Maddigan, A., Truitt, L., Arsenault, R., Freywald, T., Allonby, O., Dean, J., Narendran, A., Xiang, J., Weng, A., Napper, A., Freywald, A. EphB Receptors Trigger Akt Activation and Suppress Fas Receptor-Induced Apoptosis in Malignant T Lymphocytes, Journal of immunology, 187:11 5983-5994, 2011.
18. [19] Demirkaya, A., Gündoğdu, G., Karakaya, S., Yilmaz Taşci, Ş., Nalcı, K., Hacimüftüoğlu, A. Does umbelliferone protect primary cortical neuron cells against glutamate excitotoxicity?, Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 27:3 2021.
19. [20] Nalcı, K.A., Mete, C., Demir, Z., Bildirici, İ., Cetin, A. Promising Anticancer Activity of Pyrazole Compounds against Glioblastoma Multiforme: Their Synthesis, In vitro, and Molecular Docking Studies, Medicinal chemistry, 2025
20. [21] Çelik, N., Işcan Yapar, M., Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A., Nalcı, K. A. Influence of resveratrol application with pulp-capping materials on the genetic expression levels of stem cells, International Endodontic Journal, 53:9 1253-1263, 2020.
21. [22] Hanif, F., Muzaffar, K., Perveen, K., Malhi, S. M., Simjee, S.U. Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review of its Epidemiology and Pathogenesis through Clinical Presentation and Treatment, Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention,18:1 3, 2017.
22. [23] Majidi, Z., Lamardi, S.S. Phytochemistry and biological activities of Heracleum persicum : a review," Journal of Integrative Medicine, 16:4 223-235, 2018.
23. [24] Präbst, K., Engelhardt, H., Ringgeler, S., Hübner, H. Basic colorimetric proliferation assays: MTT, WST, and resazurin, Cell viability assays: methods and protocols, 1-17, 2017.
24. [25] Gavanji, S., Bakhtari, A., Famurewa, A.C., Othman, E.M. Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review, Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20:2 e202201098, 2023.