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Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1365598

Abstract

In this study, the strength values of a soil to which fly ash (FA) and lime additives treated were examined experimentally. In addition to the additives, the effect of using sea water as kneading water was also examined. In experimental studies, Sieve analysis, Consistency limits, Proctor Test, Unconfined compression (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on the samples. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were carried out to describe the structural properties of FA. Test results showed that the UCS and CBR values of the soil were 134 kPa and 3.1% respectively. After 28 days of curing, these values increased to 846 kPa and 16.3%, respectively, in the mixture which all additives were used together.

References

  • [1] Bilgen G. Utilization of powdered glass in lime-stabilized clayey soil with sea water. Environ Earth Sci 79 1–12, 2020.
  • [2] Shi Z, Shui Z, Li Q, Geng H., Combined effect of metakaolin and sea water on performance and microstructures of concrete. Constr Build Mater 74:57–64, 2015.
  • [3] Bilgen G. Long-term compressive strength and microstructural appraisal of seawater, lime, and waste glass powder–treated clay soils. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15, 2022. [4] Wang J, Liu E, Li L. Multiscale investigations on hydration mechanisms in seawater OPC paste. Constr Build Mater 191 891–90, 2018.
  • [5] Nishida T, Otsuki N, Ohara H, Garba-Say ZM, Nagata T. Some considerations for the applicability of seawater as mixing water in concrete. Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 27, 2015.
  • [6] Bilgen G, Kavak A. Effects of seawater on geotechnical properties of a clay soil. Fresenius Environ Bull 19:8 1623-1628, 2010.
  • [7] Kavak A, Bilgen G, Capar OF. Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag with Seawater as Soil Additives in Lime-Clay Stabilization. Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction ASTM International., 481–97, 2012.
  • [8] Bilgen G, Altuntas OF. Sustainable re-use of waste glass, cement and lime treated dredged material as pavement material. Case Studies in Construction Materials 18:e01815, 2023.
  • [9] Zeybek A, Eyin M. Experimental Study on Liquefaction Characteristics of Saturated Sands Mixed with Fly Ash and Tire Crumb Rubber. Sustainability 15 2960 2023.
  • [10] Tanyildizi M. Capillarity of Concrete Incorporating Waste Ceramic Powder. MSU Fen Bil Dergi 10 925–30, 2022.
  • [11] Zhang X, Tang Z, Ke G, Li W. Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concrete Containing Various Industrial Solid Wastes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2021.
  • [12] Skarzyńska KM. Reuse of coal mining wastes in civil engineering - Part 1: Properties of minestrone. Waste Management 15 3–42, 1995.
  • [13] Senol A, Edil T.B, Bin-Shafique M.S, Acosta H.A, Benson C.H. Soft subgrades’ stabilization by using various fly ashes. Resour Conserv Recycl 46 365–76, 2006.
  • [14] Kim K, Kim K, Kim M. Characterization of municipal solid-waste incinerator fly ash, vitrified using only end-waste glass. J Clean Prod 318:128557, 2021.
  • [15] Komonweeraket K, Cetin B, Aydilek AH, Benson CH, Edil TB. Geochemical Analysis of Leached Elements from Fly Ash Stabilized Soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 141:4015012, 2015.
  • [16] Yoobanpot N, Jamsawang P, Simarat P, Jongpradist P, Likitlersuang S. Sustainable reuse of dredged sediments as pavement materials by cement and fly ash stabilization. J Soils Sediments 20:3807–23, 2020.
  • [17] Çadir CC, Vekli M. Usage of waste marble powder and pumice powder to improve the engineering properties of soft clays. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 19 6481–90, 2022.
  • [18] Bilgen G, Houlihan M, Ryoo S, Wang Y, Aydilek AH. Hydraulic and environmental compatibility of RCA with filters and subgrades in highways. Environmental Geotechnics 10 1–13, 2023.
  • [19] Bilgen G. Utilization of powdered glass as an additive in clayey soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 3163–73, 2020.
  • [20] ASTM D854. Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer. vol. 2458000. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2000.
  • [21] ASTM D2974. Standard Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other Organic Soil. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2002.
  • [22] ASTM D4318. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, 2010.
  • [23] ASTM C136. Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2006.
  • [24] ASTM D7928. ASTM D7928 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis, 2021.
  • [25] ASTM D1557. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)), 2003.
  • [26] ASTM D2166. Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, 2013.
  • [27] ASTM D1883. Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2007.

Uçucu Kül, Kireç ve Deniz Suyu ile Stabilize Edilen Bir Zeminin Dayanım Değerleri

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1365598

Abstract

Sunulan bu çalışmada, uçucu kül (FA) ve kireç katkıları uygulanan bir zeminin dayanım değerleri, deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada katkıların etkilerinin yanında, yoğurma suyu olarak deniz suyu kullanılmasının etkisi de irdelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda, numuneler üzerinde Elek analizi, Kıvam limitleri, Proctor Deneyi, Serbest basınç (UCS) ve Kaliforniya taşıma oranı (CBR) deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca FA'nın yapısal özelliklerini belirlemek için X-ışın kırılımı (XRF), Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi (FT-IR) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri uygulanmıştır. Deney sonuçları, zeminin UCS ve CBR değerlerinin sırası ile 134 kPa ve %3,1 olduğunu, 28 günlük kür sonucunda tüm katkıların birlikte kullanıldığı karışımda bu değerlerin sırası ile 846 kPa ve %16,3 değerine yükseldiğini göstermiştir.

References

  • [1] Bilgen G. Utilization of powdered glass in lime-stabilized clayey soil with sea water. Environ Earth Sci 79 1–12, 2020.
  • [2] Shi Z, Shui Z, Li Q, Geng H., Combined effect of metakaolin and sea water on performance and microstructures of concrete. Constr Build Mater 74:57–64, 2015.
  • [3] Bilgen G. Long-term compressive strength and microstructural appraisal of seawater, lime, and waste glass powder–treated clay soils. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 15, 2022. [4] Wang J, Liu E, Li L. Multiscale investigations on hydration mechanisms in seawater OPC paste. Constr Build Mater 191 891–90, 2018.
  • [5] Nishida T, Otsuki N, Ohara H, Garba-Say ZM, Nagata T. Some considerations for the applicability of seawater as mixing water in concrete. Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 27, 2015.
  • [6] Bilgen G, Kavak A. Effects of seawater on geotechnical properties of a clay soil. Fresenius Environ Bull 19:8 1623-1628, 2010.
  • [7] Kavak A, Bilgen G, Capar OF. Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag with Seawater as Soil Additives in Lime-Clay Stabilization. Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction ASTM International., 481–97, 2012.
  • [8] Bilgen G, Altuntas OF. Sustainable re-use of waste glass, cement and lime treated dredged material as pavement material. Case Studies in Construction Materials 18:e01815, 2023.
  • [9] Zeybek A, Eyin M. Experimental Study on Liquefaction Characteristics of Saturated Sands Mixed with Fly Ash and Tire Crumb Rubber. Sustainability 15 2960 2023.
  • [10] Tanyildizi M. Capillarity of Concrete Incorporating Waste Ceramic Powder. MSU Fen Bil Dergi 10 925–30, 2022.
  • [11] Zhang X, Tang Z, Ke G, Li W. Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concrete Containing Various Industrial Solid Wastes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2021.
  • [12] Skarzyńska KM. Reuse of coal mining wastes in civil engineering - Part 1: Properties of minestrone. Waste Management 15 3–42, 1995.
  • [13] Senol A, Edil T.B, Bin-Shafique M.S, Acosta H.A, Benson C.H. Soft subgrades’ stabilization by using various fly ashes. Resour Conserv Recycl 46 365–76, 2006.
  • [14] Kim K, Kim K, Kim M. Characterization of municipal solid-waste incinerator fly ash, vitrified using only end-waste glass. J Clean Prod 318:128557, 2021.
  • [15] Komonweeraket K, Cetin B, Aydilek AH, Benson CH, Edil TB. Geochemical Analysis of Leached Elements from Fly Ash Stabilized Soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 141:4015012, 2015.
  • [16] Yoobanpot N, Jamsawang P, Simarat P, Jongpradist P, Likitlersuang S. Sustainable reuse of dredged sediments as pavement materials by cement and fly ash stabilization. J Soils Sediments 20:3807–23, 2020.
  • [17] Çadir CC, Vekli M. Usage of waste marble powder and pumice powder to improve the engineering properties of soft clays. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 19 6481–90, 2022.
  • [18] Bilgen G, Houlihan M, Ryoo S, Wang Y, Aydilek AH. Hydraulic and environmental compatibility of RCA with filters and subgrades in highways. Environmental Geotechnics 10 1–13, 2023.
  • [19] Bilgen G. Utilization of powdered glass as an additive in clayey soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 3163–73, 2020.
  • [20] ASTM D854. Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer. vol. 2458000. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2000.
  • [21] ASTM D2974. Standard Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other Organic Soil. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2002.
  • [22] ASTM D4318. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, 2010.
  • [23] ASTM C136. Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2006.
  • [24] ASTM D7928. ASTM D7928 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis, 2021.
  • [25] ASTM D1557. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)), 2003.
  • [26] ASTM D2166. Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, 2013.
  • [27] ASTM D1883. Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, 2007.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Management (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gamze Bilgen 0000-0002-2840-7369

Zekeriya Doğan 0000-0002-2721-4450

Early Pub Date June 26, 2024
Publication Date July 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bilgen, G., & Doğan, Z. (2024). Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1365598
AMA Bilgen G, Doğan Z. Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. July 2024;12(1):1-6. doi:10.18586/msufbd.1365598
Chicago Bilgen, Gamze, and Zekeriya Doğan. “Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized With Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 1 (July 2024): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1365598.
EndNote Bilgen G, Doğan Z (July 1, 2024) Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12 1 1–6.
IEEE G. Bilgen and Z. Doğan, “Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water”, MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2024, doi: 10.18586/msufbd.1365598.
ISNAD Bilgen, Gamze - Doğan, Zekeriya. “Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized With Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12/1 (July 2024), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1365598.
JAMA Bilgen G, Doğan Z. Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. 2024;12:1–6.
MLA Bilgen, Gamze and Zekeriya Doğan. “Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized With Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-6, doi:10.18586/msufbd.1365598.
Vancouver Bilgen G, Doğan Z. Strength Values of a Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash, Lime, and Sea Water. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. 2024;12(1):1-6.