Osmanlı Devleti’nde muhtarlıklar İstanbul’da 1829, taşrada ise 1833 yılında kurulmaya başlamıştır. Bu döneme kadar mahallenin yönetimini imamlar üstlenmişlerdir. Mahalledeki huzur ve asayişin temininden sorumlu olan imamlara devlet ayrıca göçle mücadele konusunda da önemli görevler vermiştir. Mahallelinin kefile bağlanması, kefilsiz göçmenlerin ihbarı, mahalleden ihraçları, kaldıkları yerlerin kontrolü, göçmenlere kiralık ev-oda verilmemesi ve bu kişilerin yerli hanımlarla nikâhlarının kıyılmaması gibi sorumlulukları bulunan imamlar, İstanbul’a göçün engellenmesinde önemli birer aktör hâline gelmişlerdir. İmamların mahalleyi daima gözetim altında tutmaları ve buradaki tüm gelişmelerden haberdar olmaları beklenmiş, zaman zaman gerçekleştirilen teftişlerde yer almışlardır. Şerʽiyye Sicillerinde, mahallelerinde kefilsiz kimsenin olmadığını devlete taahhüt eden imamların listeleri vardır. Bunun yanı sıra göçmenlerle ilgili davalarda ve arzuhâllerin değerlendirilmesinde mahalle imamlarının kendileri hakkında şahitliğine göre kararlar alınmıştır. Bu nedenle başkente göçün artmasında ya da göçmenlere dair çıkan sorunlarda zabitler ve yerel yöneticiler kadar imamlar da sorumlu tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada devletin İstanbul’a göçü önlemede
ve göçmen nüfusun kontrolü konusunda mahalle imamlarına ne gibi görevler verdiği incelenmiştir.
The muhtarlık (neihgbourhood) system in the Ottoman Empire was first established in 1829 in Istanbul and in 1833 in other provincial cities. Untill that time, the imams (local religious leaders) have undertaken the role of the representative. The state assigned important duties to the imams regarding the controlling of migrations in addition to their roles of ensuring peace and order in the neighborhoods. The imams, who had the responsibilities such as appointing guarantors to new residents, reporting immigrants with no
guarantors, controlling their residences, ensuring that unregistered immigrants were not allowed to rent rooms or to marry up with local ladies, obtained an important role in preventing the migration to Istanbul. Imams were expected to keep the neighborhoods under surveillance at all times and be aware of all the events in the territory. They sometimes took part in the inspections. Court records contain lists of imams who gave guarantee to the state that there were no immigrants without guarantors in their neighborhoods. In addition, the opinions of the neighborhood imams were usually consulted in matters regarding the immigrants and the evaluation of their petitions. For this reason, in the events of increased number of immigrations in the capital or overall with issues related to immigrants, imams were held responsible just as much as other relevant officers and local administrators. In this study, the responsibilities of the neighborhood imams determined by the state in preventing migration to Istanbul and controlling the immigrant population were examined.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Makaleler |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 7, 2021 |
Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
MUJOT publishes scientific studies such as research articles, review articles; historiographic studies, archival and monographic source publications, scholarly translation and transcriptions, bibliography and chronologies, book and thesis reviews, interviews and obituary studies along with announcements about related subjects about Turkic World particularly in the fields of language, culture, literature, history, folklore, geography and art.