Kapitalist, Sosyalist ve İslam Ahlak Ekonomilerinde Üretim-Tüketim İlişkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Normatif Bir Analiz

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kapitalist ve sosyalist ekonomik sistemlerin üretim ve tüketim ilişkilerini karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısıyla incelemekte ve bu sistemlerin sosyal adalet, gelir dağılımı ve sürdürülebilir refah gibi temel meseleleri ele alırken karşılaştıkları yapısal sınırlamaları tartışmaktadır.

Çalışma, İslam düşüncesinin merkezinde yer alan ‘İktisat’ kavramına dayanan ve ‘İktisadizm’ olarak adlandırılan özgün bir kavramsallaştırma önermektedir. İktisadizm’e yönelik bu yaklaşım, ekonomik sistemin temel unsurları olarak Kuran ve Sünnet’e dayanan ılımlılık, denge ve adalet ilkelerine dayalı normatif-teorik bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. İslam ekonomisini yalnızca faiz veya finansal araçların yasaklanması üzerinden değil, üretim, tüketim ve dağıtım ilişkilerini kapsayan bütüncül bir ekonomik düzen olarak yeniden incelemektedir. Ekonominin merkezinde yer alan ‘homo-islamicus’ birey modeli, ekonomik aktörü yalnızca fayda maksimizasyonunu gözeten bir özne olmaktan çıkarır; bunun yerine onu sosyal sorumluluk, ahlaki duyarlılık ve denge bilinciyle hareket eden çok boyutlu bir aktör olarak tanımlar.

Bu çalışmada Kapitalist, Sosyalist ve İktisadist sistemler, birey modeli, mülkiyet anlayışı, üretimin amacı, tüketim sınırları ve ekonomik davranışın meşruiyet kriterleri gibi ortak analitik kriterler temelinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Analizin bulguları, Kapitalist sistemin piyasa merkezli aşırılıklarına ve Sosyalist sistemdeki katı planlama ile teşvik eksikliğinden kaynaklanan sorunlara karşın, İktisadizm’in dengeleyici bir ahlaki çerçeve sunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda İktisadizm, modern dünyada ekonomik faaliyeti ve ahlaki sorumluluğu bir araya getirmeyi amaçlayan, insan merkezli ve normatif bir ekonomik bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• İktisadizm
• İslam ahlak ekonomisi
• Kapitalizm
• Sosyalizm
• Üretim-tüketim ilişkileri

Production-Consumption Relationships in Capitalist, Socialist and Islamic Moral Economics: A Comparative Normative Analysis

Abstract

This study examines the production and consumption relationships of Capitalist and Socialist economic systems from a comparative perspective, discussing the structural limitations of these systems in addressing fundamental issues such as social justice, income distribution, and sustainable welfare.

The study proposes a unique conceptualisation called “Iqtisadism”, based on the concept of “Iqtisad” at the heart of Islamic thought. This approach to Iqtisadism offers a normative-theoretical perspective based on the principles of moderation, balance, and justice, rooted in the Qur’an and Sunnah, as the founding elements of the economic system. It re-examines Islamic economics not merely through the prohibition of interest or financial instruments, but as a holistic economic order encompassing production, consumption, and distribution relationships. The homo-islamicus individual model at the heart of economics removes the economic actor from being a subject solely pursuing utility maximisation, defining them instead as a multidimensional actor acting with social responsibility, moral sensitivity and a sense of balance.

In this study Capitalist, Socialist and Iqtisadist systems are compared based on common analytical criteria such as the individual model, understanding of property, purpose of production, consumption limits and legitimacy criteria for economic behaviour. The findings of the analysis show that, in contrast to the market-centred excesses of the Capitalist system and the problems arising from the rigid planning and lack of incentives in the Socialist system, Iqtisadism offers a balancing moral framework. In this context, Iqtisadism offers a human-centred and normative economic perspective that aims to bring together economic activity and moral responsibility in the modern world.

Keywords

• Iqtisadism
• Islamic moral economics
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Production-consumption relations

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