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The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey

Year 2021, Issue: 91, 185 - 198, 05.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.842340

Abstract

This article analyses the impact of sales growth on the association between operating leverage and
financial performance. Using a sample of 200 firms listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange over the period from 2008
to 2017, we find that operating leverage has a negative effect on profitability, and that the negative effect of
operating leverage is stronger (weaker) for firms with low (high) sales growth. It implies that sales growth
mitigates the negative impact of operating leverage on profitability. These results confirm that firms with high
operating leverage should increase sales level to enhance their financial performance. 

References

  • Bilen, Abdulkadir – Kalash, Ismail (2020), “The Effect of Firms’ Financial Leverage and Risk Levels on Profitability: An Empirical Investigation of Service Firms in Istanbul Stock Exchange”, The World of Accounting Science, 22(2), pp. 258-275.
  • Chandra, Teddy – Junaedi, Achmad Tavip – Wijaya, Evelyn – Suharti, Suharti – Mimelientesa, Irman – Ng, Martha (2019), “The effect of capital structure on profitability and stock returns: Empirical analysis of firms listed in Kompas 100”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 12(2), pp. 74-89.
  • Chen, Huafeng – Li, Pengfei (2018), “Another Look at Operating Leverage and Stock Returns”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3156859.
  • Chen, Zhiyao - Harford, Jarrad – Kamara, Avraham (2019), “Operating Leverage, Profitability, and Capital Structure”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(1), pp. 369-392.
  • Dagogo, Daibi W. (2014), “Degree of Operating Leverage, Contribution Margin and the Risk-Return Profile of Emerging Companies: Evidence from Nigeria”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(12), pp. 148-156.
  • Dawar, Varun (2014), “Agency theory, capital structure and firm performance: Some Indian evidence”, Managerial Finance, 40(12), pp. 1190-1206.
  • Dayi, Faruk (2019), “The Effect of Operating Leverage Degree on Revenues: An Application in Airlines”, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(3), pp. 923-941.
  • Detthamrong, Umawadee – Chancharat, Nongnit – Vithessonthi, Chaiporn (2017), “Corporate governance, capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Thailand”, Research in International Business and Finance, 42, pp. 689-709.
  • Doğan, Mesut (2013), “Relations Between the Profitability and Capital Structure of Insurance Companies: An Analysis Over Turkish Capital Market”, The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 57, pp. 121-136.
  • Er, Hakan – Kaya, İbrahim (2012), “The Relationship Between Accounting Beta and CAPM: Evidence from Turkey”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(2), pp. 233-243.
  • Horne, James C. Van – Wachowicz, John M. (2008), Fundamentals of Financial Management, Pearson Education Limited, England.
  • Fama, Eugene. F. – French, Kenneth, R. (2002), “Testing Trade-Off and Pecking Order Predictions about Dividends and Debt”, Review of Financial Studies, 15(1), pp. 1-33.
  • García-Feijóo, Luis – Jorgensen, Randy D. (2010), “Can Operating Leverage Be the Cause of the Value Premium?”, Financial Management, 39(3), pp. 1127-1153.
  • García-Feijóo, Luis – Jansen, Benjamin A. (2020), “Operating Leverage and Stock Returns: International Evidence”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3646542.
  • Gharsalli, Mazen (2019), “High leverage and variance of SMEs performance”, The Journal of Risk Finance, 20(2), pp. 155-175.
  • Grau, Alfredo – Reig, Araceli (2020), “Operating leverage and profitability of SMEs: agri-food industry in Europe”, Small Bus Econ, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00294-y.
  • Houmes, Robert E – MacArthur, John B – Stranahan, Harriet (2012), “The operating leverage impact on systematic risk within a context of choice: An analysis of the US trucking industry”, Managerial Finance, 38(12), pp. 1184 – 1202.
  • Huffman, Stephen P. (1989), “The Impact of the Degrees of Operating and Financial Leverage on the Systematic Risk of Common Stocks: Another Look”, Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 28(1), pp. 83-100.
  • Işık, Ozcan (2017), “Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Real Sector Firms Listed in Borsa Istanbul”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(4), pp. 689-698.
  • Johnstone, David (2020), “Fama’s Ratio and the Effect of Operating Leverage on the Cost of Capital Under CAPM”, Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies, 56(2), pp. 268-287.
  • Karadeniz, Erdinç – Kaplan, Fatih (2016), “The Effect of Capital Structure Decisions on Profitability: A Research on Borsa İstanbul Tourism Companies”, Journal of Travel and Hospitality Management, 13(3), pp. 38-55.
  • Kartal, Ali – Gündüz, Erdin - Sevim, Adnan (2013), Maliyet Yönetimi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Turkey.
  • Kebewar, Mazen (2013), “Does debt affect profitability? An empirical study of French trade sector”, available at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00780310.
  • Khan, Masood Ahmad – Ishtiaq, Muhammad – Shamim, Anisa – Subhani, Samra (2017), “Evaluation of Firm Performance on The Basis of Leverage Factors: Evidence from Service Sector of Pakistan”, International Conference on Management, Business & Technology (ICMBT-2017), 12-15 March, Lahore.
  • Külter, Banu – Demirgüneş, Kartal (2007), “Perakendeci Firmalarda Karliliği Etkileyen Değişkenler: Hisse Senetleri İMKB’de İşlem Gören Perakendeci Firmalar Üzerinde Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), ss. 445-460.
  • Le, Thi Phuong Vy – Phan, Thi Bich Nguyet (2017), “Capital structure and firm performance: Empirical evidence from a small transition country”, Research in International Business and Finance, 42, pp. 710-726.
  • Lord, Richard R. (1996), “The Impact of Operating and Financial Risk on Equity Risk”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 20(3), pp. 27-38.
  • Rhee, S. Ghon – Mandelker, Gershon N. (1984), “The Impact of The Degree of Operating and Financial Leverage on Systematic Risk of Common Stock”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 19(1), pp. 45-57.
  • Medeiros, Otavio Ribeiro de – Lustosa, Paulo Roberto Barbosa – Dantas, Jose Alves (2006), “The Impact of the Degree of Operating Leverage on Stock Returns: An Empirical Study in the Brazilian Market”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=891846.
  • Mensah, Yaw M. (1992), “Adjusted Accounting Beta, Operating Leverage and Financial Leverage as Determinants of Market Beta: A synthesis and empirical evaluation”, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2, pp. 187-203.
  • Myers, Stewart. C. (1977), “Determinants of Corporate Borrowing”, Journal of Financial Economics 5, pp. 147-175.
  • Olokoyo, Felicia Omowunmi (2013), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance of Nigerian Quoted Firms: A Panel Data Approach”, African Development Review, 25(3), pp. 358–369.
  • Lee, Soin – Park, Sang-Bum (2014), “A Study on the Association between Operating Leverage and Risk: The Case of the Airline Industry”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(3), 120-125.
  • Salim, Mahfuzah – Yadav, Raj (2012), “Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Listed Companies”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 65, pp. 156 – 166.
  • Soumadi, Mustafa M – Hayajneh, Osama Suhail (2012), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance Empirical Study on The Public Jordanian Shareholdings Firms Listed in The Amman Stock Market”, European Scientific Journal, pp. 173-189.
  • Titman, Sherida - Wessels, Robert (1988), “The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice”, Journal of Finance, 43(1), pp. 1-19.
  • Vătavu, Sorana (2015), “The Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance in Romanian Listed Companies”, Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and Business, 32, pp. 1314 – 1322.
  • Wahba, Hayam (2014), “Capital Structure, Managerial Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from Egypt”, Journal of Management and Governance, 18(4), pp. 1041-1061.
  • Zabolotnyy, Serhiy – Wasilewski, Mirosław (2018), “Operating and Financial Leverage as Risk Measures in Agricultural Companies”, Problems of Agricultural Economics, 1(354), pp. 113-128.
  • Zeitun, Rami - Gary Gang, Tian (2007), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Jordan”, Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 1(4), pp. 40-61.
  • Zhao, Chunguang – Song, Hang – Chen, Wanyi (2016), “Can Social Responsibility Reduce Operational Risk: Empirical Analysis of Chinese Listed Companies”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 112, pp. 145-154.

Faaliyet Kaldıracının Finansal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemede Satış Büyümesinin Rolü: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Issue: 91, 185 - 198, 05.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.842340

Abstract

Bu çalışma, satış büyümesinin faaliyet kaldıracı ile finansal performans arasındaki ilişki üzerinde etkisini
analiz etmektedir. Borsa İstanbul’da (BİST) 2008-2017 yılları arasında işlem gören 200 firma verilerini
kullanarak, faaliyet kaldıracının karlılık üzerindeki etkisinin negatif olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Dahası, düşük
(yüksek) satışlar büyümesine sahip olan firmalar için faaliyet kaldıracının olumsuz etkisinin daha güçlü (daha
zayıf) olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, satışlar büyümesinin faaliyet kaldıracının karlılık üzerindeki
olumsuz etkisini azalttığı anlaşılabilir. Yüksek faaliyet kaldıracına sahip firmaların finansal performansını
artırmak için satış düzeyleri yükseltilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Faaliyet Kaldıracı, S

References

  • Bilen, Abdulkadir – Kalash, Ismail (2020), “The Effect of Firms’ Financial Leverage and Risk Levels on Profitability: An Empirical Investigation of Service Firms in Istanbul Stock Exchange”, The World of Accounting Science, 22(2), pp. 258-275.
  • Chandra, Teddy – Junaedi, Achmad Tavip – Wijaya, Evelyn – Suharti, Suharti – Mimelientesa, Irman – Ng, Martha (2019), “The effect of capital structure on profitability and stock returns: Empirical analysis of firms listed in Kompas 100”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 12(2), pp. 74-89.
  • Chen, Huafeng – Li, Pengfei (2018), “Another Look at Operating Leverage and Stock Returns”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3156859.
  • Chen, Zhiyao - Harford, Jarrad – Kamara, Avraham (2019), “Operating Leverage, Profitability, and Capital Structure”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 54(1), pp. 369-392.
  • Dagogo, Daibi W. (2014), “Degree of Operating Leverage, Contribution Margin and the Risk-Return Profile of Emerging Companies: Evidence from Nigeria”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(12), pp. 148-156.
  • Dawar, Varun (2014), “Agency theory, capital structure and firm performance: Some Indian evidence”, Managerial Finance, 40(12), pp. 1190-1206.
  • Dayi, Faruk (2019), “The Effect of Operating Leverage Degree on Revenues: An Application in Airlines”, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(3), pp. 923-941.
  • Detthamrong, Umawadee – Chancharat, Nongnit – Vithessonthi, Chaiporn (2017), “Corporate governance, capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Thailand”, Research in International Business and Finance, 42, pp. 689-709.
  • Doğan, Mesut (2013), “Relations Between the Profitability and Capital Structure of Insurance Companies: An Analysis Over Turkish Capital Market”, The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 57, pp. 121-136.
  • Er, Hakan – Kaya, İbrahim (2012), “The Relationship Between Accounting Beta and CAPM: Evidence from Turkey”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(2), pp. 233-243.
  • Horne, James C. Van – Wachowicz, John M. (2008), Fundamentals of Financial Management, Pearson Education Limited, England.
  • Fama, Eugene. F. – French, Kenneth, R. (2002), “Testing Trade-Off and Pecking Order Predictions about Dividends and Debt”, Review of Financial Studies, 15(1), pp. 1-33.
  • García-Feijóo, Luis – Jorgensen, Randy D. (2010), “Can Operating Leverage Be the Cause of the Value Premium?”, Financial Management, 39(3), pp. 1127-1153.
  • García-Feijóo, Luis – Jansen, Benjamin A. (2020), “Operating Leverage and Stock Returns: International Evidence”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3646542.
  • Gharsalli, Mazen (2019), “High leverage and variance of SMEs performance”, The Journal of Risk Finance, 20(2), pp. 155-175.
  • Grau, Alfredo – Reig, Araceli (2020), “Operating leverage and profitability of SMEs: agri-food industry in Europe”, Small Bus Econ, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00294-y.
  • Houmes, Robert E – MacArthur, John B – Stranahan, Harriet (2012), “The operating leverage impact on systematic risk within a context of choice: An analysis of the US trucking industry”, Managerial Finance, 38(12), pp. 1184 – 1202.
  • Huffman, Stephen P. (1989), “The Impact of the Degrees of Operating and Financial Leverage on the Systematic Risk of Common Stocks: Another Look”, Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 28(1), pp. 83-100.
  • Işık, Ozcan (2017), “Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Real Sector Firms Listed in Borsa Istanbul”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(4), pp. 689-698.
  • Johnstone, David (2020), “Fama’s Ratio and the Effect of Operating Leverage on the Cost of Capital Under CAPM”, Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies, 56(2), pp. 268-287.
  • Karadeniz, Erdinç – Kaplan, Fatih (2016), “The Effect of Capital Structure Decisions on Profitability: A Research on Borsa İstanbul Tourism Companies”, Journal of Travel and Hospitality Management, 13(3), pp. 38-55.
  • Kartal, Ali – Gündüz, Erdin - Sevim, Adnan (2013), Maliyet Yönetimi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Turkey.
  • Kebewar, Mazen (2013), “Does debt affect profitability? An empirical study of French trade sector”, available at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00780310.
  • Khan, Masood Ahmad – Ishtiaq, Muhammad – Shamim, Anisa – Subhani, Samra (2017), “Evaluation of Firm Performance on The Basis of Leverage Factors: Evidence from Service Sector of Pakistan”, International Conference on Management, Business & Technology (ICMBT-2017), 12-15 March, Lahore.
  • Külter, Banu – Demirgüneş, Kartal (2007), “Perakendeci Firmalarda Karliliği Etkileyen Değişkenler: Hisse Senetleri İMKB’de İşlem Gören Perakendeci Firmalar Üzerinde Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1), ss. 445-460.
  • Le, Thi Phuong Vy – Phan, Thi Bich Nguyet (2017), “Capital structure and firm performance: Empirical evidence from a small transition country”, Research in International Business and Finance, 42, pp. 710-726.
  • Lord, Richard R. (1996), “The Impact of Operating and Financial Risk on Equity Risk”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 20(3), pp. 27-38.
  • Rhee, S. Ghon – Mandelker, Gershon N. (1984), “The Impact of The Degree of Operating and Financial Leverage on Systematic Risk of Common Stock”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 19(1), pp. 45-57.
  • Medeiros, Otavio Ribeiro de – Lustosa, Paulo Roberto Barbosa – Dantas, Jose Alves (2006), “The Impact of the Degree of Operating Leverage on Stock Returns: An Empirical Study in the Brazilian Market”, available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=891846.
  • Mensah, Yaw M. (1992), “Adjusted Accounting Beta, Operating Leverage and Financial Leverage as Determinants of Market Beta: A synthesis and empirical evaluation”, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2, pp. 187-203.
  • Myers, Stewart. C. (1977), “Determinants of Corporate Borrowing”, Journal of Financial Economics 5, pp. 147-175.
  • Olokoyo, Felicia Omowunmi (2013), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance of Nigerian Quoted Firms: A Panel Data Approach”, African Development Review, 25(3), pp. 358–369.
  • Lee, Soin – Park, Sang-Bum (2014), “A Study on the Association between Operating Leverage and Risk: The Case of the Airline Industry”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(3), 120-125.
  • Salim, Mahfuzah – Yadav, Raj (2012), “Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Listed Companies”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 65, pp. 156 – 166.
  • Soumadi, Mustafa M – Hayajneh, Osama Suhail (2012), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance Empirical Study on The Public Jordanian Shareholdings Firms Listed in The Amman Stock Market”, European Scientific Journal, pp. 173-189.
  • Titman, Sherida - Wessels, Robert (1988), “The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice”, Journal of Finance, 43(1), pp. 1-19.
  • Vătavu, Sorana (2015), “The Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance in Romanian Listed Companies”, Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and Business, 32, pp. 1314 – 1322.
  • Wahba, Hayam (2014), “Capital Structure, Managerial Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from Egypt”, Journal of Management and Governance, 18(4), pp. 1041-1061.
  • Zabolotnyy, Serhiy – Wasilewski, Mirosław (2018), “Operating and Financial Leverage as Risk Measures in Agricultural Companies”, Problems of Agricultural Economics, 1(354), pp. 113-128.
  • Zeitun, Rami - Gary Gang, Tian (2007), “Capital Structure and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Jordan”, Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 1(4), pp. 40-61.
  • Zhao, Chunguang – Song, Hang – Chen, Wanyi (2016), “Can Social Responsibility Reduce Operational Risk: Empirical Analysis of Chinese Listed Companies”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 112, pp. 145-154.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İsmail Kalash 0000-0002-0674-0136

Abdulkadir Bilen 0000-0002-2619-9391

Publication Date July 5, 2021
Submission Date December 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 91

Cite

APA Kalash, İ., & Bilen, A. (2021). The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Accounting and Finance(91), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.842340
AMA Kalash İ, Bilen A. The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Accounting and Finance. July 2021;(91):185-198. doi:10.25095/mufad.842340
Chicago Kalash, İsmail, and Abdulkadir Bilen. “The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey”. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, no. 91 (July 2021): 185-98. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.842340.
EndNote Kalash İ, Bilen A (July 1, 2021) The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Accounting and Finance 91 185–198.
IEEE İ. Kalash and A. Bilen, “The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey”, The Journal of Accounting and Finance, no. 91, pp. 185–198, July 2021, doi: 10.25095/mufad.842340.
ISNAD Kalash, İsmail - Bilen, Abdulkadir. “The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey”. The Journal of Accounting and Finance 91 (July 2021), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.842340.
JAMA Kalash İ, Bilen A. The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Accounting and Finance. 2021;:185–198.
MLA Kalash, İsmail and Abdulkadir Bilen. “The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey”. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, no. 91, 2021, pp. 185-98, doi:10.25095/mufad.842340.
Vancouver Kalash İ, Bilen A. The Role of Sales Growth in Determining the Effect of Operating Leverage on Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Accounting and Finance. 2021(91):185-98.