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TFRS 17 Sigorta Sözleşmeleri Standardında Aktüeryal Değerleme Yönteminin Uygulaması

Year 2025, Issue: 108, 169 - 202, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1778316

Abstract

TFRS 17, küresel sigorta sektöründe şeffaflığı, tutarlılığı ve karşılaştırılabilirliği artırmayı amaçlayan kapsamlı bir finansal raporlama standardıdır. Standart, sigorta sözleşmelerinin muhasebeleştirilmesinde köklü bir değişim getirerek, gelecekteki nakit akışlarının bugünkü değerine indirgenmesini, finansal olmayan riskler için ayrı bir risk düzeltmesinin hesaplanmasını ve henüz gerçekleşmemiş kârların Sözleşmesel Hizmet Marjı (Contractual Service Margin – CSM) aracılığıyla sistematik biçimde raporlanmasını öngörmektedir. TFRS 17’nin uygulanması, sigorta yükümlülüklerinin değerlemesinde aktüeryal yöntemlere dayalı ölçüm tekniklerinin kullanılmasını zorunlu kılmakta ve bu durum hem finansal raporlama süreçlerini hem de risk yönetimi uygulamalarını derinden etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, aktüeryal tekniklerin TFRS 17’nin üç temel ölçüm modeli olan Genel Ölçüm Modeli (General Measurement Model – GMM), Prim Tahsis Yöntemi (Premium Allocation Approach – PAA) ve Değişken Ücret Yöntemi (Variable Fee Approach – VFA) kapsamında nasıl kullanıldığını örnek bir uygulama üzerinden açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca, aktüerlerin model geliştirme, varsayım belirleme, risk düzeltmesinin ölçülmesi ve CSM’nin amortismanının hesaplanması süreçlerindeki kritik rollerine odaklanarak, standardın uygulama boyutuna bütüncül bir bakış sunmaktadır.

References

  • CAS Monograph (2021) – PAA Eligibility and Comparison to GMM, https://www.casact.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/6I_EY_PAA_Eligibility.pdf#:~:text=Liability%20for%20remaining%20coverage%20Liability,onerous%20and%20acquisition%20costs%20are, (Date of access: 28.02.2025).
  • Çağıl, Gökhan- Tunç, Cem (2022). “Türk sigortacılık sektöründe UFRS 17’ye geçiş süreci ve sigorta şirketlerine olası etkileri”. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 14/26, 55-101, doi: 10.14784/marufacd.1055182.
  • Dawgen Global- Deep dive into IFRS 17’s three models. https://www.dawgen.global/understanding-insurance-contract-accounting-a-deep-dive-into-ifrs-17s-three-models/#:~:text=1,CSM, (Date of access: 28.01.2025).
  • EFRAG (2017. Illustrative example on variable fee approach, https://www.efrag.org/system/files/sites/webpublishing/Meeting%20Documents/1607180831373302/02-02%20-%20IFRS%2017%20Insurance%20Contracts%20-%20illustrative%20example%20on%20the%20Variable%20fee%20approach%20-%20TEG%2017-02-23.pdf#:~:text=8%20Thus%2C%20the%20VFA%20is,from%20the%20underlying%20items%3B%20and, (Date of access: 28.02.2025).
  • Grant Thornton (2020). IFRS 17 Knowledge series: GMM unwrapped and VFA explained,https://www.grantthornton.in/globalassets/1.-member-firms/india/assets/pdfs/financial-services-knowledge-series-on-ifrs-17-general-measurement-model-volume-ii.pdf#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Risk%20adjustment%3A%20Risk%20adjustment,the%20expected, (Date of access: 28.12.2024).
  • IFRS 17. Insurance Contracts, https://www.pwc.at/de/newsletter/ifrs/musterabschluesse/2023/illustrative_ifrs_consolidated_financial_statements_ifrs17_insurance-contracts_at.pdf, (Date of access: 28.12.2024).
  • International Actuarial Note 100, Application of IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, https://www.actuaries.org/IAA/Documents/Publications/IANs/IAN_100_IFRS_17_Insurance_Contracts.pdf, (Date of access: 15.01.2025).
  • International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 17 (2022). https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/IFRS17_IE_1-22.pdf#:~:text=paragraphs%2036%20and%20B72%28a%29,IE97%20IFRS%2017%20IE, (Date of access: 15.01.2025).
  • Oğuz, Mustafa (2019). “UFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri kapsamında öngörülen ölçüm yaklaşımlarından genel model yaklaşımı ve bir uygulama”. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 14/51, 190-215, doi: 10.14783/maruoneri.vi.522066.
  • Özyiğit, Hüseyin- Ekergil, Vedat (2023). “TFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri: kâr veya zarara göre sözleşmeye dayalı hizmet marjının değerlendirilmesi”. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15 (2), 1223-1243. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2023.1646
  • Society of Actuaries (2021). – IFRS 17: PAA and related disclosure requirements, https://www.soa.org/sections/financial-reporting/financial-reporting-newsletter/2021/june/fr-2021-06-cheung/#:~:text=,LRC%20calculated%20at%20initial%20recognition, (Date of access: 18.01.2025)
  • TFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri. https://www.kgk.gov.tr/Portalv2Uploads/files/Duyurular/v2/TMS_TFRS_Setleri/2024/Kirmizi_Kitap/TFRS/TFRS%2017.pdf, (Date of access: 28.12.2024)

Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard

Year 2025, Issue: 108, 169 - 202, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1778316

Abstract

IFRS 17 represents a comprehensive financial reporting standard that aims to enhance transparency, consistency, and comparability across the global insurance industry. The standard introduces a fundamental shift in the accounting of insurance contracts by requiring the discounting of future cash flows to present value, the explicit adjustment for non-financial risks, and the systematic recognition of unearned profits through the Contractual Service Margin (CSM). The implementation of IFRS 17 necessitates the use of actuarial measurement techniques in valuing insurance liabilities, significantly influencing both financial reporting and risk management practices. This study provides a detailed explanation of how actuarial techniques are applied within the three core measurement models of IFRS 17—the General Measurement Model (GMM), the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA), and the Variable Fee Approach (VFA)—through an illustrative example. Furthermore, it examines the crucial roles of actuaries in model development, assumption setting, risk adjustment measurement, and CSM amortization, offering a comprehensive perspective on the practical implementation of the standard.

References

  • CAS Monograph (2021) – PAA Eligibility and Comparison to GMM, https://www.casact.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/6I_EY_PAA_Eligibility.pdf#:~:text=Liability%20for%20remaining%20coverage%20Liability,onerous%20and%20acquisition%20costs%20are, (Date of access: 28.02.2025).
  • Çağıl, Gökhan- Tunç, Cem (2022). “Türk sigortacılık sektöründe UFRS 17’ye geçiş süreci ve sigorta şirketlerine olası etkileri”. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 14/26, 55-101, doi: 10.14784/marufacd.1055182.
  • Dawgen Global- Deep dive into IFRS 17’s three models. https://www.dawgen.global/understanding-insurance-contract-accounting-a-deep-dive-into-ifrs-17s-three-models/#:~:text=1,CSM, (Date of access: 28.01.2025).
  • EFRAG (2017. Illustrative example on variable fee approach, https://www.efrag.org/system/files/sites/webpublishing/Meeting%20Documents/1607180831373302/02-02%20-%20IFRS%2017%20Insurance%20Contracts%20-%20illustrative%20example%20on%20the%20Variable%20fee%20approach%20-%20TEG%2017-02-23.pdf#:~:text=8%20Thus%2C%20the%20VFA%20is,from%20the%20underlying%20items%3B%20and, (Date of access: 28.02.2025).
  • Grant Thornton (2020). IFRS 17 Knowledge series: GMM unwrapped and VFA explained,https://www.grantthornton.in/globalassets/1.-member-firms/india/assets/pdfs/financial-services-knowledge-series-on-ifrs-17-general-measurement-model-volume-ii.pdf#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Risk%20adjustment%3A%20Risk%20adjustment,the%20expected, (Date of access: 28.12.2024).
  • IFRS 17. Insurance Contracts, https://www.pwc.at/de/newsletter/ifrs/musterabschluesse/2023/illustrative_ifrs_consolidated_financial_statements_ifrs17_insurance-contracts_at.pdf, (Date of access: 28.12.2024).
  • International Actuarial Note 100, Application of IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts, https://www.actuaries.org/IAA/Documents/Publications/IANs/IAN_100_IFRS_17_Insurance_Contracts.pdf, (Date of access: 15.01.2025).
  • International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 17 (2022). https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/IFRS17_IE_1-22.pdf#:~:text=paragraphs%2036%20and%20B72%28a%29,IE97%20IFRS%2017%20IE, (Date of access: 15.01.2025).
  • Oğuz, Mustafa (2019). “UFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri kapsamında öngörülen ölçüm yaklaşımlarından genel model yaklaşımı ve bir uygulama”. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 14/51, 190-215, doi: 10.14783/maruoneri.vi.522066.
  • Özyiğit, Hüseyin- Ekergil, Vedat (2023). “TFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri: kâr veya zarara göre sözleşmeye dayalı hizmet marjının değerlendirilmesi”. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15 (2), 1223-1243. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2023.1646
  • Society of Actuaries (2021). – IFRS 17: PAA and related disclosure requirements, https://www.soa.org/sections/financial-reporting/financial-reporting-newsletter/2021/june/fr-2021-06-cheung/#:~:text=,LRC%20calculated%20at%20initial%20recognition, (Date of access: 18.01.2025)
  • TFRS 17 Sigorta sözleşmeleri. https://www.kgk.gov.tr/Portalv2Uploads/files/Duyurular/v2/TMS_TFRS_Setleri/2024/Kirmizi_Kitap/TFRS/TFRS%2017.pdf, (Date of access: 28.12.2024)
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Financial Risk Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Naim Varol 0000-0002-6040-2752

Publication Date October 15, 2025
Submission Date September 4, 2025
Acceptance Date October 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 108

Cite

APA Varol, N. (2025). Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard. Muhasebe Ve Finansman Dergisi(108), 169-202. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1778316
AMA Varol N. Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. October 2025;(108):169-202. doi:10.25095/mufad.1778316
Chicago Varol, Naim. “Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard”. Muhasebe Ve Finansman Dergisi, no. 108 (October 2025): 169-202. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1778316.
EndNote Varol N (October 1, 2025) Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi 108 169–202.
IEEE N. Varol, “Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, no. 108, pp. 169–202, October2025, doi: 10.25095/mufad.1778316.
ISNAD Varol, Naim. “Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard”. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi 108 (October2025), 169-202. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1778316.
JAMA Varol N. Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. 2025;:169–202.
MLA Varol, Naim. “Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard”. Muhasebe Ve Finansman Dergisi, no. 108, 2025, pp. 169-02, doi:10.25095/mufad.1778316.
Vancouver Varol N. Application of Actuarial Valuation Method in TFRS 17 Insurance Contracts Standard. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi. 2025(108):169-202.