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YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYIL AVRUPA’SININ DEMOKRATİK DEĞERLERLE SINAVI

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 53, 149 - 163, 03.04.2018

Abstract

Yirminci yüzyıl Avrupa devletlerinin, yaklaşık on dördüncü yüzyıl Rönesans ve Reform
hareketlerinden itibaren gerçekleşen Coğraf
Keşifer, askeri, bilimsel ve sanayi devrimleri
vasıtasıyla, Aydınlanma Çağı olarak nitelendirilen on sekizinci yüzyıla değin sürekli ilerlemeci bir çizgide gelişme gösterdikleri genel kabul
görmektedir. On sekizinci yüzyıl aydınlanma
bilincinin “Aydınlanma Nedir?” sorusuyla sorgulanmaya ve şekillenmeye başladığı dönem
olarak da adlandırılabilir. Avrupa devletlerinin
belki hemen her biri kendisini böyle bir Avrupa
medeniyetinin mirasçısı saymaktaydı. Fakat
yirminci yüzyıl, Avrupa devletlerinin asırlardır
biriktirdikleri maddi ve manevi değerleri birbirleriyle ve dünyanın diğer ülkeleriyle paylaştıkları bir çağ olarak anılmayacaktı. Yirminci
yüzyılın ilk yarısı daha çok Avrupa’nın dünya
sermayesini ele geçirmeye çalışan Avrupa medeniyeti mirasçılarının ‘taht kavgası’na şahit
olurken, “en güçlünün hakimiyeti”ne dayalı evrimci bir düşünce, farklılıkları kendi içerisinde
barındırmayı başarabilmiş her türlü düşünce
ve sistemin ötesine geçerek, Avrupa’da faşist
rejimlerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştı.

References

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  • CALHOUN, C., “Introduction: Habermas and the Public Sphere,” Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. by Craig Calhoun, the MIT Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992, pp 1-51.
  • DELANTY, G., “Europe in the Short Twentieth Century: Conflicting Projects of Modernity” Formations of European Modernity: A Historical and Political Sociology of Europe, Palgrave Machmillan, University of Sussex, UK, 2013, pp. 215-243.
  • FOUCAULT, M., “What is Enlightenment?” in The Foucault Reader, ed. by. Paul Rabinow, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50.
  • HABERMAS, J., Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü, çev. Tanıl Bora, Mithat Sancar, İletişim Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • HARPHAM, G. G., “So… What is Enlightenment? An Inquisition into Modernity,” Critical Inquiry, vol 20, no 3, Spring, 1994, pp. 524-556.
  • HOBSBAWM, E., The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991, Vintage Books, 1994.
  • HUNTINGTON, S. P., “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, Summer, 1993, pp. 22-49.
  • KANT, I., “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment,” What is Enlightenment?: Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth Century Questions, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
  • MAZOWER, M., “The Deserted Temple: Democracies Rise and Fall” Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century, Penguin Books, 1999, pp. 1-39.
  • MILL, J. S., On Liberty, Batoche Books, Kitchener, 2001.
  • PAXTON, R. O., “The Five Stages of Fascism”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 70, NO. 1, The University of Chicago Press, JStor, 1998, pp. 1-23.
  • QUADANGO, J., “Theories of the Welfare State,” Annual Review of Sociology, vol 13, 1987, pp. 109-128.
  • RAWLS, J., “Preface for the Revised Edition,” A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition, Harward University Press, 1999, pp xi-xvii.
  • SKINNER, Q., “The State,” Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. by. Terence Ball, James Farr, Russell L. Hanson, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 90-132.
  • VINCENT, A., The Nature of Political Theory, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • VIROLI, M., “The Revolution in the Concept of Politics,” Political Theory, vol 20, no 3, August, 1992, pp. 473-495.
  • VIVARELLI, R., “Interpretations on the Origins of Fascism” The Journal of Modern History, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 63, No.1, JStor,1991, pp. 29-43.
Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 53, 149 - 163, 03.04.2018

Abstract

References

  • ARENDT, H., The Origins of Totalitarianism, Benedicton Classics, 2009.
  • CALHOUN, C., “Introduction: Habermas and the Public Sphere,” Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. by Craig Calhoun, the MIT Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992, pp 1-51.
  • DELANTY, G., “Europe in the Short Twentieth Century: Conflicting Projects of Modernity” Formations of European Modernity: A Historical and Political Sociology of Europe, Palgrave Machmillan, University of Sussex, UK, 2013, pp. 215-243.
  • FOUCAULT, M., “What is Enlightenment?” in The Foucault Reader, ed. by. Paul Rabinow, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50.
  • HABERMAS, J., Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü, çev. Tanıl Bora, Mithat Sancar, İletişim Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • HARPHAM, G. G., “So… What is Enlightenment? An Inquisition into Modernity,” Critical Inquiry, vol 20, no 3, Spring, 1994, pp. 524-556.
  • HOBSBAWM, E., The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991, Vintage Books, 1994.
  • HUNTINGTON, S. P., “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, Summer, 1993, pp. 22-49.
  • KANT, I., “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment,” What is Enlightenment?: Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth Century Questions, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
  • MAZOWER, M., “The Deserted Temple: Democracies Rise and Fall” Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century, Penguin Books, 1999, pp. 1-39.
  • MILL, J. S., On Liberty, Batoche Books, Kitchener, 2001.
  • PAXTON, R. O., “The Five Stages of Fascism”, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 70, NO. 1, The University of Chicago Press, JStor, 1998, pp. 1-23.
  • QUADANGO, J., “Theories of the Welfare State,” Annual Review of Sociology, vol 13, 1987, pp. 109-128.
  • RAWLS, J., “Preface for the Revised Edition,” A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition, Harward University Press, 1999, pp xi-xvii.
  • SKINNER, Q., “The State,” Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, ed. by. Terence Ball, James Farr, Russell L. Hanson, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 90-132.
  • VINCENT, A., The Nature of Political Theory, Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • VIROLI, M., “The Revolution in the Concept of Politics,” Political Theory, vol 20, no 3, August, 1992, pp. 473-495.
  • VIVARELLI, R., “Interpretations on the Origins of Fascism” The Journal of Modern History, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 63, No.1, JStor,1991, pp. 29-43.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hatice Sezer

Publication Date April 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 14 Issue: 53

Cite

APA Sezer, H. (2018). YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYIL AVRUPA’SININ DEMOKRATİK DEĞERLERLE SINAVI. Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 14(53), 149-163.

Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi